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高一英语语法•情态动词讲练
一、情态动词表推想
1.确定的推想一般用mustshouldmaymight或could不用can其中,must的语气最强,译为“确定”、“准是”、“想必是;should的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应当”,指按常理推想;maymightcould的语气最弱,译为“或许”、“可能”goonthetripwithusbutsheisntquitesureyet.(2005年安徽卷musthavedroppedD.musthavebeendroppedIwantedto1dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.(2005年湖北卷)A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughtto
2.否定推想分为两种状况1)语气不很确定时,常用maynotmightnotcouldnot译为“可能不”、“或许不”Youmightjustaswe11tellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomersnot1ikethedesignofthefurniture.(2004年上海春季卷)Cshould在此表示惊异的感情色调,意思是“竟然”B对祈使句的确定回答用Iwill;否定回答用IwontD依据句意“我今日上午在会议室没见到她”所以“她根本不行能在会上发言”表示“根本不行能用cant/couldnthavedone形式A.mustB.shallC.mayI)need2)否定语气较强时,则用cant译为“根本不行能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色调
①一DoyouknowwhereDavidisIcouldntfindhimanywhere.一Well.Hehavegonefarhiscoatsstillhere.(2005年湖北卷)
4.对已发生事情的确定推想常用mustmaymight等+完成式”;否定推想常用cancouldmaymight等+完成式”
①Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.Theyatleast150kilometersanhour.(2005年重庆卷)A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone
②Hehavecompletedhiswork;otherwisehewouldntbeenjoyinghimselfbyseaside.(2005年北京卷)A.shouldB.mustC.wouldnTtD.cant
(3)—Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisbeabsenttoday一Somethingtohim.(2005年江西卷)A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappened
④MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoonsohehaveattendedyourlecture.(2000年上海卷)A.couldntB.needntC.musintI)shouldnt
二、“情态动词+完成式”
1.should(oughtto)+完成式”表示本应当做某事而事实上没有做其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了
①一I11tellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—Youherlastweek.(2004年福建卷)wouldhavetoldD.shouldhavetold
②OhImnotfeelingwe11inthestomachIsomuchfriedchickenjustnow.(2002年上海春季卷)A.shouldnteatB.mustnthaveeatenshouldnthaveeatenD.mustnteat“could+完成式”表示原来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成,含有缺憾的意味Hepaidforaseatwhenhehaveenteredfree.(2005年山东卷)A.couldB.wou1dC.mustD.need“neednt+不定式的完成式”表示原来不必做某事而事实上做了某事例如Youneednthavewateredtheflowersforitisgoingtorain.你本不须要浇花的,因为天就要下雨了一CatherineIhavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.Youit.Icouldmanageitmyself.(2005年福建卷)A.needntdoB.neednthavedoneC.mustntdoD.shouldnthavedone
三、常见的情态动词shall用于
一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方看法;用于
二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的吩咐、警告、承诺或威逼等
①“Theinterestbedividedintofivepartsaccordingtotheagreementmadebybothsidesdeclaredthejudge.(2004年重庆卷)D.shall
②一ExcusemebutIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.一Youhavemycomputerifyoudonttakecareofit.(2004年湖南卷)A.shantB.mightnotC.needntD.shouldnt
③一Theroomissodirty.wecleanit一Ofcourse.(2003年北京春季卷)A.WillB.ShallWouldD.Domust用于疑问句,表示责怪、埋怨的感情色调,意思为“偏偏,偏要;mustnt表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝说
①Johnlookatthetime.youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour(2005年全国卷HI)A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need
②Tomyouleaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!(2005年全国I)A.wouldntB.mustntC.I)maynotneednt表示“没有必要”tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She.Ivealreadyborrowedone.(2005年湖南卷)B.mustnrtD.shouldntwould表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向Whenhewastherehegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.(1996年上海卷)A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might.表示经过努力而胜利的某一次动作,只能用was/wereableto而不能用couldThefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.(1997年全国卷)A.hadtoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could.考查情态动词用作答语的状况
①一Writetomewhenyougethome.-.(2001年北京春季卷)A.TmustB.IshouldC.IwillI).Ican
②一CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname一Yesyou(1998年上海卷)A.willB.couldC.mayD.might巩固练习:
1.Michaelbepolicemanforheismuchtooshort.A.needntB.cantC.shouldD.may
2.ItoldSallyhowtogetherebutperhapsIforher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout
3.Jackyetotherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.A.mustnthavearrivedB.shouldnthavearrivedC.canthavearrivedD.neednthavearrived
4.Siryoubesittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.A.mustntB.cantC.wontD.neednt
5.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebagsbeleftforashorttimeespeciallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will一IsJohncomingbytrain—Heshouldbuthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shallYoucantimaginethatawell-behavedgentlemanbesorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would-Dontforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.—.A.IdontB.IwontC.IcantD.IhavenJtIdidntseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.例题答案Key:CDBBKey:CKey:CAKey AKey:BBDAKey:DCKey AKey:BKey:DABKey:ABKey:CKey:AKey CKeyCC练习答案与解析B从其次个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定看法,neednt意思是“没有必要”,与语境不符C依据句意“我已经告知她怎样到那儿,但是或许我应当给她写下来”可知说话者含有“懊悔、缺憾”的意味,应运用“情态动词+完成式”形式,“must+完成式”表示对过去的确定推想,“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义C依据其次分句“否则的话他就会给我打了可知“Jack确定还没到”,“cant+完成式”意思是“根本不行能”A从其次分句可知,这是妇女和儿童专用候车室,因此你“不准”坐在这儿mustnt表示“禁止,不准°Bcan在此表示许可D从后一句“他喜爱开车”可知说话者把握不大mustnot不表示推想,cannot的语气太确定,意思是“根本不行能”Dshall用于其次、三人称,表示说话人给对方的吩咐、警告、承诺、威逼等意思。