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高三英语的语法学问点归纳高二英语在整个中学英语中占有特殊重要的地位,既是高二又是整个中学阶段的重难点,所以要保持良好的学习心态和正确的学习方法下面就是我给大家带来的高三英语语法学问点,盼望对大家有所帮助!高三英语语法学问点1
一、不定式做主语
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作===动名词doing表示习惯的常常的动作e.g:Tofinishthebuildinginamonthisdifficult.Todosuchthingsisfoolish.Toseeistobelieve.对等注:
1.不定式作主语时,谓语用单数当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面it做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于以下构造中lltis/was+adj.+ofsb.todo...Itis+adj.+forsb.+todo...Itiseasy/difficult/hard/foolish/unwise/right/wrong/unnecessaryitis+a+名词+todo...Itisapity/apleasure/apleasantthing/onesduty/anhonor/ashame/acrime/noeasyjob...todoIttakessb.sometime/courage/patience...todo...Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork...todo...留意probable和possible均可作表语但possible可以用不定式作真实主语,而probable不能用不定式作真实主语Itisprobableforhimtocometothemeeting.错Itispossibleforhimtocometothemeeting.Itispossible/probablethathewillcometothemeeting.高三英语语法学问点2
一、非谓语动词“非谓语动词〃可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词.它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语主语补语或宾语补语.有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语.这些动词归纳如下一感feel.二听hearjistento三让haveletmake四看seewatChnoticeobserve再力口上helpsomebodytodosomething和美国英语lookatsomebodydosomthing.还有〃二让〃属特殊getsomebodytodosomething与keepsomebodydoing而有些及物动词后面接动名词the-ingform作宾语.这些动词归纳为一句话PapaCmakesfriends.这是由如下动词的开头字母组成permitadvisepractiseavoidconsidermindallowkeepenjoysuggestfinishriskimagineescapeneeddelaystand忍受.为了简洁记住也可以编成顺口溜“允许完成练习建议幸免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,宠爱保持想象,须要反对忍受〃.其相对应的动词依次是permit/allowfinishpractise;advise/suggestavoidrisk considerdelayescape/miss;enjoy/appreciatekeepimagine;need/want/requiremind.canthelp/cantstand.
二、复合句
1、学生最简洁混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区分.例如A、Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.(同位语从句)B、Thenewsthathetoldussurprisedeverybodyhere.(定语从句)关键的区分在于连接或关系代词that有意义的是定语,无意义的是同位.因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或宾语而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用.
2、接着简洁混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与which that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词卜(形容词)级which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性).例如A、Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.B、ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.CIhavelostmypenwhichIlikeverymuch.D、Thehouseinfrontofwhichthereisagardenismyhome.
三、It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语.而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)那么放于谓语或表语之后.例如Itisnoreasytofinishtheworkintwodays.然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语.这些表语是无助(nhelp)、无用(nouse)、没好处(nogood);工作(hardwork)、费时(awasteoftime)、又紧急(adanger).例如A、Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.BItisawasteoftimewaitingforhim.
2、It还可以作形式宾语.通常以下动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm(findfeelthinktakeconsiderjudgemake).例如A、Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.
3、It用于强调句式.要强调句子的某一局部(主语、宾语、状语),可以把it当作先行词.这种句子的构造是ltis(was)+被强调局部+that(who)+句子的其余局部.例如A、ItiSProfessorLinwhoteachesusEnglish—(强调主语)B、ItwasinShanghaithatIsawthefilm.一(强调状语)C、Itwasin11010thatIworkedinthefactory.(同上)但要留意与定语从句的区分.例如D、Itwas11010whenIworkedinthefactory.(定语从句)在强调句式里,我们把强调构造Itis(was)...that除去,句子还很完整.如例句C.而例句D就不能.
四、倒装构造学生简洁混淆的是全部倒装与局部倒装.如何区分之,编个顺口溜副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒装,其它句式局部倒;否认提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不倒装的属特殊.下面举例说明A、Herecomesthebus.(副词提前,全倒装)B、Herehecomes.(代词作主语,不倒装)C、Infrontofthehouseliesagarden.(介词短语提前,全倒装)D、NevershallIdothisagain.(否认词提前局部倒装)EYoungasheisheknowsalot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装)FOnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.(only修饰状语主句倒装)GOnlyhecansavethepatient.(only修饰主语.不倒装)HNotonlywillhelpbegiventopeoplebutalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovided.(否认词提前,局部倒装)I、Notonlyhebutalsowelikesports.(连接两个主语不倒装)
五、虚拟语气虚拟语气也是一个难点.所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、假设、推想或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实.它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示.现归纳如下纯假设,用虚拟,动词时态退一级条件句,分主从,主句谓语前加would(shouldcouldmight);表愿望,用虚拟wish后面接宾语(从句)此时此刻过去与将来,动词时态退一级提建议,用虚拟,宾语(从句)动词用(should)do俩建议,三要求,再加坚持与叮嘱(suggestadvisedemandrequirerequestinsistorder)Itistime和eoukdrather后接丛句用虚拟局部主语从句中,谓语用虚拟构造(Itisnecessry/important/natural/natural/strange/strangethatshoulddo).下面举例说明AIfyoucametomorrowwewouldhavethemetting.(条件句虚拟)BWithoutairtherewouldbenolivingthings.(同上)Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.(表示愿望虚拟)Hedemandedthatweshouldstartrightaway.表示建议虚拟E、ItishightimethatweleftshouldEavenow.特殊从句虚拟F、Iwouldratheryougavemethebook.同上G、Itisnecessarythatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday主语从句虚拟H、HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhewereEnglish.特殊从句虚拟高三英语语法学问点3宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词及物动词或介词之后.作动词的宾语1由that引导的宾语从句that通常可以省略,例如Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了2由whatwhetherif引导的宾语从句例如Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened她不知道发生了什么Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记3动词+间接宾语+宾语从句例如Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她对我说她会承受我的邀请.作介词的宾语,例如Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作.作形容词的宾语,例如IamafraidthatIvemadeamistake.我生怕我已经犯了一个错误留意:that引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语anxiousawarecertainconfidentconvinceddeterminedgladproudsurprisedworriedsorrythankfulashameddisappointedannoyedpleasedhurtsatisfiedcontent等也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作缘由状语从句.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句那么放在句尾,特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中例如Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了.后边不能干脆跟that从句的动词这类动词有allowrefuseletlikecauseforceadmirecondemncelebratedislikelovehelptakeforgive等这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不行以用that引导的宾语从句如正确表达Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.错误表达Iadmirethattheywonthematch..不行用that从句作干脆宾语的动词有些动词不行用于动词+间接宾语+that从句〃构造中,常见的有envyorderaccuserefuseimpressforgiveblamedenounceadvisecongratulate等例如正确表达Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.错误表达Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman..否认的转移假设主句谓语动词为thinkconsidersupposebelieveexpectfancyguessimagine等,其后的宾语从句假设含有否认意义,一般要把否认词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用确定式例如Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般构造是“主语+连系动词+表语从句〃可以接表语从句的连系动词有belookremainseem等引导表语从句的that常可省略另外,常用的还有thereasonisthat...和Itisbecause等构造例如Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.Thisiswhywecantgetthesupportofthepeople.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步说明,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导例如Thekingsdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral..同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开例如HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff..同位语从句与定语从句的区分
(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分
(2)定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的其功能是对名词进展补充说明例如ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(他告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出国)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)高三英语语法学问点。