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主谓一致一>基本概念主谓一致Subject-VerbAgreement指主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系以下三个原则的支配>语法一致原则>意义一致原则>就近原则.语法一致原则即主语为单数形式时,谓语动词使用单数形式;主语为复数形式时谓语动词使用复数形式Forexample:Tomisagoodstudent.(汤姆是个好学生)Weoftenplayfootballontheplayground..意义一致原则指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的具体意义,而不取决于表面上的形式Forinstance:Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.(我们一^家人现在正在吃午饭)强调的是家庭成员,看作复数Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.(这本书20美元太贵了).就近原则指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成,谓语动词的单复数形式与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致Forexample:Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.(课桌上有一支4冈笔守口一些书)•Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.1不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应视为单数,谓语动词用单数形式;但如果主语为and连接的两个不定式、动名词以及从句时谓语用复数形式Readingoftenmeanslearning.阅读常意味着学习ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoesyoualotofgood.Havingenoughsleepanddoingregularexercisearebeneficialtoyourhealth.例题Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildrenastronginfluenceonthecharacterofthechildren.A.haveB.hasC.havingD.tohave答案B2当主语由and连接,表示同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,此时and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词Thecomposerandsingerwaswellreceivedbytheaudience.刃口个作曲家兼歌手受到了听众的认可3由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有eacheverymanyanno时,谓语动词用单数Eachbookandeachpaperisfoundinitsplace.每本书和每份报纸各居其位Noteacherandnostudentwashere.没有一个老师和学生在这里注意以manya或morethanone修饰的单数名词后面的谓语用单数形式,但其意义是复数性的eacheveryeachandeveryeitherneitheroneanotherlittlealittle和much作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词通常用单数•Eachofushasatape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机注意“复数主语+each”之后用复数动词Weeachhaveourmerits.=Wehaveourmeritseach.everyoneeverybodyeverythinganyoneanybodyanythingsomeonesomebodysomethingnobodynothing作主语时,用单数动词•Anyonebutyouiswelcome.除了你,任何人都受欢迎nonesomeanymoremostall等代词作主语时,动词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定Allisright.Allarepresent.“allnonemostmajoritypartenoughsomeonehalftheresttheremainder+of../5短语或者morethan...作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式通常由所修饰的名词、代词的数决定Enoughofthedatahavebeencollected.已经收集了足够多的数据data为datum的复数形式Morethanonepersonisgoingtolosehisjob.不止一个人会失去工作Morethan500peoplearegoingtolosetheirjobs.500多人会失去工作注意oneof+复数名词+单谓语,如Oneofthestudentsisfromthesouth.oneof+复数名词+定语从句(从句动词用复数),如Heisoneoftheboyswhoarereadytohelpothers.the(only)oneof+名词(复数)+定语从句,从句中谓语动词用单数,表示众多中只有一个,如Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhocomesearly.anumberof和thenumberofThenumberofthestudentsintheschoolis
1250.Anumberofstudentsarewaitingoutsidethegate.8)当中心词为度量、距离、时间、价格等复数名词的时候,谓语动词采用单数形式Twomilesisashortdistance.两英里路很近9)当主语后面况艮有includingwithtogetherwithalongwithlikeaswellasratherthanasmuchasmorethan等连接的短语谓语动词不受这些词组的影响,与前面的主语一致HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我都想去戈U船Anexperttogetherwithsomeassistantswassenttohelpinthiswork.一位专家和几位助手被派去协助这项工作10)就近原贝h以连i司oreither...ornorneither...nornotonly...but(also)...连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语与其相邻的保持一致YouorIamgoingtomeetProf.Liatthestation.Amongtheboysoneortwoareabletojump
1.6metres.NeitherMarynorherparentswereinvitedtotheparty.例题Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurtherbecause_goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.NeitheryounorIareNeitheryounormeisNeitheryounorIamNeithermenoryouare答案cll)“the+adj.”结构起名词作用时如果这个结构表示的是一类人,谓语动词用复数形式,如果这个结构表示抽象概念(或具体的某个人),谓语用单数形式TheoldarebeingtakengoodcareofTheunexpectedwasnotpreventedinthosedays.12)表示重量、距离、金钱、一^殳时间及由oneandahalf修饰的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式Twentydollarsisntenoughtobuythebook.Tenmilesisntlong.Fivetimesfiveistwenty-five.Oneandahalfapplesislyingontheplate相关练习:MultipleChoice.Nobodybutthemtoknowaboutthematter.A.wantB.wantsC.havewantedD.werewanted
2.20%oftheworkofthewholeyearfinishedbytheirgrouplastmonth.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wereD.was.Aknifeandforkonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen.Neitherhisparentsnorhiswifeanythingaboutit.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown.Fivedollarstoomuchforaticket.A.seemsB.seemC.seemtobeD.are.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentsthechange.A.objecttoB.objectstoC.objectD.objects.Everymeanstriedsincethen.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.areD.is.Thispairoftrousersmysister.A.isbelongtoB.arebelongC.belongtoD.belongsto.OurteamdefeatedbytheirslastSunday.A.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.havebeen答案BDABAAADA。