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1.12023届广东省梅州市高三一模英语试题】Whilemostofusareneverwithoutoursmartphonesrobotsmayalsosoonbecomeessentialcompanions.ItcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedbyresearchersinJapanwhodevelopedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatmentssuchasinjections(注射)andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.Onbeingsubjectedtoamoderateheatstimulus(刺激)thestudyparticipantswhoworetherobotexperiencedlesspainthaninthetestsinwhichtheydidnotweartherobot.DuringthecampaigntoencouragevaccinationagainstCOVID-19publichealthofficialsrecognizedthatsomepeoplearesimplyafraidofneedleswhichcontributedtoreducedvaccinationrates.Whiletheproblemsofpatientanxietyandpainduringmedicalprocedureshavebeenwellstudiedthereremainsaneedtotestandimplementsolutionstohelppatients.Thesoftfur-coveredrobotthescientistscalledReliebowasdesignedtobeattachedtotheparticipantshand.Theresearcherstesteditseffectivenessundervariousconditionsbasedontheclenchingoftheparticipantshandwhileapplyingthepainfulthermalstimulustotheotherarmthatwasnotbeingusedtoholdtherobot.Theresearchersfoundthatholdingtherobothelpedrelievetheexperienceforpatientsregardlessoftheexperimentalconditionsusedandconcludedthatthefeelingsofwell-beingthatcanbecreatedbyhumantouchmayhavealsobeenactivatedbytherobot.Itiswellknownthatinterpersonaltouchcanreducepainandfearandwebelievethatthiseffectcanbeachievedevenwithnonlivingsoftrobots「statesProfessorTanaka.Thismaybeusefulwhenactualhumancontactisnotfeasiblesuchasduringpandemics.FutureversionsoftherobotmightuseacontrolledgazeorevenAR(augmentedreality)technologiestohelpbuildaconnectionwiththepatientordistractthemfrompainperceptioninvarioussituations.WhatisthepurposeoftherobotA.Toassistdoctorsininjectingaccurately.B・Tohelprelievepeoplespainfrominjections.Toevaluatepatientsphysicalandmentalhealth.ToassesstheeffectsofgettingvaccinatedagainstCOVID-
19.
13.HowdoestheroboteasethepainandanxietyofthepatientsA.Therobotisdesignedtobeattachedtothepatients9hand.Therobotssoftfiirgivesthepatientsafeelingsofwell-being.Therobot^^interpersonaltouch“createsafeelingsofwell-being.EnvironmentalstresseschallengeplantsMysteriesofplantgenesaretobeunfolded
8.【2023届湖南省岳阳市统考一模】AlbertoConejohasnotlivedinChinalongbuthiscontributionsarestronglyfeltnotonlyintheareainwhichheworksasanexpertbutalsointheconstructionofamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyworldasawhole.Oneofthebiggestproblemsfacinghumanityhastodowithcarbondioxideemissions.InthissenseConejohasmadeimportantcontributionsthroughhisresearchtoreduceenergyconsumptioninsteelproductionbyusingfoamyslag(熔渣)asaninsulator(绝缘体)inelectricarcfurnaces(电弧炉).Asthesteelindustryistheonethatemitsthelargestamountofcarbondioxideemissionsintheworld-around7percent“TheworkIdidfocusedonoptimizingtheuseofelectricalenergyandminimizeenergylossesJhesaid.Conejoisnotjustanyman.Hisdedicationandworkhaveearnedhimimportantrecognitionbuttheseachievementshavenotbeenwithoutsacrifices.DuringthattimewetraveledtomanypartsofChina;wewenttoremotevillagesclimbedmountainscrossedriversandlakesandvisitedoldtownsandmuseumsJherecalled.AlthoughMexico“hadalmosteverything^therewassomethingmissing.ForthisreasonwhentheSchoolofMetallurgicalandEcologicalEngineeringattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijing(USTB)offeredhimapositionasaresearcherandprofessorunderasix-yearcontracttheMexicandidnothesitatetotaketheflight.TheseeffortsledhimtobeawardedtheChineseGovernmentFriendshipAwardonSeptember30lastyearthehighestdistinctionfbrforeignerswhohavemadeoutstandingcontributionstothecauseofthecountrysmodernizationreformandopeningup.AlthoughheisawareofhisachievementsConejodoesnothesitatetosaythatthisisalsotheresultofsharedteamwork.TheonlythingIcansayisthattherearenoindividualachievementsbuttheresultsofacollectiveeffortbecauseineverythingwedoweusepreviouslydevelopedknowledge.WhatisthepurposeofConejosresearchTominimizeenergylossesinelectricityindustry.TomaximizetheprofitofsteelindustryinMexico.TopromoteindustrialcollaborationbetweenChinaandMexico.Tocutdownenergyconsumptioninsteelproduction.Whatdotheunderlinedwordoptimize“meaninparagraph
2.A.Paycloseattentionto.B.lookoutfor.C.Makethebestof.D.Giveriseto.WhatcanbeinferredfromConejoswordsinthelastparagraphA.Individualdedicationhasnothingtodowithhisachievements.B・Theteamsjointeffortcontributestotheiraccomplishments.Ifonlytheyusepreviouslydevelopedknowledgetheymustmakeachievements.Individualachievementsplayasignificantroleinhiscareer.
11.WhatsthebesttitleofthisarticleA.ChineseGovernmentFriendshipAward-thehighestdistinctionforforeigners.B・Award-WinningMexican-low-carbonsteelmakingprofessor.CarbonDioxideEmissions-oneofthebiggestproblems.CollectiveEffort-keytooutstandingcontributions.
9.12023届辽宁省沈阳市统考一模】InastudyinthejournalScienceresearchersatNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisreportedthattheyhaddevelopedaneffectiveandinexpensivemethodforbreakingdownchemicalscalledpolyfluoroalkylsubstances(PFAS).PFASfirstcreatedinthe1930sarechemicalcompounds(化合物).Theyareusedtomakeawiderangeofeverydayproductsincludingnonstickpanscarpetingelectronicsandfast-foodwrappers.Oncethechemicalsareintheenvironmenttheyarealmostimpossibletoeliminatebecausetheyaredesignedtoavoidbreakingdown.Researchershavelinkedregularlevelsofexposuretothesechemicalswithseveralhealthproblemsincludingliverdamageanincreasedriskofcancerandreducedimmunity.ScientistshadpreviouslyfiguredouthowtoremovePFASfrompollutedwaterorsoilbutuntilnowhadnosafeandeffectivewaytodestroythemoncetheywereremoved.ThestudyreportedthatwhentheteamboiledPFASmolecules(分子)withtwocommonsubstancesthePFASquicklybrokedownandbecameharmless.In2020WilliamDichtelachemistandprofessoratNorthwesternreadastudyinwhichchemistsattheUniversityofAlbertainCanadafoundaneasywaytobreakdownchainsofmolecules.HeaskedagraduatestudentBrittanyTrangtotrythemethodonPFASmolecules.TranghadspentmonthsinthelabunsuccessfullyattemptingtopullapartPFASandatfirstshethoughtDichtePsideawastoosimpletowork.ButshetrieditboilingPFASwithacommonsolvent(溶齐Ll)calleddimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).TrangwasshockedwhentheprocessdestroyedthePFAS.ShelatermixedDMSOwithachemicalcalledsodiumhydroxideandbrokedownPFASevenmorequickly.ThescientistswillworkonwaystodestroyPFASoutsidethelabsolargeamountsofforeverchemicalscanbebrokendownatonce.Itsahugechallengebutitsinourgrasp“DichteltoldTheNewYorkTimes.ScientistsarealsocallingforadecreaseintheamountofPFASbeingreleasedintothenaturalworld.InJunetheUSgovernmentannouncednewplanstomonitorPFASdecreasetheamountreleasedintotheenvironmentandaddresstheeffectsofPFASonhumanhealth.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate“probablymeaninparagraph2A.Identify.B.Destroy.C.Remove.D.Release.HowdidWilliamDichtelfindthewaytobreakdownchainsofmoleculesA.Hegotinformationfromastudyofothers!B・Heconductedtheexperimentsonhisown.C.HisgraduatestudentBrittanyTrangtoldhim.D.ChemistsattheUniversityofAlbertatoldhim.WhatcanwelearnaboutBrittanyTrangsexperimentA.ShetriedthemethodfromDichtelbutdidntsucceedatfirst.B-ShepulledapartPFASwithherownideaatherfirstattempt.C.ShedevelopedamoreeffectivemethodtobreakdownPFAS.D.ShethoughtDichtePsideawastoosimplesoshedidnttryitWhatdoscientistsadvocatetothepublicA.AddressingtheeffectsofPFASonhumanhealthandenvironment.B・ReducingtheamountofPFASbeingreleasedintotheenvironment.FindingmoreeffectivewaystodestroyPFASinandoutsidethelab.StoppingtheuseofPFASineverydaylifetoavoidhealthproblems.
10.【浙江嘉兴2023届统考一模】Inthisperiodofanxietyaboutthesizeofourwaistsandwhatweconsumesimpledietaryrulesareappealing.Eatlikeourancestors^isaparticularlycatchyslogan(口号)toliveby.ButwhoaretheseancestorswearesupposedtofollowAretheyourgreat-great-grandparentscookinghealthythingsOraretheyhairyanimalsweimagine“cavementobeThepopularancientdietblamesmodemhealthproblemsonthebirthofagricultureclaimingthatweshouldsticktoeatingmeatnutsandberries.Thiskindofstoneagetrendisbasedonthefalseassumptionthatpalaeolithic(旧石器时代的)peoplesallatethesamefoodregardlessoftheirlocation.NeverthelessEnglands9000-year-oldCheddarManwouldnothaveeatenthesamefoodsashiscontemporariesontheKenyanplain.Theamountofmeatpeoplesateandhowmuchwasobtainedbyhuntingarealsoupfordebate.Moreoverthestoneagetrendisfocusedonwhatsperceivedtobegoodfbrourbodieswithoutanyconcernfortherestofnatureincludingotherhumanswhoselivelihoodsarethreatenedbywesternoverconsumption.WereItoeatlikemyPunjabifarminggreat-grandparentsmydietwouldbebasedonthewheatandmilkproductsthatpeopleinthePunjabhavereliedonforprobablyatleastthelasttwothousandyears.Butdeliciousand“original”asitmightbeformetofollowitsleadthemoralsofindustriallyfarmedmilkproductsinthe21stcenturymakethesituationmoreconfusingandcomplicated.Nowprobablymorethaneverbeforewhatweeatconnectsustothefateofotherbeingshumanandnon-humanandtothefateofourplanet.Adogmatic(武断的)approachtothiswouldbeamistake.Bettertopreservewhafsworthkeepingandremainclear-eyedaboutourcookingpastmuchofwhichisunknowableimmoralandimpossibletofollowinanycase.WhatdoesthetextconcernA.Anancientstudy.B・Animmoralcase.C.Abalanceddiet.D.Apopularbelief.WhydoestheauthormentionCheddarManinparagraph3A.Toillustrateanopinion.B・Topresentafact.C・Toclarifyaconcept.D.Tointroduceatheory.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninparagraph4A.Theeatingbehaviorofourgreat-grandparents.B・Theconnectionbetweenfoodchoiceandnature.C.Therelationshipamongeatinghuntingandfarming.D.Theimpactoffoodoverconsumptionontheenvironment.
11.WhatisasuitabletitleforthetextA.Punjabidiet:popularagainB・ShouldweeatlikeourancestorsIsthefateoftheplanetinourhandsOurcookingpast:acomplicatedhistory
11.【2023年广东省深圳市统考一模】ThefirsttimethatImetablindscientist.IworkedinaprogramfordisabledstudentsinterestedinpursuingSTEM(ScienceTechnologyEngineeringMaths)research.Untilthatpointithadneveroccurredtomehowblindstudentswerepreventedfromreceivingscienceeducation.Mydailyexperienceinclassroomsconsistedofprofessorsdrawingandwritingontheboardwiththeassumptionthatstudentsintheclasscouldsee.ButwhataboutthosestudentswhocannotseeorsufferfromvisionproblemsArecentpaperfromBaylorUniversityledbyKatelynBaumerandBryanShawwasinspiredbyexactlythisproblem.Theydesignedastudytoassesswhetherpeoplecouldlearntorecognize3Dmodelslikethoseoftenusedtoteachsciencewiththeirmouthsinsteadofwiththeireyes.A2021paperinNaturefoundthatprimates(灵长类动物)showedthesamebraincircuitactivation(激活)whengraspingobjectswiththeirhandsandwhenmovinganobjectwiththeirtongues.Thisindicatesthattheremaybeunderlyingsimilaritiesofphysicalmanipulations(操纵)ofthehandandthemouth.BaumerandShawfoundthattherewascomparabletouchrecognitionwithhandstomouthmanipulationrecognitionwhenusingthesemodels.365collegestudentsand31primaryschoolstudentsparticipatedinthestudy.Theparticipantswereblindfoldedandthendividedintotwogroupsoneassignedtomanipulateobjectsbyhandandonetomanipulatetheobjectswithonlytheirmouths.Eachparticipantwasgivenasinglemodelproteintostudy.Theythenwereaskedtoidentifywhethereachofasetofeightotherproteinmodelsmatchedtheoriginaltheyweregiven.Theresearchteamsawthatbothagegroupsofstudentswereabletosuccessfullydistinguishbetweenmodels.Moreovertheaccuracyofrecallingthestructureswashigherinpeoplewhoonlyassessedthemodelsthroughmouthmanipulation.Althoughthisstudydidnotinvolveblindorlow-visionstudentsitsetsthebasisforexpandingintothemnext.Itmayofferawaytohavesciencebecomemoreaccessiblewhichistheultimategoal.WhowillmostprobablybenefitfromBaumerandShawsstudyA.Professors.B.Collegestudents.C.Primaryschoolstudents.D.Blindandlow-visionstudents.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3A.Explainaconcepttoreaders.B.Providesupportinginformation.C.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.WhatmethodisusedinthestudyA.Makingcomparisons.B.Doingsurveys.C.Conductinginterviews.D.Reviewingpapers.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutArecentpaperaboutSTEMeducation.Aproteinmodelusedinscienceteaching.Apotentialwayfordisabledstudentstolearnscience.Anacademicprogramforblindscientiststodoresearch.
12.12023届广东省茂名一模】Scientistsbelievenatureisgoodfbrourwell-being.ButwhatsthesecretthatbringsaboutthebenefitArecentstudybyresearcherCraigAndersonandhisworkmatessuggestsitcouldbeawe(敬畏)一thatsenseofbeinginthepresenceofsomethinggreaterthanourselvesthatfillsuswithwonder.Thefirstpartofthestudyhadsomepeoplegoonafour-dayriverrafting(漂流)trip.TheyrowedthroughdangerousrapidsintheforestedareasinCalifornia.Theyalsocampedoutinthewild.Beforeandafterthetriptheyreportedontheirwell-beingincludingtheirstresslevelsandsatisfactionwithlife.Duringthetriptheykeptdiariesabouttheirsentimentsincludingwhethertheydfeltawepeacegratitudejoyorpridethatday.Attheendofthetriptheirwell-beinghadincreasedgreatly.Afterthetriptheresearchersdiscoveredawe-aboveotherpositiveemotions—seemedtoexplaintheimprovement.InthesecondpartAndersonstudiedwhetheraweplayedaroleinmoreordinaryeverydaynatureexperiences.Theanswerisalsoyes.ThisisgoodnewssaysAndersonbecausesometimesitsnotthateasyfbrpeopletohavelongwildernesstrips.YoudonthavetodoamazingexperiencesinnaturetofeelaweJsaysAnderson.Bytakingafewminutestoenjoyflowersorasunsetyoualsoimproveyourwell-being/4Andersonsaysthatawemaybenefitwell-beingbycausingasmallself-asensethatyouwillhavewhenyoureinthepresenceofsomethingbiggerthanyourselfwhichmaymakewomesandstresseslesssignificantbycomparison.Buthealsosaysthattherecouldbeotherwaysthatnatureexperiencesimproveourwell-beingbesidescausingawe.Forexampletherelatedphysicalexerciseinnaturecouldhavemadeadifferencetoo.AnywayAndersonbelievesthere9senoughevidencetoencourageustoaddmorenaturetoourdailylife.^Peopleneedtoslowdownandmakespaceforthatintheirlives「Andersonsays.WhatdidthestudybyAndersonandhisworkmatesmainlyfindA.Thebenefitsatriphasonpeople.B・Whatintereststravelersinnature.C.Theviewspeoplehaveaboutnature.D.Whatmakesbeinginnaturebeneficial.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordsentiments^inparagraph2meanA.Feelings.B.Desires.C.Discoveries.D.Experiences.HowdoesawetakeeffectaccordingtothetextA.Bystressingthegreatnessofnature.B・Byhelpingpeopleforgettheirworries.C.Byencouragingpeopletobelostinnature.D.Bymakingpeoplesproblemsseemlessserious.WhatdoesAndersonsuggestpeopledoA.Maketimetodoexercise.B.Showrespecttonature.C.Getintouchwithnature.D.Makeacomparisonwithothers.
13.【2023年广东省深圳市统考一模】Thetermisspacearchaeology(考古学)”butthefieldismuchmoredowntoEarth.Spacearchaeologistsusesatelliteimageryandotherremote-sensingtechniquestolookforancientsitesonourplanet.AsarchaeologistSarahParcakexplainsinhernewbookArchaeologyfromSpacethesetoolshavetransformedstudiesofancienttimes.“Wevegonefrommappingafewdozenancientsitesinonesummer-longarchaeologicalseasontomappinghundredsifnotthousandsofsitesinweeksJshewrites.WithParcakasaguidethebookoffersalivelyinspiringtriparoundtheworldbackintimeandevenintothefuture.Parcakbeginswiththebasicsofspacearchaeologyexplaininghowforexamplesatelliteimagescanrevealthelocationsofwallsorthefoundationofaformerbuilding.Evenlong-buriedruinscanleaveamarkonthesurfaceaffectingthegrowthofvegetation(植被)andsoresultingin“cropmarks”.Theseoutlinesbecomeapparentfromhighaboveandwithinstrumentsattunedtocertainwavelengthsoflight.InexampleafterexampleParcakdemonstratesthecapabilitiesofdifferenttechnologies.ManyofthebooksstoriesandtalesoffieldworkfocusonwhatParcakhavelearnedaboutancientEgypt.WhilestudiesofmonumentsandtombshaverevealedaspectsofeverydayEgyptianlifesatellitedatahavefilledinsomebiggerpicturedetails.InthefirstsurveyofsettlementpatternsintheancientNileDeltaParcaksteamdiscoveredthatpeoplelargelyabandonedtheregionasaresultofenvironmentalchangeanddroughtsneartheendofEgypfsOldKingdomsome4000yearsago.ItfeelsremarkablytimelyinthiseraofclimatechangereadingwhatcontributedtotheOldKingdomsfall.Parcaknotesthatpartofarchaeology^valueliesinlearninglessonsinresiliency(适应力)fiompastsocieties.WhatisthebookArchaeologyfromSpaceaboutA.Searchingforantiquesinspace.B・Archaeologistsconductingresearchinspace.C.AstronautsdoingexperimentsabovetheEarth.D.UsingsatellitetechniquestoexploretheEarth.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“attuned“inparagraph2A.Compared.B.Adjusted.C.Appealed.D.Launched.WhyisthefallofEgypt9sOldKingdommentionedinthebookItcanattractreaders9attention.Itisthemostimportantdiscovery.ItwillmakethebookpopularinEgypt.Itcanserveasalessontomodernhumans.WhatisthemainideaofthetextTraditionaltechniquesofarchaeologybecomeoutdated.Cropmarkshelparchaeologistslocateundergroundruins.Satellitesarechanginghowarchaeologistsstudythepast.Archaeologistsarelosingtheirjobsduetonewtechnologies.
14.【2023年江苏省南京市统考一模】Youremotionhelpsyoumakesenseoftheworld.Atthecoreofanemotionisasubjectiveexperienceofthevalenceofit——whatemotionscientistscalluaflecf(T青/惑).Generallyspeakingaffectiswhatwearemostfocusedon.DoyouhavechocolatecakeinfrontofyouThatsgood!Doyouseeaspideronthetable!Thatsbad!Youraffectivereactionstellyouwhichexperiencesaredesirableandwhicharentbutthetotalemotionalexperienceincludesallyoudoandthink.Youcanlearnalotbyobservinganddescribingthem.Youcanalsolearnalotbyappreciatingtheirsecretlife.Theproblemis:theaffectivefeaturesofemotionstendtodominate.Oursubjectivevalenceofemotionisalmostallwecansee.Whenemotionsareonlyaboutwhatispleasantorunpleasantinsubjectiveexperiencerightnowthemoreimportantfeaturesofemotiondisappear.Ifyoucanslowdownandexpand;ifyoustoprunningorclinging(沉浸其中)andadoptasenseofcuriosityemotionsbecomemoresubtleanddifferent.Whenfearcomesupdontwalkawaysothatfeardissipates.Insteadstay.Allowyourselftofeelthenervousnessthesweatingandeverythingelsethatcomesalongwithit.Itisoneofthehardestthingstodoinlifebutitsalsooneofthemostrewarding.Ifyourunyouaretellingbasicpartsofyourbrain“Iguessthisthreatreallywasreal.Ibetterstayawayfromit.^^Youaretrainingyourselftofearregardlessofthatsituation.IfyouclingyouaresayingEscapefromthisemotionisathreat,andsinceitisnotahappyexperiencehappinessslipsthroughyourhandslikesand.Notethatyoucannotfoolyourself.Justallowthefullemotion.Youwillneverenterintotheirsecretlifeuntilyoustoprunningorclinging.Tocontrolyourlifeyouneedtoactivelytrainyouremotionstobeyourally(同盟).Observe.Describe.Appreciate.Dothatandyoumayfindyouhavealliesforhealthylivingthatwerethereallalong.
12.Whydoestheauthormentionchocolatecakeandspider“inparagraph1A.Toexplainthecomplexresponseofemotions.B・Toshowthesubjectiveexperienceofemotions.Toindicatethegoodnessandbadnessoftheworld.Toemphasizethesignificanceofemotionsinlife.
13.WhatistheconsequenceifyoujustfocusonyourpresentfeelingsThepresentfeelingsarelessobvious.Thesubjectiveemotionsarelesspowerful.Theoverallpictureofemotionsiseasiertoignore.Theobservationanddescriptionofemotionsareeasier.
14.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddissipates“inParagraph4probablyreferto
15.【湖北省高中名校联合统考一模】EverwonderedwhyyourhotelpoolseemsoverlysmallcomparedtoitswebsitepictureAnewgraphrevealsjusthowfarcompanieswillgotomaketheirproductsseemmoreappealingfromreplacingactualicecreamwithmashedpotatoforamoresolidappearancetousingmotoroilforhoney.Oneofthemostcommonexamplesisthatofadvertisedimagesofhamburgerswhichshowitemsbetweenthebuntobelargerandbrighterthantheyreallyareleadingconsumerstothinkthefoodisfresherthanitreallyis.Frozenfoodpackagesarerepeatoffenderswhichshowthemealsperfectlyplatedwithfreshingredients.Whereanimageincludesingredientsnotincludedinthepurchaseaservingsuggestion“disclaimerisalegalrequirement.Howeverifacustomerfailstonoticethetinycaptiontheyoftenincorrectlyassumethatallillustrateditemsareincluded.Deceptioninadvertisingisnotjustlimitedtofoodproducts.Hotelsandresortsoftenalterimagesorusedeceptiveanglestomanipulatethebuildingsrealsurroundings.Forexampleonehoteladvertisementusedacleverlypositionedlowangletofeaturewhatappearstobeanendlesspool.Intruththepoolissimplyroundinshape.Childrenarealsooftencheatedbycommercials.Whentheyfinallyreceivethattoyoroutdoorpaddlingpooltheyfindthattheproductisfarsmallerthanadvertised.WithnearlyhalfofAmericanconsumersbelievingadvertisingtobefairlyhonest”itseemstheywillcontinuetobetrickedintobuyingdisappointingproducts.Thewriterwritesthefirstparagraphinorderto.A.informanissueB.introducethetopicC.catchreaders5attentionD.deliversomephenomenaAccordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingissuesmightconsumershavewithfoodproductsThefoodisnothealthyenough.Itisdifficulttoknowhowtoserveafrozenmeal.C・Someitemsshownontheboxdisappear.D.Theburgerbunissmallerthantheywereexpecting.Accordingtothearticlealmost50%ofAmericanbuyers.A.donottrustadvertisingcompaniesBbelievethatadvertisingisnothonestenoughthinkthattheproductsaredisappointingwillcontinuebeingdeceivedbyfalseadvertising
7.Theoverallpurposeofthetextisto.D.Therobotinstructstheresearcherstorelievetheexperienceforpatients.WhatwillresearchersprobablydonextA.Developotherdevicesformedicaltreatment.B・Carryoutmoreandmoretestsontherobot.C.Evaluatethepossibleriskofusingtherobot.D.PromotetheapplicationoftherobotworldwideWhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassageA.HowtoReducePeoplesFearofInjections.B・AdvancedTechnologyHelpstoCurePatientsC・BeingAfraidofNeedlesReducedVaccinationRatesD.WearableSoftRobotHelpsPeopleScareofinjections.
2.12023届福建省七地市统考一模】Imaginedrivingbehindahugetruckshootingcloudsofsmokeintotheairwhileyournewfullyelectricvehiclecleansupitscarbonemissions(升£放).Thisdreammaysoonbeareality.AteamofstudentsintheNetherlandshascreatedanelectriccarthatnotonlydoesntproducecarbondioxidewhendrivingbutactuallypullsitoutoftheair.Thetwo-seatersportscarwasdesignedandbuiltinlessthanayearbyateamof32studentsatEindhovenUniversityofTechnology.CalledZEM”whichstandsforzeroemissionmobilitythecarisequippedwithspecialdevicesthatremovecarbondioxidefromtheairasitdrives.TheteamsaysifZEMisdrivenabout32000kilometersitcanremove2kilogramsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.Thafsnotahugeamount.Theteamcalculatesthat10ZEMcarsontheroadforayearwouldremoveasmuchcarbondioxideasatypicaltreedoesduringthattime.Howevertheyalsopointoutthatthereareoverabillionpassengercarsintheworldthatcouldbeusingthistechnology.Andifabillioncarswereremovingcarbondioxideinsteadofproducingittheresultwouldbehuge.ZEMalsohasseveralotherinnovationsthathelptomakeitmorecapableofbeingsustained:thecarsframeandpanels(面板)are3Dprintedtoreducewaste;itwasbuiltusingrecycledandrecyclablematerials;anditcanbeeasilytakenapartsothatmanyofitspartscanbereused.ZEMsbatteryisalsoreusableandhasanotherhandyfeature:itcanbechargedwithsolarpanelsonthecarsroof-andcanevenbeusedtoprovidepowertoyourhousewhenthecarisntontheroad.Accordingtothestatisticstransportationwasresponsibleforover20%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissionsinA.persuadepeopletoboycottadvertisingBpraiseadvertisingcompaniesfortheircreativityraisepublicawarenessregardingunreliableadvertisingpromotetheuseofadvertisementsandmarketingmaterial.【2023年湖北省十堰市统考一模】Thesedaystheresagreenversionofjustabouteverything.TherearecarsthatrunonelectricityandalternativefuelshousesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(无人机)ategettinginontheaction.Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhatsgoingonwiththenaturalworldinwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientiststheflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweepingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechangemigrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburningforesttreeswhichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopterrentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird.Suretheresplentyofsatellitefootagealreadyouttherebutdronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywanttogetaquickercloserlookattheareathattheyrelookingtomonitor.In2013forexampletheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)sentadroneintotheTurrialbaVolcanoinCostaRicatogatherdataaboutitsemissions.Thetemperatureashheightandgasconcentrationinformationcollectedduringthemissionhelpedearthscientistsdeterminewhichwaythevolcanicandpotentiallypoisonousgaseruptingfromthevolcanowasmovingandtakestepstolimititsenvironmentalimpact.SimilarlyArcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.Theyusedronesequippedwithinfrared(红夕卜线的)camerastosweepintoplacesthattheymayotherwisenotbeabletoreachtomonitorandcollectdataonthemeltingice.Thesameflyingmachinesmayalsoeventuallybeusedtotransportotherdatacollectiontoolsintothewild.HowdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetextA.Bygivingexamples.B.Bylistingdata.C.Bydrawingadistinction.D.Bymakingassumptions.WhatmainlymakesdronesusedtobetterwatchnatureA.Thehighsafety.B・Thehugespace.C.Therecoverycapabilityafterdamage.D.Theabilitytocollectdataatahighaltitude.WhatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellusaboutdronesA.Theirproductionsteps.B・Theirpracticalfunctions.C.Theirpotentialimpactsontheatmosphere.D.Theirdatasetformotoringtheenvironment.WhichisasuitabletitleforthetextA.Drones:PoisonousB.Drones:Eco-friendlyC.Drones:LimitedD.Drones:Adaptable.【2023年湖南省部分学校高三一模】Talkingtoyourchildrenaboutthemisinformationtheymayfindonlineisagreatidea.Childrendontalwayshavethejudgmentorcriticalthinkingskillstotestwhattheyreadorwatchbuttheylldeveloptheseabilitiesquicklyifyouhelpthemfigureouthowtoseparatefactfromfiction.Wereheretohelpyoudojustthat!Dontwaitforyourkidstoapproachyouwithquestionsinsteadtakeafewminutestositdownwiththem.LetthemknowthattheresalotofcontentoutthereontheInternetandnotallo£itistrue.Witheverythinggoingonintheworldremindyourkidsthattheymightbeseeingalotofconfusingfalseinformationgoingaroundonsocialmediaandotherpartsoftheweb.ItsagoodideatoturnnewsreportsandTVshowsintoteachablemoments.Lookforsmallopportunitiestostarthelpfulconversationsaboutmisinformationwithyourkids.TakeaTVshowornewspaperarticleandtransformitintoahelpfuleasywaytounderstandwhatmisinformationis9andhowtoavoidit.Misinformationcanbereallyupsettingandstressfulforyourkidstothinkabout.Letthemknowthatyourealwaysavailabletolistenandanswertheirquestionsiftheyrefeelingconfused.Reassureyourkidsthattherearenostupidquestionsandthatyourealwayswillingtoexplainsomethingfbrthem.Teachyourkidsafewtrickstofact-checkmisinformationonline.Remindyourkidstobeonthelookoutforstrange-lookingwebsitelikethoseendingwithco.Tellthemtoreadthroughtheheadline.Ifithasalotofmistakesorifitswritteninallcapitalletterstheresagoodchancethatitmightbemisinformation.Additionallyintroduceyourkidstoofficialwebsiteswhicharequickandeasywaystofact-checkinformation.WhyshouldpeopletalktotheirchildrenaboutonlinemisinformationA.ThereisnoinformationholdingtrueonlineB・Thereisnooneelsewillingtoteachthechildren.C.Childrenlacktheabilitytojudgetheinformation.D.Childrencantdevelopthejudgementontheirown.Theapproachmentionedinparagraph4aimsto.A.relievechildrensfinancialburdenapproachchildrenpositivelytohelpthemremindparentstoseizeeverychancetoteachencouragechildrentocommunicatewithparentsWhichofthefollowingismostlikelytobemisinformationApassageonthewebsitewvvvv.i2lst.cn.B・Apassageonthewebsitewww.pep.com.cn.ApassagetitledwithOriginsoftheMandelaEflecf
9.ApassagetitledwithSHOK!GASRANOUTYESTERDAY
6.
11.WhoisthetextintendedforA.Parents.B.Teenagers.C.Students.D.Teachers..【2023年江苏省新高考统考一模】Thearrivalofspringhasseeminglyunchangeableresults-lengtheningdaysblossomingplantsandagreatincreaseinbeesactivity.Butnewresearchfindsthatmanyspeciesofbirdsarenestingandlayingeggsnearlyamonthearlierthantheydidacenturyago.Thesespeciesincludingbluejaysyellowwarblersandfieldsparrowsarenowlayingtheirfirsteggs25daysearlieronaveragethantheywere100yearsagotheresearchhasfound.Theheatingoftheatmosphereduetotheburningoffossilfuelsisseeminglychangingaprocessthatlongappearedunshakeable.ThestudypublishedintheJournalofAnimalEcologydrewuponrecordsofbirdseggsgatheredduringaperiodfromabout1880to1920whenpeoplecouldrampantly(彳昌獗的)collectthemfromnestswithoutpunishment.Theserecordslargelyconsistingofboxesofeggswithhand-writtenlabelsdescribingthetypeofbirdandwhentheeggswerecollectedwerecomparedwithmodernnestingdatacheckedbyresearcherswhousedmirrorsmountedonlongpolestoobservehigh-upnests.Amodelbuiltbytheresearchersrevealedthatbirdsmovingtheirnestingdatesforwardhasbeencloselycorrelatedwithrisingcarbondioxidelevelsintheatmospherealeadingdriverofrisingglobaltemperatures.Birdschoosewhentonestinlinewithotherdevelopmentsinspringsuchasthebudding(发芽)ofplantsandtheincreaseininsectnumbers.Theseinteractionsofnaturearebeingunpickedbyclimatechange一intheUSbearsareemergingfromhibernationearlierandcherrypeachpearappleandplumtreesareblossomingweeksearlierthantheyoncedid.IntheUKplantsfloweredafullmonthearlierbetween1987and2019thantheydidbefore1986recentresearchfound.“Ifyoureabirdandyounestearlieryouputyourselfatriskofthesecoldsnaps(寒流)thatcanstillarriveinspringwhichthenaffectstheplantsandinsectsJsaidBates.Thatthenimpactsthereproductivesuccessofthebirds.Springsarebecomingmorevolatile(反复无常)andthatistakingitstollWhatmightberesponsibleforthebirdsearliernestandlayingeggsA.Lengtheningspringdays.B.Globalwarming.C.Blossomingplants.D.Theincreaseinbees9activity.HowdidtheresearchersgettheirfindingA.Byreferringtopreviousresearches.B・Bymonitoringbirdsbehaviour.C・Byinvestigatingbirdshabitats.D.Bycomparingdatafromdifferentperiods.WhyarebearsandplantsmentionedinPara.6A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Toproveastatement.D.Tomakeaprediction.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takingitstoll“inthelastparagraphmeanA.Upsettingbalanceofnature.B.Shapinglandscape.C.Receivingattention.D.Causingloss.
19.12023届广东省深圳市大湾区高三一模英语试题】Althoughweallexperiencefailureinourliveswedontallreacttoitinthesameway.Aninterestingresearchhasemphasizedthenotionthattherearesomepeoplewhoembracechallengesanddisappointmentsasopportunitiestore-focustheirthinking.Thesearepeoplewithagrowthmindset.Thenthereareotherpeoplewhoseefailureasacompletefailure.Theybelievethattheyneverhadthetalentanywayandtheyprobablyneverwill.Thesearepeoplewithafixedmindset.PsychologistDweckhasstudiedthesemindsetsandprovidedevidencethatmostpeopleintentionallyplacethemselvesinoneofthosetwogroups.Thegrouptowhichyouassignyourselffrequentlydetermineshowyoureacttochallenges.Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveupyouhaveconvenientlyassignedyourselftothefixedgroup.Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstoexthenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.Accordingtotheresearchpeopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.ToillustrateconsiderThomasEdison.Inthe19thcenturyEdisonattemptedtoimprovethelightbulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousandtrialshemanagedtodiscoveranelementsustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim“Itseemsasthoughyouvetriedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileachtime.Whyisthat9Edisonanswered;]havenotfailed.Tvejustfound10000waysthatwontwork.”Instudiesofcreativepeoplepsychologistsdiscoveredthatadistinguishingfeatureseparatingthemfromthenon-creativeisthattheymakelotsofmistakesandcontinuetoworkthroughthem.Mostpeopleconsidersuccessandfailureaspolaropposites.Inrealitytheyarebothpartsofthesameprocess.WhatmightpeoplewithagrowthmindsetagreewithA.Challengesarewelcomed.B・Mistakescanbeavoided.C.Successisduetogoodluck.D.Onlytalentleadstosuccess.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asteppingstone^^inparagraph2refertoA・Aroadtonowhere.B・Achallengeintheway.C.Anoutcometoexpect.D・Achancetoadvance.WhydoestheauthormentionThomasEdisoninparagraph3A.Tomakeaprediction.B・Topresentafact.C・Tosupportaviewpoint.D.Toclarifyaprinciple.WhatisthemainideaofthetextHowpeopleinterpretfailureoftendeterminestheircreativeoutput.Learningfromsuccessplaysanimportantpartinimprovingcreativity.Growthmindsetpeopleseechallengesdifferentlyfromfixedmindsetones.Whichgrouppeopleputthemselvesindecideshowtheyreacttochallenges.
20.12023届广东省惠州市高三一模】Earthquakescannotbeforecastbutengineerscanprepareforthem.Seismic-isolation(土也震B前离)systemsbuiltintothebasesofcertainbuildingsinhigh-riskareasusecomplexstructuresofconcreterubberandmetaltoreducequakedamagebyabsorbingthegroundshorizontalshaking.Butsuchadaptationsareexpensive.EngineerJianZhangoftheUniversityofCaliforniasaysbuildingseismicisolation-systemcanincreaseconstructioncostsbyupto20percent.Althoughthesesystemsmightsavemorethantheycostovertimebuildersinsomeregionsmaynothavethebudgetforthematpresent.Anewseismic-isolationmethodusesthephysicsofrollingtocreatealower-costalternativewithreadilyavailablematerials:recycledtennisballs.EveryoneplaystennisandtheydontknowwhattodowiththetennisballsaftereachgameJsaysETHZurichseismicengineerMichalisVassiliou.Vassiliousteambaseditsmethodonanearlyformofseismic-isolationthatrollsashakingbuildingtoastopthewayaskaterinahalf-pipeeventuallycomestorest.Byseparatingabuildingfromthegroundwithalayerofspheres(球体),rollingisolationchangesunstablehorizontalshakingintoagentlerockingmotion.Thismethodwasusedin5000-year-oIdPeruvianpyramidsbuttodaybuildersfavorexpensivestandardizedisolationsystems.Fortheirmoderntakeonrollingseismic-isolationtheresearchersinjectedconcrete-likemixesintohundredsofballsthathadlosttheirbounce.Theybuiltaninexpensivemodelconsistingoffourfilledtennisballssandwichedbetweentwoconcreteslabs(厚板),andtheyfoundthatitwithstoodearthquakeshakingwhilesupportingeightkilonewtonsofforceperball-abouttwicewhatisolationsystemsmightexperienceunderone-storyhouses.Zhangsaysthattheworkisworthwhileandthatsuchtechnologymightserveanunmetneed.Butshenotesthattheresultsareprimary.Vassiliouagrees;nextstepswillmeancreatingandtestingalargermodelwithhundredsoftennisballsataresearchcenterinearthquake-proneCuba-anexampleofaplacewheresuchsystemscouldmakeisolationpracticableinordinaryconstruction.WhydotheengineersadoptrecycledtennisballsToimprovetheperformanceoftennisballs.Tohelpdealwiththetennisballsaftermatches.Tosimplifythecomplexstructuresofbuildings.Tocuttheexpenseofseismic-isolationbuilding.
13.WhateffectcouldthenewmethodachieveA.Recyclinguselesstennisballs.B.Transformingtheshakingintoagentleone.C.Withstandingearthquakeshaking.D.Enablingahousetosupportmuchmoreforce..WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesZhangsattitudetowardsthenewtechnologyA.Doubtful.B.Unclear.C.Objective.D.Approving..WhatisthemainideaofthetextResearchersarecreatingandtestingmodelsinCuba.Engineersareexploringwaysofearthquakeforecasts.Alow-costdesignhelpsshakingbuildingsrolltoastop.Recycledtennisballscouldprotectbuildingsfromdisasters.2020——andofthoseemissionscarswereresponsiblefor41%.TheEindhoventeamsaysitsgoalistochallengetheelectriccarindustry:If32studentscanbuildacarlikethisinlessthanayearthensurelycarmanufacturers(生产商)areexpectedtoadopttheseinnovationstoo.WhatisspecialaboutZEMItcanendtheworldsCO2release.B・ItcancutthetrucksCO2emissions.ItcanreducethelevelofCO2intheair.ItcanabsorbdirtyairaswellasCO
2.WhydoestheteamrunthecalculationofZEMinparagraph2A.TodemonstrateasuperbvisionofZEMcars.B・ToexplainhowZEMremovesCO2astreesdo.C.Toillustratetheongoingchangeincarmaking.D.ToshowtheinfluenceofZEMonthecarmarket.WhatdoweknowaboutallthecomponentsofZEMA・Theyareofhighquality.B.Theyareeasytoprocess.C.Theyareconvenienttoprint.D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.WhatdoestheEindhoventeamhopetoachieveinthefutureASharpdeclineinfuelconsumption.B.MassproductionofZEMcars.C.Bigsuccessinbeatingothercarmakers.D.Dramaticchangesintransportation.
3.12023届广东省佛山市统考一模】Itsnosecretnowthatthemoretimewespendonsocialmediathemorewefeeldissatisfiedwithourselves.Wetendtocompareourselvestoinfluencesandcelebrities-soitseasytounderstandhowthatcanaffectourconfidence.ButhowoftenhaveyoufoundyourselfcomparingyourlifetoyourfriendsEngagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanbemoredamagingthanlookingatcontentsharedbycelebritiesnewresearchhasfound.Thestudylookingathowsocialmediaaffectsbodyimagefoundthatanysocialmediaengagementwassignificantlyassociatedwithlowerappearancesatisfaction\Additionallyitfoundthatengagingwithcontentpostedbypeopletheparticipantsknewwasmorethantwiceasdamagingaslookingatcontentpostedbystrangersincludingcelebrities.VirenSwamiProfessorofSocialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversitybelievesthisispartlybecauseweknowitshardtoattainthelivesofcelebritiesorinfluencesbutwhenwerecomparingourselvestoourfriendsitfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.“Onepossibleexplanationisthatpeoplemayperceiveapostshowingappearanceasbeingmuchmoreattainableifitcomesfromsomeonetheyknowaddingexpectationorpressureonthepersonengaginginthepost“hesaid.Atthesametimepeoplemaybemorecriticallyengagedwithpostsbythelikesofmodelsandcelebritiesandthereforeperceivetheimagestheysharetobemoreunrealistic/1Thisisnotjustconfinedtobodyimagethough.Weallhaveoneareainourlivesthattriggers(触发)us.Maybeyouvebeensearchingfbranewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmediaenvyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamrole.Maybe...Allthisistosaytheobvious:weonlyseepartofpeopleslives-andifitsgettingyoudownyoureprobablycomparingyourinsidestootherpeoplesoutsides.Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectfbranyone.Soputdownyourphonegetofflinebethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.WhatdidthenewstudyfindSocialmediainvitesunfavorablecomments.Friends9postsaffectusmorethancelebrities
9.Celebritieshaveanegativeinfluenceonourlife.Bodyimagecausesmoreconcernthansociallife.WhyarewemorelikelytocomparewithourfriendsaccordingtoSwamiTheyserveasrolemodels.Weknowthewaytheylive.Theirlifestylesareaccessible.Wearecuriousabouttheirlife.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6probablymeanRestricted.Related.Devoted.Exposed.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledoA・Findyourdreamandfightforit.B・Stopcomparingandbeyourself.Begratefulandleadaperfectlife.Stopcomplainingandgetdowntowork.
4.12023届河北省唐山市保定市2地统考一模】PreferyourcoffeeblackThenyouprobablylikedarkbitterchocolateaccordingtonewresearchidentifyingagenetic(基因的)basisfbrthosepreferences.IfthatsyouthencongratulationsyouaretheluckygeneticwinnerofafeaturethatmayofferyouaboosttowardgoodhealthaccordingtocaffeineresearcherMarilynCornelisanassociateprofessorofpreventivemedicineatNorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine.Studiesfindappropriateamountsofblackcoffeebetween3and5cupsdailyhasbeenshowntolowertheriskofcertaindiseasesincludingParkinsonsheartdiseasesType2diabetesandseveraltypesofcancer.Butthosebenefitsarelikelytobemorepronouncedifthecoffeeisfreeofallofthemilksugarsandotherfatteningflavoringswetendtoadd.“Weknowtheresgrowingevidencesuggestingthere7sabeneficialimpactofcoffeeconsumptiononhealth.Butreadingbetweenthelinesanyoneadvisingsomeonetoconsumecoffeewouldtypicallyadvisethemtoconsumeblackcoffeeduetothedifferencebetweenconsumingblackcoffeeandcoffeewithmilkandsugar/Cornelissaid.Oneisnaturallycaloriefree.Thesecondcanaddpossiblyhundredsofcaloriestoyourcoffeeandthehealthbenefitscouldbequitedifferent.sheadded.InpreviousresearchCornelisandherteamdiscoveredthatageneticvariant(变异)maycontributetowhysomepeopleenjoymanycupsofcoffeeadaywhileothersdonot.Peoplewiththegenemetabolize(新陈代谢)caffeinefastersothestimulatingeffectswearofffasterandtheyneedtodrinkmorecoffeeshesaid.InanewstudypublishedinScientificReports.Cornelisanalyzedmoreprecisetypesofcoffeedrinkersseparatingblackcoffeeloversfromcreamandsugar(ormore)lovers.“Wefoundcoffeedrinkerswiththegeneticvariantthatreflectsafastermetabolismofcaffeinepreferbitterblackcoffee“Cornelissaid.“Wealsofoundthesamegeneticvariantinpeoplewhopreferplainteaoversweetenedandbitterdarkchocolateoverthemoremellowmilkchocolate.^^
8.WhydosomepeoplepreferbitterchocolateA.Theyareaffectedbytheirgenes.B・Theyknowitbenefitstheirhealth.Theyvegotthehabitsincechildhood.Theyareinfluencedbytheirfriends.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordpronounced“inparagraph2probablymeanA.Complex.B.Changeable.C.Obvious.D.Fundamental.WhatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphA.Peopleoftengivemisleadingsuggestions.B・Peopleshouldchoosecalorie-freecoffee.Theeffectofcoffeeonhealthisoverstated.Sugarandmilkaredamagingourhealthsecretly.
11.WhatsthetextmainlyaboutA.Howtokeephealthy.B.Howtomakecoffee.C.Whychocolategetspopular.D.Whypeoplelikeblackcoffee.
5.12023届河北省名校联考一模】Scientiststodayareconcernedaboutthegrowingnumberofspeciesintheworldthatmaysoonbecomeextinct.TheUnitedNationsalongwithmanygovernmentsaretryingtosavetheseendangeredspecies.Tohelpresolvethisissuescientistshavebeentryingtolearnwhyspeciesbecomeendangered.IntheUnitedStateslossofhabitatsisthemainreasonforspeciesbecomingendangered.Aspopulationsgrowandcitiesortownsexpandnatureisdestroyedandtheecosystemisaffected.Evensmallchangesinonepartofanecosystemcanhaveabigimpactonanotherpartofit.Forexampledeforestationmayresultinachangeingroundtemperaturewhichmaykilloffacertainkindofplantintheforest.Animalsthateatthisplantmaysuddenlyfindthatthereisnoavailablefoodsotheystarvetodeath.Anotherpossiblecauseofendangeredorextinctspeciesisclimatechangeandrisingsealevels.AstheEarthgetswannerthishasprofoundeffectsonanimalandplantlifeeverywhere.Forexamplerisingsealevelsmakecoastalareasunfitforbirdstolivein.Warmertemperaturesmelttheicewherepolarbearslivewreckingtheirhabitatandmakingitharderforthemtofindfood.Therisingseasalsomakeitharderforpolarbearstoswimfromthecoldwaterstofrozenpacksoficesomanyofthemdrown.Thereareseveralwaysthatpeoplearetryingtohelpendangeredspeciesrecover.Ecologistsstudydifferentspeciesandtrytofindoutmoreinformationaboutthemtotryandhelp.InFinlandforexamplescientistsfoundthataadecreaseinthenumberofbogs(沼泽)wasresponsibleforthefallingbutterflypopulation.Oncetheyunderstoodthistheycouldmanagethebutterflypopulationandhelpitrecover.Governmentsarealsopassinglawstoprotectendangeredanimals.OneexampleofthisisanareanearHawaiiwithaseriouslylowfishpopulation.TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthasmadeitillegalfbrfishingboatstoenterthisarea.
8.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2MostendangeredspeciesarelocatedintheUnitedStates.CitiesandtownsintheUnitedStatesaregrowingtoofast.C.Ecosystemchangescanresultinhabitatlossandanimaldeath.D・Moretreesneedtobeplantedtopreventanimalsfromdyingout.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordwrecking“inparagraph3mean
11.WhatwilltheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollowsA.Someotherwaystohelpendangeredspeciesrecover.B・Abriefdiscussionofpolarbearsandtheirdiethabits.TheimpactoffishinglawsonthedevelopmentofHawaii.Variousopinionsanddebatesconcerningthecauseofglobalwarming.
6.12023届湖南省郴州市一模】Searchandrescueteamsareoftenaccompaniedbymansbestfriend.Adogssuperiorsenseofsmellcanbecriticaltofindingsurvivorsburiedunderfallenbuildings.Butnowanewanimalisbeingtrainedtoassistsearchandrescueteamsafteranearthquakehitsanditstherat.TheserescueratsarebeingtrainedbyDr.DonnaKeanaresearcherfromGlasgowScotlandwhohasbeenworkingwithratsforyears.KeanexplainedwhysheandhercolleaguesatthenonprofitAPOPOtrainratsinsteadofdogs.Theratshaveacomparablesenseofsmellandtheyrejustastrainableasdogs.shesaid.“Theirsizeisusefulbecausetheywillbeabletomovethroughdifferentenvironmentsthatdogsjustwouldntbeableto.”Atthemomenttheratsarewearinghomemadebackpacksthatcontainmicrophonesvideoequipmentandlocationtrackersandthenscientistsaresendingtheseratsintomockdebris(模拟的废墟).Ratswouldbeabletogetintosmallspacestogettovictimsburiedintheruins.Wehavenotbeeninarealsituationyet.wehavegotamockdebrissite.Whenwetrackthebackpackwewillbeabletohearfromwheretheratisinsidethedebris.Keansaid.Wehavethepotentialtospeaktovictimsthroughtherat.”Researcherstrainthemonabasicseriesofbehavior.Trainingstartsoffinareallybasicenvironment:asmallandemptyroom.Thentheygraduallyexpandandincreasethecomplexityinordertomakeitlikereallife.Theycanstartaddingindebrisandmakingthetrainingarealookmorelikeanactualcollapsedbuildingsite.Thetrainingjuststartedandresearchersstillhavetoruntrainingtrialsoutsidetheresearchenvironment.TheyareworkingwithasearchandrescuegroupcalledGEAwhoarebasedinTurkeyacountrywithfrequentearthquakesandhopingthatbynextyeartheyllbeabletotaketheratstoTurkeyfortrials.WhatadvantagedoratshaveoverdogsintherescueworkA.Theyareeasiertotrain.B・Theyhaveabettersenseofsmell.C.Theyaremoreflexiblewithasmallersize.D.Theyadapttonewenvironmentsmorequickly.WhatfunctionisexpectedofthebackpackA.Toguideratstofindsurvivors.B・Toprotectratsfrombeinginjured.C.Toprovidesomefoodfortrappedpeople.D.Tohelprescuerscommunicatewithvictims.Whatisparagraph4mainlyaboutA.Theprocessoftrainingtherats.B・Thedifficultyofconductingexperiments.C.Theratsbehaviourinrealcollapsedsites.D.Theimportanceoftheresearchenvironment.WhatwillresearchersplantodonextA.Useratsforrescueworkonalargescale.B・SendratstoTurkeyforfieldexperiments.Conductfurtherstudyondisasterprevention.DevelopthetrackingtechnologytoassistGEA.
7.【江苏苏北四市2023年统考一模】Animalscanadaptquicklytosurviveunfavorableenvironmentalconditions.Evidenceismountingtoshowthatplantscantoo.ApaperpublishedinthejournalTrendsinPlantSciencedetailshowplantsarerapidlyadaptingtotheeffectsofclimatechangeandhowtheyarepassingdowntheseadaptationstotheiroffspring(后代).Plantsarefacingmoreenvironmentalstressesthanever.Forexampleclimatechangeismakingwintersshorterinmanylocationsandplantsareresponding.ManyplantsrequireaminimumperiodofcoldinordertosetuptheirenvironmentalclocktodefinetheirfloweringtimeJsaysMartinelliaplantgeneticistattheUniversityofFlorence.Ascoldseasonsshortenplantshaveadaptedtorequireshorterperiodsofcoldtodelayflowering.Thesemechanismsallowplantstoavoidfloweringinperiodswhentheyhavefeweropportunitiestoreproduce.”Becauseplantsdonthaveneural(神经的)networkstheirmemoryisbasedentirelyoncellular(细胞的)molecular(分子的)andbiochemicalnetworks.Thesenetworksmakeupwhattheresearcherscallsomaticmemory(体细胞记忆).“Itallowsplantstorecognizetheoccurrenceofapreviousenvironmentalconditionandtoreactaccordingly“saysMartinelli.Thesesomaticmemoriescanthenbepassedtotheplantsoffspringviaepigenetics(表现遗传).“Severalexamplesdemonstratetheexistenceofmolecularmechanismsmodulatingplantmemorytoenvironmentalstressesandaffectingtheadaptationofoffspringtothesestresses/9saysMartinelli.GoingforwardMartinellihopestounderstandevenmoreaboutthegenesthatarebeingpasseddown.WeareparticularlyinterestedindecodingtheepigeneticalphabetwithoutchangesinDNAsequence(序歹ij)jhesays.“Thisisespeciallyimportantwhenweconsidertherapidclimatechangeweobservetodaythateverylivingorganismincludingplantsneedstoquicklyadapttosurvive.^^
28.WhatadaptationshaveplantsmadetoshortenedcoldseasonsA.Theyhaveshortenedtheirfloweringtime.B・Theyhavegotmorechancestoreproduce.Theyhaveavoidedfloweringincoldseasons.Theyhaveadjustedtheirenvironmentalclock.
29.WhatcanwelearnaboutsomaticmemoryA.Itisentirelybasedonneuralnetworks.B・Itcanhelptheplantsoffspringtosurvive.Itcanhelprelieveenvironmentalstresses.Itdisturbstheplants9biochemicalnetworks.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmodulatingmeaninparagraph4A.Adjusting.B.Treasuring.C.Recording.D.Sharing.WhichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetextA.PlantsaresmartaboutfloweringtimeB・Plantscanalsoadapttoclimatechange。