高考英语外刊阅读模拟强化训练：阅读理解专题二十二

高考英语外刊阅读模拟强化训练阅读理解专题二十二

①Theendoftheworldisnighagain.Andasusualitsbeinggreetedlargelywithashrug.Perhapsyoufeltaprickofuneaseasyouscrolledtheheadlinesorhalf-listenedoverbreakfasttosomeradiodebateaboutthefactthatsometimeinthenextfouryearstheplanetislikelytobreachthe

1.5Criseinglobaltemperaturethatwehavelongbeentoldisthetippingpointtoavoid.Perhapsyouevenfeltrageorfrustrationthatitstakingeveryoneelsesolongtowakeup.Butthechancesarethatmostpeoplewillhaveforgottenitbylunchtime.IfswingvoterswereasviscerallyscaredoffloodfireandcatastrophiccropfailureastheyseemtobeofpeopleleavingCalaisindinghiesgovernmentswouldbeturningthemselvesinsideoutbattlingtherisingtemperature.ImagineifWestminsterpouncedoneveryglobalheatingforecastlikeitwillonnextweeksimmigrationfiguresexpectedtoshowanotherrisetorecordlevels;imagineifgreenissuesstirredthesameprimalemotionsasBrexiters5bluepassports.Apsychologistwouldarguethatthebrainsnaturaldefencesagainstanxietyarestrongandinthiscaseunhelpfullyso.Werehardwiredtorespondtoimminentphysicalthreatsratherthanabstractordistantonesandcruciallytorunawayfromanythingtoobigtofight.Thesesurvivalinstinctsservedhumanswellinconflictwithchargingmammothsbutnotsomuchagainstthekindofabstractbutexistentialriskspotentiallyposedbytheclimatecrisis.Nodoubtthemediacoulddomoretoshovethisparticularcrisisineveryonesfaces.Itsnottoolateyet.Thelessonfromthepandemicisthatpeoplecanbesurprisinglywillingtomakesacrificesforthepublicgoodifwethinkthateveryoneelseisdoingitandiftherewardsareclear.StayingathometosavetheNHSwasthenoblethingtodobutitalsomadeyoumuchlesslikelytodieofCovidandwithinweeksitwasgratifyinglyobviousthatitwasworkingascasenumbersbegantofall.Thefighttostaybelow

1.5Cneedstofeellikethenextnationalcrusadeabattlewearecapableofwinningandwhichisthereforeworthjoiningin.Thereissomethingoddlypuzzlingaboutthisgovernmentsapparentreluctancetosingitsownpraisesovernetzero:Britainevidentlyisntdecarbonizing脱碳fastenoughbutitstillreduceditsemissionsfasterthananyothercountryintheworldbetween2010and2020asuccessmanyConservativesnowseemstrangelyembarrassedtomention.Cruciallyhouseholdsneedtoknowwhatisinitforthemiftheygiveuptheirgasboilersorpetrolcars-whichinpracticemeansmoregenerousfinancialsubsidiesandincentivestocushionthecostsofswitchingplusinvestmentintheinfrastructuretobackitupfromcar-chargingpointsandbatteryfactoriestoanarmyofproperlytrainedheatingengineers.Butwithoneinfivevotersalreadysayingtheythinkthegovernmentspendstoomuchonclimateandenvironmentpoliciespoliticalpartieswontriskspendingbillionsmorewithoutaclearsignalthatthisreallyishowwewantourtaxesspent.Andsowegoroundandroundinanendlesscircleofdithering.Itisntrisingglobaltemperaturesthatthreatenusintheendsomuchastheeternalhumantendencytoputoffendlesslyuntiltomorrowthatwhichwecantquitefacedoingtoday.Whatthescienceisincreasinglyurgentlytryingtotellusmuchaswemaynotwanttolistenisthatwecannolongerbesureexactlyhowmanytomorrowswehaveleft.[TheGuardianMay192023】.WhatwillmostpeopleusuallydoafterhearingthattheworldisburningTheywillscrolltheheadlinesmorefrequentlytoconveytheirideasTheywilltakethenewssoseriouslythattheywonthavebreakfastTheywillnotcareitsomuchandwillleaveitbehindtheirheadsquicklyTheywilltrytheirbesttoappealtoeveryonetotakeimmediateactionWhywontthemediacoverglobaltemperatureissuesasmanyaspossiblevotersaremorescaredoffloodfireandcatastrophiccropfailurepsychologicallypeoplearemorelikelytorespondtophysicaldefensesaroundthecornerthandistanceonesBritishgovernmentfocusmoreoneveryglobalheatingforecastgreenissuesleadtotheprimalemotionsacrossthewholecountryWhatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thenextnationalcrusade^^refertostayingathomeforthepublicgoodsavingtheNHSsystemthefighttogetridofthepandemicbattleagainsttheriseofglobaltemperatureAccordingtotheauthorwhatputusindangerintheendinsufficientfinancialsubsidiesandincentivesfromthegovernmentalwaysdelayingcompletingtodaysmissionthedisapprovalfromthemajorityofthevoterstheunpracticalclimateandenvironmentpolicies

②CouldanewtreatmentdevelopedbytheUSpharmaceuticalcompanyLillymean“thebeginningoftheend“ofAlzheimersCouldweevencurethediseasesomedayThesearethetypesofheadlinesandquestionsswirlingaroundafternewsofanewdrugcalleddonanemabshowedpromisingresultsinphase-3trialsatslowingdownthedeclineincognitivefunctionsandreducingthedeteriorationintheabilitytoundertakedailytasksindependently.Alzheimersisthemostcommoncauseofdementiaaccountingfor60-70%ofcases.Itisnotanormalpartofageingeventhoughitlargelyaffectsthoseover

65.Itsadegenerativediseasewheresymptomsworsenoveryearsstartingwithmildmemorylossandmovingtowardsthecompletelossofabilitytorecogniselovedonesandcaregiversconfusionanddisorientationbetweenthepastandpresentandtheinabilitytoliveindependently.Itcanbeheartbreakingforfamiliestowatchthedeteriorationoflovedoneswhoalmostbecomelikeadifferentpersonwithextrememoodandbehaviouralchanges.ThebrainsciencebehindAlzheimersiscomplexbutCTandMRIscanssuggestthattoxicchangesoccurinthebrainincludingtheabnormalbuildupofproteinscalledamyloidplaquesandtautangles.Thedamagestartsinthepartsofthebrainessentialforformingmemoriesbutthenspreadsthroughouttheorganwithbraintissueshrinkingsignificantly.DevelopingtreatmentsforAlzheimershasbeenachallengewithalmost20yearspassingwithnonewdrugs.Butinthelastyeartwonewoneshaveemerged:donanemabandlecanemab.Neitherarecuresormagicbulletsforthediseasebuttheydoaddresskeysymptoms.Theytargettheamyloidproteinsthatcanaccumulateinthebrainanddamageneuronsslowingdownitsprogression.Andwhilethisnewsisexcitingtherearemajorcaveats.OneiswhetheritwilleverbecomeavailableontheNHS.Thecostisestimatedtobeabout£20000perpersonperyearoftreatment.WhilelucrativefordrugcompaniesandlikelytobeaimedattheUShealthcaremarketintheUKitcouldbecomea“luxury“goodforthoseabletopayvastsumsofmoneyinthegrowingprivatehealthcaresector.Anotheristheseriousside-effects:inthestudybrainswellingoccurredin24%ofparticipantsandbrainbleedingoccurredin

31.4%onthedrugcomparedwith

13.6%intheplacebogroup.TherewerealsothreedeathsduringthetrialwhichhavebeenlinkedtoAriaamyloid-relatedimagingabnormalities-seizuresandbleedinginthebrain.Partoftheproblemformeasanacademicinassessingthedrugisthatthefullresultsofthetrialhaventyetbeensharedpubliclyorpublishedinapeer-reviewjournal.Wecannotaccessthefulldataorscrutinizethetrialyetandthereisalwaysanincentiveforprivatecompaniestooverstatetheeffectivenessofnewdrugs.Trialresultsneedtobeassessedrobustlybyanindependentbodyofexperts.Whileitisunlikelytochangeclinicalpracticeuntilatleast2025thenewsofdonanemabisagainanindicationthatscienceiscontinuingtomakeprogresswhenitcomestotreatingthemajorcausesofillnessanddeathevenonerelatedtothehighlycomplexinnerworkingsofthebrain.Weverarelymanagedtocure”adiseasecompletelybutwehavemanagedtodeveloptoolstoreducethepainanddebilitatingsymptomsofvariousdiseases-andimprovethequalityandlengthofpeopleslives.SotherearecaveatsandtheneedforcautionbutthesenewAlzheimersdrugsareindeedthegroundsforthatrarethingthesedays:hope.[TheGuardianMay192023】

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningAlzheimeristruethereexistsanewdrugtocureitcompletely60-70%ofdementiaresultinAlzheimerthecompletelossofabilitytorecognizelovedonesisnormalwhenyoureoldamyloidplaquesandtautanglesaccumulatefirsttodamagepartofthebrainthenthewholeorganwasdestroyedTheunderlinedword“caveats“canbestbereplacedbywarningsdiscussionsillustrationsinstrumentsWhafstheproblemofthenewdrugaccordingtotheauthorasanacademicithastheseriousside-effectssuchasbrainbleedinganddeathstheeffectivenessofnewdrugsmaybeexaggeratedwithoutproperandfairassessmentthecostofthenewdrugisoutofreachforordinarypeoplethereisnopossibilityfornewdrugstobeadmittedintotheNHSWhattheauthorsattitudetowardsthenewdrugapprovaldoubtfulobjectivecarefree

③NewYorkofficialsaredeployingmoreresourcestohelphomelesspeopleonthesubwaysystem.ThecaseofJordanNeelyahomelessmankilledbyafellowpassengerduringanapparentmentalhealthepisodeshowsjusthowstubborntheproblemis.NeelyaMichaelJacksonimpersonatorwhostruggledwithmentalillnessdiedMay1after24-year-oldDanielPennyputhiminafatalchokeholdonasubwaytraininlowerManhattan.NeelysfuneralwillbeheldFridayinHarlem.ProsecutorschargedPennywithsecond-degreemanslaughterthismonthafterachorusofNewYorkofficialsdescribedtheincidentasamurder.Hislawyerssaidhewasactingtoprotecthimself.ThefatalencounterhasinflamedNewYorkersdebatearoundpublicsafetyandmentalhealth.AtthecenterofbothissuesisthecityshomelessnesscrisiswhichMayorEricAdams-aformerpoliceofficer-haspledgedtofixbutsofarhasstruggledtoalleviate.AdamsandNewYorkGov.KathyHochulannouncedsouped-upoutreachprogramsinFebruary.Itisdifficulttomeasuretheirimpact.Underthecity-backedprogramteamsofpoliceofficersandoutreachworkerssweeptrainsatend-of-linesubwaystations.Theaveragenumberofhomelesspeopleinsubwaytrainsreachingtheendoftheirlinedecreasedto

2.7inJanuary2023fromsixayearearlier.ThesharpestdeclinecameafteranMTAsweepatthestartof2022whichofficialssaidcleared350peoplefrom29encampmentsinsubwaytunnelsand89encampmentsinstations.ShellyNortzdeputyexecutivedirectorforpolicyfortheHomelessadvocacygroupsaidpeoplesometimesaccepttransportationtosheltersbutdontbothercheckingin.Shesaiditwouldbebetterifpeopleweretakentomorepermanenthousingratherthanashelter.DavidJonesanMTAboardmembersaidworkersintheoutreachprogramsneededmoretraining.“Weregoingtohavetouptheanteintermsoftheskillleveloftheoutreachteamstobeabletohandlethisstuffyhesaid.LastweekapoliceofficerspottedapersonsprawledacrossthebenchaboardanEtrainshortlyaftermidnight.Goodmorning!”theofficershouted.Areyougettingservices”anaccompanyingoutreachworkerasked.Thepersonsatupmumbledsomethingandtheteammovedon.Thetrainpulledoutofthestationagain.Thestatehaslaunched11outreachteamsthatworkinstationsduringdaysandevenings.Itisimportanttobepersistentandlistentopeoplesindividualneeds.TashjianexecutivedeputycommissionerofthestatesOfficeofMentalHealthjoinedtheoutreacheffortsintheirearlydaysandsaiditsometimestakesworkersmultipleengagementstogetpeopletoagreetoaccepthelp.Sheconsidersthenumberofplacementsasuccessandtoutedstatefundingapprovedthisyearforhundredsofunitsofsupportivehousing.[TheWallStreetJournalMay1920231WhydidtheauthorciteNeelyscaseinthefirstparagraphtointroducethelegalsysteminAmericatoshowhowurgenttohelphomelesspeopleonthesubwaysystemtocriticizetheNewYorkofficialswhodestroyedthepublicsafetytocondemnthemurderwhohasmentalillnessHowaretheoutreachprogramscarriedoutbythemayorhomelesspeopleatend-of-linesubwaystationisclearedbypoliceofficersteamsofpoliceofficersandoutreachworkerscleantrainsusingatoolsubwayservicesareshutdowntohomelesspeoplealldaylonghomelesspeoplearerequiredtocheckintoaccepttransportationsheltersWhafsthemeaningoftheunderlinedphraseuptheante”putanendtoatalkgetridofaproblemsetahigherstandardorgoaldealwithatoughsituationHowtodescribeanoutreachworkersjobaccordingtothepassageeasyandrewardinghigh-paidandrelaxingrespectfulandsecrethardanddemanding答案CBDBDABABACD。