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宾语从句和表语从句详解名词性从句指的是在整个句子中起名词作用的从句这种从句可以做主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句各种名词性从句的结构都是相同的,即由ifwhetherthat和各种疑问词充当连接词,后接陈述语序例如Whattheyaredoingseemsveryimportant.主语从句他们在做的事似乎很重要Myhopeisthathewillbethebeststudentintheclass.表语从句我的愿望是他能够成为班上最好的学生Nobodyknowswhoheis.宾语从句大家都不知道他是谁Idontliketheideathatmoneyiseverything.同位语从句我不喜欢金钱就是一切这一观点引导名词性从句的连接词中,除了thatif和whether之外其它的都作从句中的一个成分【宾语从句】在句子中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫做宾语从句引导宾语从句的词有连词thatwhetherif;连接代词whowhichwhat以及其强调形式whoeverwhicheverwhatever;连接副词whenwherewhyhow等例如DoyouknowwheretheGreensliveIhavenointerestinhowrichheis.宾语从句主要用于下面五种结构.由that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时,特别是在口语中可省略Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.that弓I导的宾语从句多用于saythinkinsistwishhopedemandimaginewonderknowsupposeseebelieveagreeadmitdenyexpectexplainordercommandfeeldreamsuggesthearmeannoticepreferrequestrequireproposedeclarereport等后当主句谓语动词是thinkbelievesupposeexpect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示例如Idontthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.=Ithinkitisnotrightforhim....that不能省略的情况1当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省如Hesaidthatyouweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省如JustthenInoticedforthefirsttimethatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省如Icanttellhimthathismotherdied..由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序用于这种结构的动词常常是seesaytellaskanswerknowdecideshowfindoutimaginesuggestdoubtwonderdiscoverunderstandinformadvise等IcantdecidewhichbookIshouldbuy..Swhetherif引导的宾语从句Iwonderwhetheriftheywillcometoourparty.由whetherif引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的意思是是否〃宾语从句要用陈述句语序一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用.宾语从句后带有宾补时,需用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在句后,这时that不省略例如Hethoughtitwrongthattheyleftthechildaloneathome.注意1从句的语序.DoyouknowwherenowA.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive答案A.CanyoutellmewhattimeA.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves答案C总结宾语从句/表语从句的语序用语序连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分但Mymotheraskedwhatwasthematterwithme.注意2从句时态问题Iknowheliveshere.Iknewhelivedthere.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.Theteachertoldusshewasbornin
1980..主句用现在时或将来时,从句可用任何时态,根据实际情况而定.如果主句是过去的时态,从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时•一般过去时:过去进行时过去将来时,过去完成时.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时,仍用一•般现在时.从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍用一般过去时【表语从句】在句子中作表语的从句叫做表语从句引导表语从句的词有连词thatwhether;连接代词whowhatwhich;连接副词whenwherehowwhy以及其它连词asifasthoughbecause等例如Thequestioniswhetheritisworthreading.TheyarejustwhatIwant.Thatswhytheywerelate..含有表语从句的复合句中的主语通常是facttruthexplanationproblemopinionview等如:Thefactisthatfishcantgowithoutwater.事实是鱼离开水不能存活.asifasthough也可以用于表语从句但多是以下面形式出现主语+lookseemasif+从句如Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.Itseemsasiftherewillbeaquarrelsoon.注意不用if引导表语从句reason做主语时,表语从句应由that引导,不用becausethat引导表语从句时,通常不能省略专项练习—IflewtoNewYorkforthetalkshowonTVlastweek.—IsthatyouhadafewdaysoffA.whyB.whenC.whatD.whereIaskhercomewithme.CanyoutellmetherailwaystationA.howIcangettoB.whatcanIgettoC.whereIcangottoD.wherecanIgettoItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
7.DoyouknowA.whatishisnameB.howishisnameC.whathisnameisD.howhisnameisGoandgetyourcoat.Itsyouleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere
9.Iwonderhowmuch.A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcostsItwashesaiddisappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;whatIsMaryfromNewYorkCityIdontknowfromwhatcitydoesshecomefromfromwhatcityshecomewhatcitydoesshecomefromwhatcityshecomesfromHenrykilledthedog.IllaskhimwhyA.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdonesoHaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknowhowheisgettingalonghowishegettingalongwhatheisgettingalongwhatishegettingalongIamsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhatYoucantimaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedWhytheexplosionoccurredwasthelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.thatWegavehimhelpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.thisExcusemewouldyoupleasetellmewhenthesportsmeetistakenplacewhenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldwhenisthesportsmeettobeginwhenthesportsmeetistotakeplaceThisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.howyouhaveobservedhowwhatyouhaveobservedthatyouhaveobservedhowthatyouhaveobservedWheredoyouthinkA.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washe参考答案A由句子结构得知,空白处应选能在表语从句中作状语的连接副词,A.B.D.三个答案均能满足这一要求,但根据句意应选Awhy为连接副词,在表语从句中作原因状语A宾语从句作ask的直接宾语,应用陈述句语序A空白处在宾语从句中做主语,因而可首先排除C、D两项whoever=anyonewho与题意不符,故答案为AC宾语从句应用陈述句语序你能告诉我那位绅士是谁吗?〃A问路应该说HowcanIgetto…,宾语从句应用陈述句语序,故选AB空白处为want的宾语,应选用连接代词,而whichever常用作定语whatever=anythingthat故答案为BC
8.B
9.DAwhathesaid在复合句中做主语,that是强调句用法D
12.B
13.AD在作表语的形容词后的宾语从句中的that不可省略B这是一个由how引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序,故答案为BD表语从句中的that不可省略B
18.D
19.B
20.C。