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高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:呼吁暂停开发更先进人工智能【原标题】ElonMuskandOthersCallforPauseonA.I.CitingProfoundRiskstoSociety【原文】Morethan1000technologyleadersandresearchersincludingElonMuskzhaveurgedartificialintelligencelabstopausedevelopmentofthemostadvancedsystemswarninginanopenletterthatA.I.toolspresentz/profoundriskstosocietyandhumanity//A.I.developersare“lockedinanout-of-controlracetodevelopanddeployevermorepowerfuldigitalmindsthatnoone—noteventheircreators—canunderstandpredictorreliablycontrol“accordingtotheletterwhichthenonprofitFutureofLifeInstitutereleasedonWednesday.OtherswhosignedtheletterincludeSteveWozniakaco-founderofApple;AndrewYanganentrepreneuranda2020presidentialcandidate;andRachelBronsonthepresidentoftheBulletinoftheAtomicScientistswhichsetstheDoomsdayClock.Thesethingsareshapingourworld“saidGaryMarcus包括埃隆•马斯克在内的1000多名技术领袖和研究人员敦促人工智能实验室暂停最先进系统的开发,并在一封公开信中警告称,人工智能工具〃对社会和人类构成了巨大风险〃A.I.developersare“lockedinanout-of-controlracetodevelopanddeployevermorepowerfuldigitalmindsthatnoone—noteventheircreators-canunderstandpredictorreliablycontrol/accordingtotheletterwhichthenonprofitFutureofLifeInstitutereleasedonWednesday.非营利组织生命未来研究所周三发布的这封信称,人工智能开发人员〃正处于一场失控的竞赛中,以开发和部署越来越强大的数字思维,而没有人——甚至他们的创造者——能够理解、预测或可靠地控制这些思维〃OtherswhosignedtheletterincludeSteveWozniakaco-founderofApple;AndrewYanganentrepreneuranda2020presidentialcandidate;andRachelBronsonthepresidentoftheBulletinoftheAtomicScientistswhichsetstheDoomsdayClock.签署这封信的其他人包括苹果公司联合创始人史蒂夫・沃兹尼亚克;AndrewYang企业家,2020年总统候选人;以及RachelBronson《原子科学家公报》的主席该报设定了世界末日时钟“Thesethingsareshapingourworld“saidGaryMarcusanentrepreneurandacademicwhohaslongcomplainedofflawsinA.I.systemsinaninterview.Wehaveaperfectstormofcorporateirresponsibilitywidespreadadoptionlackofregulationandahugenumberofunknowns/7〃这些事情正在塑造我们的世界「长期抱怨人工智能系统缺陷的企业家和学者加里•马库斯在接受采访时说〃我们面临着一场完美的风暴,包括企业不负责任、广泛采用、缺乏监管和大量未知因素〃A.I.powerschatbotslikeChatGPTMicrosoftzsBingandGooglesBardzwhichcanperformhumanlikeconversationscreateessaysonanendlessvarietyoftopicsandperformmorecomplextaskslikewritingcomputercode.人工智能为ChatGPT微软的Bing和谷歌的Bard等聊天机器人提供了动力,它们可以进行类似人类的对话,就各种各样的主题撰写文章,并执行更复杂的任务,如编写计算机代码Thepushtodevelopmorepowerfulchatbotshasledtoaracethatcoulddeterminethenextleadersofthetechindustry.Butthesetoolshavebeencriticizedforgettingdetailswrongandtheirabilitytospreadmisinformation.开发更强大的聊天机器人的努力导致了一场可能决定科技行业下一任领导者的竞赛但这些工具因细节错误以及传播错误信息的能力而受到批评TheopenlettercalledforapauseinthedevelopmentofA.I.systemsmorepowerfulthanGPT-4thechatbotintroducedthismonthbytheresearchlabOpenAIwhichMr.Muskco-founded.ThepausewouldprovidetimetointroducesharedsafetyprotocolsforA.I.systemsthelettersaid.Ifsuchapausecannotbeenactedquicklygovernmentsshouldstepinandinstituteamoratorium/7itadded.这封公开信呼吁暂停开发比GPT-4更强大的人工智能系统,GPT-4是马斯克共同创立的研究实验室OpenAI本月推出的聊天机器人信中表示,暂停将为人工智能系统引入〃共享安全协议〃提供时间它补充道〃如果这种暂停不能迅速实施,政府应该介入并实施暂停DevelopmentofpowerfulA.I.systemsshouldadvance“onlyonceweareconfidentthattheireffectswillbepositiveandtheirriskswillbemanageable/thelettersaid.信中说,〃只有当我们确信它们的效果是积极的,风险是可控的〃,强大的人工智能系统的开发才能取得进展“HumanitycanenjoyaflourishingfuturewithA.I.〃thelettersaid.〃HavingsucceededincreatingpowerfulA.I.systemswecannowenjoyanA.I.summerinwhichwereaptherewardsengineerthesesystemsfortheclearbenefitofallandgivesocietyachancetoadapt/信中写道〃有了人工智能,人类可以享受繁荣的未来〃在成功创建了强大的人工智能系统后,我们现在可以享受一个‘人工智能之夏’,在这个夏天我们可以收获回报,为所有人的明确利益设计这些系统,并给社会一个适应的机会〃ForyearsmanyA.I.researchersacademicsandtechexecutivesincludingMr.MuskhaveworriedthatA.I.systemscouldcauseevengreaterharm.SomearepartofavastonlinecommunitycalledrationalistsoreffectivealtruistswhobelievethatA.Icouldeventuallydestroyhumanity.多年来,包括马斯克在内的许多人工智能研究人员、学者和科技高管一直担心人工智能系统可能会造成更大的伤害一些人是一个名为理性主义者或有效利他主义者的庞大网络社区的一部分,他们认为a.I最终可能毁灭人类TheletterwasshepherdedbytheFutureofLifeInstituteanorganizationdedicatedtoresearchingexistentialriskstohumanitythathaslongwarnedofthedangersofartificialintelligence.Butitwassignedbyawidevarietyofpeoplefromindustryandacademia.这封信是由生命未来研究所领导的,该组织致力于研究人类生存风险,长期以来一直警告人工智能的危险但它是由来自工业界和学术界的各种各样的人签署的ThoughsomewhosignedtheletterareknownforrepeatedlyexpressingconcernsthatA.I.coulddestroyhumanityothersincludingMr.Marcusaremoreconcernedaboutitsnear-termdangersincludingthespreadofdisinformationandtheriskthatpeoplewillrelyonthesesystemsformedicalandemotionaladvice.尽管一些签署这封信的人以反复表达对人工智能可能毁灭人类的担忧而闻名,但包括马库斯在内的其他人更担心人工智能的近期危险,包括虚假信息的传播,以及人们依赖这些系统获得医疗和情感建议的风险Theletter“showshowmanypeoplearedeeplyworriedaboutwhatisgoingonsaidMr.Marcuswhosignedtheletter.Hebelievestheletterwillbeaturningpoint.ItthinkitisareallyimportantmomentinthehistoryofA.I.—andmaybehumanity/1hesaid.签署这封信的马库斯说,这封信〃表明有多少人对正在发生的事情深感担忧〃他相信这封信将是一个转折点他说〃它认为这是人工智能历史上一个非常重要的时刻,也许也是人类历史上的一个时刻Heacknowledgedhoweverthatthosewhohadsignedthelettermightfinditdifficulttopersuadethewidercommunityofcompaniesandresearcherstoputamoratoriuminplace.Theletterisnotperfect//hesaid.Butthespiritisexactlyright.”然而,他承认,那些签署了这封信的人可能会发现很难说服更广泛的公司和研究人员实施暂停令〃这封信并不完美,〃他说〃但精神是正确的〃anentrepreneurandacademicwhohaslongcomplainedofflawsinA.I.systemsinaninterview.“Wehaveaperfectstormofcorporateirresponsibilitywidespreadadoptionlackofregulationandahugenumberofunknowns.A.I.powerschatbotslikeChatGPTMicrosoft*sBingandGooglesBardzwhichcanperformhumanlikeconversationscreateessaysonanendlessvarietyoftopicsandperformmorecomplextaskslikewritingcomputercode.Thepushtodevelopmorepowerfulchatbotshasledtoaracethatcoulddeterminethenextleadersofthetechindustry.Butthesetoolshavebeencriticizedforgettingdetailswrongandtheirabilitytospreadmisinformation.TheopenlettercalledforapauseinthedevelopmentofA.I.systemsmorepowerfulthanGPT-4thechatbotintroducedthismonthbytheresearchlabOpenAIwhichMr.Muskco-founded.Thepausewouldprovidetimetointroduce“sharedsafetyprotocols//forA.I.systemsthelettersaid.〃Ifsuchapausecannotbeenactedquicklygovernmentsshouldstepinandinstituteamoratorium/itadded.DevelopmentofpowerfulA.I.systemsshouldadvance“onlyonceweareconfidentthattheireffectswillbepositiveandtheirriskswillbemanageable“thelettersaid.“HumanitycanenjoyaflourishingfuturewithA.I.thelettersaid.〃HavingsucceededincreatingpowerfulA.I.systemswecannowenjoyanALsummer*inwhichwereaptherewardszengineerthesesystemsfortheclearbenefitofallandgivesocietyachancetoadapt.”ForyearsmanyA.I.researchersacademicsandtechexecutivesincludingMr.MuskhaveworriedthatA.I.systemscouldcauseevengreaterharm.SomearepartofavastonlinecommunitycalledrationalistsoreffectivealtruistswhobelievethatA.Icouldeventuallydestroyhumanity.TheletterwasshepherdedbytheFutureofLifeInstituteanorganizationdedicatedtoresearchingexistentialriskstohumanitythathaslongwarnedofthedangersofartificialintelligence.Butitwassignedbyawidevarietyofpeoplefromindustryandacademia.ThoughsomewhosignedtheletterareknownforrepeatedlyexpressingconcernsthatA.I.coulddestroyhumanityothersincludingMr.Marcusaremoreconcernedaboutitsnear-termdangersincludingthespreadofdisinformationandtheriskthatpeoplewillrelyonthesesystemsformedicalandemotionaladvice.Theletter“showshowmanypeoplearedeeplyworriedaboutwhatisgoingon“saidMr.Marcuswhosignedtheletter.Hebelievestheletterwillbeaturningpoint.〃ItthinkitisareallyimportantmomentinthehistoryofA.I.一andmaybehumanitynhesaid.Heacknowledgedhoweverthatthosewhohadsignedthelettermightfinditdifficulttopersuadethewidercommunityofcompaniesandresearcherstoputamoratoriuminplace.Theletterisnotperfect/hesaid.Butthespiritisexactlyright.【重点词汇】cite[salt]v.引用,援引;引证,引以为例专唤,传讯;嘉奖,表章n.弓I用,弓I文;cites;cites;citing;cited;citedurge[3d5]v.敦促,催促,力劝;竭力主张,强烈要求;驱赶,鞭策;鼓励,激励(〜sb.on.n.强烈的欲望冲动;推动力;urges;urges;urging;urged;urgedprofound[prsfaund]adj.(影响)深刻的极大的;(感情)强烈的,深切的;(思想)深邃的,(见解)深刻的;深的,深处的;完全的;艰深的,玄奥的;(疾病,残疾)严重的humanity[hj9(:)maeniti]n.人类(总称);人性,人的属性;人道,仁慈;(历史、哲学、文学等)人文学科;humanitiesaccord[akoid]n.协议条约;符合一致v.使受到,给予(某种待遇予与……)—致,符合;accords;accordsaccording;accorded;accordedrelease[riliis]v.释放放走;使出院;把(动物)放生;解救;放开;拉开,松开(装置);发射,投(弹);公布,发布;发行,上映;表达,发泄;释放,排放(物质);解除(职务或工作),解雇;放弃,让予;使不紧张;开放,解禁n.(人或动物的)释放,放出;排放,泄漏;(设备的)松开,拉开;释放装置(如按、拉的装置);表达,宣泄;解脱,轻松感;放松的机会;新发行的东西;公开,发布;公映;(责任等的)免除,解除;免责书;放弃,让予;放弃文书X专壬求releasesreleasesreleasingreleasedreleasedentrepreneur[icntrsprsnai]n.企业家,创业者;主办者,提倡者;entrepreneursbulletinfbulitm]n.(广播或电视中的)新闻简报;公告布告机构或社团的布讯,刊物:bulletinsbulletins;bulletining;bulletined;bulletinedacademic[isekademik]adj.学业的,学术的;学校的,学院的;学业(成绩)优秀的,善于学习的;不切实际的,空谈的n.大学教师,学者;(学校或学院的)课程;大学生;academicscomplain[kamplem]v.诉说(病痛);悲叹,悲鸣;(构造,机械装置)(因拉力或压力)呻吟,咯吱作响;抱怨,投诉;complains;complaining;complained;complainedflaw[flo]n.缺点缺陷;裂痕,瑕疵v.削弱,使失效;flaws;flaws;flawing;flawed;flawednumb[nAm]adj.麻木的,失去感觉的;迟钝的呆滞的v.使麻木,使失去知觉;使迟钝,使呆滞;使(某种感觉)减轻,使减弱;number;numbs;numbing;numbed;numbedessay「esei!si]n.(学生为某门课程所写的)短文,论说文;(用来刊登的)散文,随笔;企图,尝试;尚未采用的邮票设计图案v.试图,作......尝试;essays;essays;essaying;essayed;essayedwriting[raitirj]n写作著书;作品著作;写书写;字迹(书写或印刷的)文字;(某作家或专题的)着作作品writings)v.写字;写作;写信(write的现在分词);writingscode[kaud]n.密码,暗码;(邮政)编码,(电话)区号;(计算机)编码;道德准则,行为规范;法典,法规v.把……编码(或编号);把……译成密码;(给计算机)编写指令【名】(code)(英、法、西)科德(人名);codes;codes;coding;coded;codedcriticize[kritisaiz]v.批评,指责;评论;criticizes;criticizing;criticized;criticizedflourish[flArij]v.繁荣,昌盛;挥动;(植物或动物)长势好,茁壮成长n.夸张动作;(讲话或文章的)华丽辞藻,修饰;花彩号声《手写花体字的虎饰flourishesflourishesflourishing;flourished;flourishedreap[mp]v.获得,收获;收割(庄稼等)【名】(reap)(英)里普(人名);reaps;reaping;reaped;reapedexecutive[igzekjstiv]adj.行政的,有执行权的;高档的,豪华的;供主管人员使用的;(有关)经营管理的,领导的n.主管,经理;行政部门,执行委员会;executiveseffective[Ifektiv]adj.产生预期结果的,有效的;实际的,事实上的;(法津规则等)生效的,起作用的;给人深刻印象的n.实际可作战的士兵;effectivesshepherdfjepsd]n.牧羊人羊信;牧师;指导者v.牧(羊);带领,引领,护送;(尤指精神方面)给……指导【名】(shepherdX英、美、菲»射泼德(人名);shepherds;shepherds;shepherding;shepherded;shepherdeddedicate[dedikeit]v.致力于献身于;把(书、戏剧、音乐作品等)献给;为(建筑物或教堂)举行奉献(或落成)典礼;dedicates;dedicating;dedicated;dedicatedrepeatedly[riputidli]adv.重复地,再三地【阅读理解练习题】WhosignedtheopenlettercallingforapauseinthedevelopmentofadvancedAIsystemsOnlyElonMuskandAndrewYangOnlyresearchersandacademicsOverlz000technologyleadersandresearchersincludingElonMuskSteveWozniakandRachelBronsonOnlyentrepreneursandpresidentialcandidates答案co第一段提到有1000多名科技领袖和研究人员,包括日nMusk在内,呼吁人工智能实验室暂停最先进系统的开发,并在一封公开信中警告称,AI工具对社会和人类存在〃深刻风险〃WhydidthesignatoriesofthelettercallforapauseinAIsystemsdevelopmentBecausethetechnologyhasalreadybeenperfectedBecausethereswidespreadadoptionofAIwithoutregulationBecauseAIchatbotslikeChatGPTandBingcanperformcomplextasksBecauseAItoolspresentprofoundriskstosocietyandhumanity答案De第一段提到开发者处于一种〃失控竞赛〃的状态,正在开发和部署越来越强大的数字思维,而没有人-甚至包括他们自己-可以理解,预测或可靠地控制这些思维,因此呼吁暂停开发WhatisthemainconcernregardingthefutureofAIaccordingtothearticleThepotentialbenefitsofAIwillneverberealizedAdvancedAIsystemsposeseriousriskstohumanityDisinformationandlackofregulationareholdingbackAIdevelopmentAIchatbotslikeChatGPTandBinghavethepotentialtobecomeleadersinthetechindustry答案Be最后一段提到多年来,许多AI研究人员、学者和技术高管包括ElonMusk在内,一直担心AI系统可能造成更大的危害,甚至有一部分信奉〃理性主义者〃或有效利他主义者的人认为,AI最终可能会摧毁人类Accordingtotheletter;whatneedstohappenbeforemoreadvancedAIsystemsaredevelopedGovernmentsshouldintroduceamoratoriumonAIsystemsdevelopmentSharedsafetyprotocolsneedtobeintroducedforAIsystemsOnlytechnologyleadersandresearchersshouldbeinvolvedinAIdevelopmentCompaniesshouldcompetetocreatethemostpowerfulAIsystems答案Be第五段提到公开信呼吁暂停开发比GPT-4更强大的AI系统,并提出需要引入〃共享安全协议〃来管理AI系统的发展WhatistheperfectstormthatGaryMarcuswarnsofinthearticleCorporateirresponsibilityadoptionofAIwithoutregulationandtoomanyunknownsAracetodevelopthemostpowerfulAIsystemsandlackofunderstandingorcontrolovertheireffectsCriticismofchatbotslikeChatGPTandBingeventhoughtheyperformcomplextasksFearthatAIsystemswilleventuallydestroyhumanity答案Ao第四段中GaryMarcus表示〃我们有一场企业不负责任、广泛采用、缺乏监管和大量未知数的完美风暴〃【长难句分析】Heacknowledgedhoweverthatthosewhohadsignedthelettermightfinditdifficulttopersuadethewidercommunityofcompaniesandresearcherstoputamoratoriuminplace.主句是主谓宾结构Heacknowledgedthatthat引导宾语从句however是副词作连接性状语在宾语从句中,核心句子结构是主谓宾宾补结构thosemightfinditdifficulttopersuadethewidercommunityofcompaniesandresearcherstoputamoratoriuminplace形容词difficult作宾语补足语it是形式宾语不定式是逻辑宾语toputamoratoriuminplace是不定式作宾语补足语然而,他承认,那些签署这封信的人可能会发现,要说服更广泛的AI行业的公司和研究人员暂停很难【语言点积累】学习moratorium的用法这个词作名词表示anofficialstoppingofanactivityforaperiodoftime〔官方对某项活动的〕暂停,其后常接介词on例amoratoriumonnucleartesting核试验的暂停【全文翻译】Morethanlz000technologyleadersandresearchersincluding日onMuskhaveurgedartificialintelligencelabstopausedevelopmentofthemostadvancedsystemswarninginanopenletterthatA.I.toolspresentprofoundriskstosocietyandhumanity./。