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选择型阅读理解考前“保持手感”热身练:说明文篇
（2）
①Unconfidentchildrencanimprovetheirperformanceinmathtestssimplybysayingnicethingstothemselvesastudysuggests.Atotalof212fourthtosixthgradersagedbetween9to13yearsoldtookpartintheresearch.Thechildrencompletedamathtestintwoparts.Attheendofthefirsthalfresearchersaskedthefirstgroupofkidstotalktothemselvesabouttheamountofefforttheywou1dputintothesecondhalfofthetestbeforecarryingon.Thechildrenquietlytoldthemselves:Iwilldomyverybest.Anothergroupwastoldtoconsidertheirabilitybyrepeatingthephrase:Iamverygoodatthis.Thechildrenwereinstructedtowritedowntheirgivenphraseandrepeatittothemselveswhileworkingontheproblemsparticularlywhentheyfoundtheworkchallenging.Therestofthechildrenactedasthecontrolgroupandweren，trequiredtosayanything.Afewdaysbeforecompletingthetestallthekidscompletedasurveyonhowtheyviewedtheirownandothersabilities.Comparedwithkidswhodidntdowhatisknownasself-talkingthosewithlowself-confidencewhospokeabouttheefforttheydmakedidbetterinthesecondhalfofthetest.Thedataledtheresearcherstoconcludechildrenwhostrugglewithnegativethoughtsabouttheircompetencecouldimprovetheirachievementsinschoolbytellingthemselvestheywillputeffortintoatask.Howevertheteamsaidtheydidnotfindthesameresultamongchildrenwithlowself-confidencewhospoketothemselvesaboutabilityfor【题目】FoodmadefromatmosphericcarboncouldfeedtheworldwhilehelpingtofightclimatechangeaccordingtoSolarFoodsaFinnishcompanyfoundedin
2017.“WecancollectC02anywhere“saiditsCEOPasiVainikawhosecompanyhasdevelopedaproteinpowdermadeusingC
02.“Thatsastrategicshiftwhererawmaterialsareintheair.TheproteinpowdercalledSoleincanbeturnedintomeatanddairysubstitutesoraddedtofoodsandshakes.SolarFoodsusesspecialunitstopullC02fromtheatmosphere.Toturnitintoproteinmicrobes（微物），similartothoseintheproductionofwineandyogurtwillbefedonittogrowandreproduce.Duringtheprocesswaterissplitintohydrogenandoxygen.Alongwithagrowthmediumcontainingnecessarymineralsthethreegasesarepumpedintofeedthemicrobes.HarvestedanddriedthatremainingmixturebecomesSolein一ayellowpowdermadeupofsingle-cellproteinwithanutrientcompositionsimilartowheatflour.SolarFoodsclaimsthatSoleinremovesmostoftheemissionsassociatedwithmodernagriculturewhichisresponsibleforalmostone-thirdofallgreenhousegasemissions.OnekilogramofSoleinsendsout
0.2kilogramofC02e（二氧化碳当量）.Incomparisonbeefherdsproducearound100kilogramsandchicken10kilograms“saidVainikka.Wecanrermovetheclimateimpactofmodemfoodsystemsontheplanetwhichtodayaccountforabout30percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Hefurtherstressedthatwhilethecompanysfactoriesalsorequiresomelandusedforindustrialfarmingonlyaboutone-tenthofthelandisneededcomparedtophotosynthesis（光合作用）.“Wecouldfreeupagriculturallandtogrowbackforests“headded“andthoseremovecarbonpermanentlyfromtheatmosphere.”ProbablyoptimistsarenowcontentingthemselveswiththepleasantsceneofmassesoftreesabsorbingC02:ontheplanet.HoweverwhilethatmaysoundgreatVainikkaputitright“ItcanhappenonlyifweproduceenoughSoleinfromCOtoreplacemeatanddairyatalargescale.Andthatstillremainsalongwaytogo.WhatcanwesayaboutSoleinA.Itisintheair.B.Itcanbechangedintomeat.C.ItcantakeinC
02.D.Itisgoodfortheenvironment.WhatareneededtoproduceSoleinaccordingtoParagraph2A.Wineandwater.B.Waterandminerals.C.Mierobesandyogurt.D.Wineandmicrobes.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellusaboutSoleinA.Itspresentsituation.B.Itspossiblebenefits.C.Itsproductionprocess.D.Itspotentialdrawbacks.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetextAirProteinProducedCOReducedCollectingAirRemovingC02ClimateChangingDangerComingProtectEarthSaveOurselves【答案解析】【答案】
1.D
2.B
3.B
4.A.细节理解题根据第一段“FoodmadefromatmosphericcarboncouldfeedtheworldwhilehelpingtofightclimatechangeaccordingtoSolarFoodsaFinnishcompanyfoundedin
2017.”（根据2017年成立的芬兰太阳能食品公司的说法，用大气中的碳制成的食物可以养活世界，同时帮助对抗气候变化）以及“TheproteinpowdercalledSoleincanbeturnedintomeatanddairysubstitutesoraddedtofoodsandshakes.”（这种蛋白质粉叫做比目鱼蛋白，可以用来制作肉类和奶制品，也可以添加到食品和奶昔中）可知，该公司开发这项技术，一是应对气候变化，二是生产肉、奶等的替代品，从而实现保护环境的目的所以该公司开发的产品“对环境有利”故选D.细节理解题根据第二段“Toturnitintoproteinmicrobes（微物），similartothoseintheproductionofwineandyogurtwillbefedonittogrowandreproduce.Duringtheprocesswaterissplitintohydrogenandoxygen.Alongwithagrowthmediumcontainingnecessarymineralsthethreegasesarepumpedintofeedthemicrobes.（为了将其转化为蛋白质，微生物，类似于生产葡萄酒和酸奶的微生物，将以其为食来生长和繁殖在这个过程中，水分解成氢和氧再加上含有必要矿物质的培养基，这三种气体被注入到微生物体内）可知微生物（用于发酵）、水（分解成氢气和氧气）和含有矿物质的生长培养基都是必备物质故选B.细节理解题根据第三段第一句SolarFoodsclaimsthatSoleinremovesmostoftheemissionsassociatedwithmodernagriculturewhichisresponsibleforalmostone-thirdofallgreenhousegasemissions.（太阳能食品公司声称索林能够消除大部分与现代农业相关的排放物，而现代农业排放的温室气体几乎占所有温室气体排放量的三分之一）为主题句研究人员再通过对比说明，相同重量的蛋白质，Solein比牛肉和鸡肉产生更少的二氧化碳，因此会解放更多的耕地，用于退耕还林故选B.主旨大意题第一段概括介绍SolarFoods公司利用空气中二氧化碳生产蛋白质Solein的基本信息一一第二段介绍这一生产过程及所需物质一一第三段阐述该技术的优势及长远意义一一第四段主要介绍该技术的前景综上，A选项概括了文章大意从空气中获取二氧化碳生产蛋白质Solein减少二氧化碳故选Ao【重点词汇词组】atmospheric-adj.大气的，空气中的carbon-n.碳feed-v.喂养，供给食物；n.饲料climatechange-气候变化Finnish-adj.芬兰的；n.芬兰人protein-n.蛋白质powder-n.粉末rawmaterials一原材料strategic-adj.战略的unit-n.单位microbes-n.微生物production-n.生产wine-n.葡萄酒yogurt-n.酸奶reproduce-v.繁殖，生殖growthmedium-生长基质minerals-n.矿物质pumpedin一泵入harvested-adj.采收的nutrient-n.营养素composition-n.成分构成emissions-n.排放散发agriculture-n.农业greenhousegas-温室气体beef一n.牛肉herds-n.（动物的）群，兽群chicken-n.鸡肉factories-n.工厂land-n.土地industrialfarming-工业化农业photosynthesis-n.光合作用forests-n.森林optimists-n.乐观主义者masses-n.大量absorb-v.吸收permanent-adj.永久的self-talkabouteffortisthekey.Meanwhiletheypointedoutthefindingsmaynotrelatetochildrenofotheragesandmoreresearchisneededtoexplorethis.HowwastheresearchconductedA.Bytellingstudentstotalkabouttheireffort.B.Bycomparingthreegroupsofstudents.C.Byinstructingstudentstorepeatphrases.D.Bytellingstudentsnottosayanything.WhatconclusiondidtheresearchersdrawStudentsmaybenefitfromtalkingabouteffort.Studentsshouldtalkabouteffortinthetests.Studentscanbenefitfromtalkingaboutability.Self-talkinghelpsallstudentsdobetterintests.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthattheresearchteamis.A.carelessB.cautiousC.stubbornD.competitiveInwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappearA.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Sports.
②FoodmadefromatmosphericcarboncouldfeedtheworldwhilehelpingtofightclimatechangeaccordingtoSolarFoodsaFinnishcompanyfoundedin
2017.“WecancollectC02anywheresaiditsCEOPasiVainikawhosecompanyhasdevelopedaproteinpowdermadeusingC
02.“Thatsastrategicshiftwhererawmaterialsareintheair.TheproteinpowdercalledSoleincanbeturnedintomeatanddairysubstitutesoraddedtofoodsandshakes.SolarFoodsusesspecialunitstopullC02fromtheatmosphere.Toturnitintoproteinmicrobes（微物），similartothoseintheproductionofwineandyogurtwillbefedonittogrowandreproduce.Duringtheprocesswaterissplitintohydrogenandoxygen.Alongwithagrowthmediumcontainingnecessarymineralsthethreegasesarepumpedintofeedthemicrobes.HarvestedanddriedthatremainingmixturebecomesSolein—ayellowpowdermadeupofsingle-cellproteinwithanutrientcompositionsimilartowheatflour.SolarFoodsclaimsthatSoleinremovesmostoftheemissionsassociatedwithmodernagriculturewhichisresponsibleforalmostone-thirdofallgreenhousegasemissions.OnekilogramofSoleinsendsout
0.2kilogramofC02e（二氧化碳当量）.Incomparisonbeefherdsproducearound100kilogramsandchicken10kilograms“saidVainikka.Wecanrermovetheclimateimpactofmodemfoodsystemsontheplanetwhichtodayaccountforabout30percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.”Hefurtherstressedthatwhilethecompanysfactoriesalsorequiresomelandusedforindustrialfarmingonlyaboutone-tenthofthelandisneededcomparedtophotosynthesis（光合作用）.“Wecouldfreeupagriculturallandtogrowbackforests“headded“andthoseremovecarbonpermanentlyfromtheatmosphere.”ProbablyoptimistsarenowcontentingthemselveswiththepleasantsceneofmassesoftreesabsorbingC02:ontheplanet.HoweverwhilethatmaysoundgreatVainikkaputitright“ItcanhappenonlyifweproduceenoughSoleinfromCOtoreplacemeatanddairyatalargescale.Andthatstillremainsalongwaytogo.WhatcanwesayaboutSoleinA.Itisintheair.B.Itcanbechangedintomeat.C.ItcantakeinC
02.D.Itisgoodfortheenvironment.WhatareneededtoproduceSoleinaccordingtoParagraph2A.Wineandwater.B.Waterandminerals.C.Mierobesandyogurt.D.Wineandmicrobes.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellusaboutSoleinA.Itspresentsituation.B.Itspossiblebenefits.C.Itsproductionprocess.D.Itspotentialdrawbacks.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetextAirProteinProducedCOReducedCollectingAirRemovingC02ClimateChangingDangerComingProtectEarthSaveOurselves选择型阅读理解考前“保持手感”热身练:说明文篇
（2）
①【题目】Unconfidentchildrencanimprovetheirperformanceinmathtestssimplybysayingnicethingstothemselvesastudysuggests.Atotalof212fourthtosixthgradersagedbetween9to13yearsoldtookpartintheresearch.Thechildrencompletedamathtestintwoparts.Attheendofthefirsthalfresearchersaskedthefirstgroupofkidstotalktothemselvesabouttheamountofefforttheywou1dputintothesecondhalfofthetestbeforecarryingon.Thechildrenquietlytoldthemselves:Iwilldomyverybest.Anothergroupwastoldtoconsidertheirabilitybyrepeatingthephrase:Iamverygoodatthis.Thechildrenwereinstructedtowritedowntheirgivenphraseandrepeatittothemselveswhileworkingontheproblemsparticularlywhentheyfoundtheworkchallenging.Therestofthechildrenactedasthecontrolgroupandwerentrequiredtosayanything.Afewdaysbeforecompletingthetestallthekidscompletedasurveyonhowtheyviewedtheirownandothers5abilities.Comparedwithkidswhodidn，tdowhatisknownasself-talkingthosewithlowself-confidencewhospokeabouttheefforttheydmakedidbetterinthesecondhalfofthetest.Thedataledtheresearcherstoconcludechildrenwhostrugglewithnegativethoughtsabouttheircompetencecouldimprovetheirachievementsinschoolbytellingthemselvestheywillputeffortintoatask.Howevertheteamsaidtheydidnotfindthesameresultamongchildrenwithlowself-confidencewhospoketothemselvesaboutabilityforself-talkabouteffortisthekey.Meanwhiletheypointedoutthefindingsmaynotrelatetochildrenofotheragesandmoreresearchisneededtoexplorethis.HowwastheresearchconductedA.Bytellingstudentstotalkabouttheireffort.B.Bycomparingthreegroupsofstudents.C.Byinstructingstudentstorepeatphrases.D.Bytellingstudentsnottosayanything.WhatconclusiondidtheresearchersdrawStudentsmaybenefitfromtalkingabouteffort.Studentsshouldtalkabouteffortinthetests.Studentscanbenefitfromtalkingaboutability.Self-talkinghelpsallstudentsdobetterintests.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthattheresearchteamis.A.carelessB.cautiousC.stubbornD.competitiveInwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappearA.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Sports.【答案解析】【答案】
1.B
2.A
3.B
4.C.细节理解题根据第二段的Attheendofthefirsthalfresearchersaskedthefirstgroupofkidstotalktothemselvesabouttheamountofefforttheywouldputintothesecondhalfofthetestbeforecarryingon…Anothergroupwastoldtoconsidertheirabilitybyrepeatingthephrase:Iamverygoodatthis.•••Therestofthechildrenactedasthecontrolgroupandwerentrequiredtosayanything.（在前半部分测试结束时，研究人员要求第一组孩子对自己说他们会在后半部分的测试所做出的努力……另一组被告知通过重复“我非常擅长这个”来考虑他们的能力……剩下的孩子作为对照组，不需要说任何话）和第三段的Comparedwithkidswhodidn，tdowhatisknownasself-talkingthosewithlowself-confidencewhospokeabouttheeffortthey，dmakedidbetterinthesecondhalfofthetest.（与3K些没有自言自语的孩子相比，那些缺乏自信的孩子在考试的后半部分表现的更好）可知，研究是通过把孩子们分成三组，按照不同的要求进行活动，最后对结果进行对比来进行的B.Bycomparingthreegroupsofstudents.（通过对比三组学生）符合以上说法，故选B项.细节理解题根据第三段的Thedataledtheresearcherstoconcludechildrenwhostrugglewithnegativethoughtsabouttheircompetencecouldimprovetheirachievementsinschoolbytellingthemselvestheywillputeffortintoatask.（研究人员通过数据得出结论那些对自己能力有消极想法的孩子，可以通过告诉自己他们会努力完成任务来提高学习成绩）可知，不自信的孩子可以受益于告诉他们自己会努力A.Studentsmaybenefitfromtalkingabouteffort.（学生可以从谈论努力中获益）符合以上说法，故选A项.推理判断题根据最后一段Howevertheteamsaidtheydidnotfindthesameresultamongchildrenwithlowself-confidencewhospoketothemselvesaboutabilityforself-talkabouteffortisthekey.Meanwhiletheypointedoutthefindingsmaynotrelatetochildrenofotheragesandmoreresearchisneededtoexplorethis.可知，该研究团队说，他们在对自己能力进行自我评价的那些缺乏自信的孩子中没有发现同样的结果，因为自言自语说努力是关键同时，他们指出这些发现可能与其他年龄段的孩子无关，并且还需要更多的研究来探索这个由此推测，该研究团队对其研究结果非常谨慎B.cautious（谨慎的）符合以上说法，故选B项.推理判断题根据文章的主要内容，尤其第三段的Thedataledtheresearcherstoconcludechildrenwhostrugglewithnegativethoughtsabouttheircompetencecouldimprovetheirachievementsinschoolbytellingthemselvestheywillputeffortintoatask.（研究人员通过数据得出结论那些对自己能力有消极想法的孩子，可以通过告诉自己他们会努力完成任务来提高学习成绩）可知，该研究结果会对不太自信的孩子的学习成绩有帮助由此推测，这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸的教育版面C.Education.（教育）符合以上说法，故选c项【重点词汇词组】unconfident-adj.不自信的improve-v.改善提高performance-n.表现成绩math-n.数学suggest-v.日音示建议total-n.总数fourth-num.第四个sixth-num.第六个graders-n.年级学生age-n.年龄research-n.研究complete-v.完成test-n.测试part-n.部分researcher-n.研究人员group-n.组kid-n.孩子talk-v.谈话themselves-pron.他们自己amount-n.数量effort-n.努力carryon-继续进行quietly-adv.安静地very-adv.很，非常doonesbest-尽力consider-v.考虑ability一n.能力phrase-n.短语writedown一写下来particularly-adv.特别地challenging-adj.具有挑战性的rest-n.剩余controlgroup-对照组require一v.要求survey-n.调查view-v.视为competence-n.能力achievement-n.成就school-n.学校struggle-v.挣扎negative—adj.消极的thoughts-n.思想telloneself-对自己说result一n.结果。
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