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高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:通过不困住〃帮派来遏制枪支暴力【原标题】Curbinggunviolencebyuncorneringgangs【原文】YearafteryearthepoliticsofgunviolenceintheUnitedStateshasbeenstuckonwhatseemstobeonebinarychoice:moreguncontrolversusmorementalhealthcare.Meanwhilemassshootingspersistatapaceofmorethanoneperday.OneAmericancityistryingtoavoidthattrap.InSyracuseacityof425000peopleinupstateNewYorkthehomiciderateisthreetimesthenationalaverage.Werereadytotrysomethingnew“proclaimedaneditorialonTuesdayonthenewssitesyracuse.com.Thecityispoisedtolaunchanewgunviolencepreventionstrategythatseeseverycitizen-includingthosecommittingviolence-asagentsofchange.Z/Idonztwanttowaituntilayoungmanisbehindbarstofigureitout“saidpastorLateefJohnson-Kinseydirectorofanewofficesetupbythemayorlastyeartoreducegunviolenceinarecentradiointerview.Thecityconductedagranularstudyofgunviolence.Itfoundthatbetween2012and2021homicidesroseyearlybyanaverageof
26.5%.Itsoughtinputfromcommunityviolenceexpertsinothercitiesandusedcrimedatatoidentifythe【语言点积累】学习binary的用法这个词作形容词,表示consistingoftwoparts,由两部分组成的二元的;双重的例abinarystarsystem双星系thebinarysystem表示asystemofcountingusedincomputersinwhichonlythenumbers0and1areused〔计算机运算系统〕二进制【全文翻译】YearafteryearthepoliticsofgunviolenceintheUnitedStateshasbeenstuckonwhatseemstobeonebinarychoice:moreguncontrolversusmorementalhealthcare.Meanwhilemassshootingspersistatapaceofmorethanoneperday.年复一年,美国的枪支暴力政治似乎一直停留在一个二元选择上:更多的枪支控制和更多的心理健康护理与此同时,大规模枪击事件以每天超过一次的速度持续发生OneAmericancityistryingtoavoidthattrap.一个美国城市正试图避开这个陷阱InSyracuseacityof425000peopleinupstateNewYorkthehomiciderateisthreetimesthenationalaverage.Werereadytotrysomethingnew“proclaimedaneditorialonTuesdayonthenewssitesyracuse.com.Thecityispoisedtolaunchanewgunviolencepreventionstrategythatseeseverycitizen-includingthosecommittingviolence-asagentsofchange.在纽约州北部拥有
42.5万人口的锡拉丘兹市,谋杀率是全国平均水平的三倍周二,新闻网站syracuse.com上的一篇社论宣称我们准备尝试一些新的东西〃该市准备推出一项新的枪支暴力预防战略,将每个公民一一包括那些实施暴力的人一一视为变革的推动者“Idonztwanttowaituntilayoungmanisbehindbarstofigureitout“saidpastorLateefJohnson-Kinseydirectorofanewofficesetupbythemayorlastyeartoreducegunviolenceinarecentradiointerview.〃我不想等到一个年轻人入狱后才想办法「拉特夫•约翰逊♦金赛牧师在最近的一次电台采访中说他是市长去年为减少枪支暴力而设立的一个新办公室的主任Thecityconductedagranularstudyofgunviolence.Itfoundthatbetween2012and2021homicidesroseyearlybyanaverageof
26.5%.Itsoughtinputfromcommunityviolenceexpertsinothercitiesandusedcrimedatatoidentifythesourcesofviolencedowntospecificgangmembers.该市对枪支暴力进行了细致的研究它发现,在2012年至2021年间,凶杀案平均每年上升
26.5%它寻求其他城市的社区暴力专家的意见,并利用犯罪数据来确定特定帮派成员的暴力来源Thestudyhelpedofficialsunderstandthatgangmembersbelieveviolenceisasalvefortheirhopelessnessaresultofpovertyandbrokenhomes.Italsohelpedthemrecognizewhydisparateviolencepreventioninitiativeshaven7tworked.SolvinggunviolenceMayorBenWalshsaidinhisStateoftheCityAddressinJanuaryrequiresacoherentapproach.Itmeansfixingblightinneglectedneighborhoodsandcaringforthementalhealthofpoliceofficers.这项研究帮助官员们理解,帮派成员认为暴力是他们绝望的慰藉这是贫困和破碎家庭的结果这也帮助他们认识到为什么不同的暴力预防举措没有奏效市长本•沃尔什在1月份的国情咨文中表示,解决枪支暴力问题需要一种连贯的方法这意味着修复被忽视的社区的枯萎病,并照顾警察的心理健康Syracuse7sstrategycentersontwoideasthathaveproveneffectiveelsewhereincitieslikeBostonandChicago.Oneisthatgangmembersthemselvesarevitalresourcesinsocialhealing.Theotheristothinkofredemptionasajob.Officialshaveidentified50/ztopbrass“shootersinfourgangs.TheirgoalistoenrollthesegentlemenasMr.Johnson-Kinseycallstheminaprogramthatincludescounselingjobtrainingandbetterschooling.雪城的战略以两个在波士顿和芝加哥等城市被证明有效的想法为中心一个是帮派成员本身是社会康复的重要资源另一种是将救赎视为一种工作官方已经确认了四个帮派中的50名高层〃枪手他们的目标是让这些约翰逊-金赛先生称之为〃绅士〃的人参加一个包括咨询、职业培训和更好的教育在内的项目Butwithcompassioncomesexpectations.Byfocusingontheinstigatorsofgangviolencethecityhopestocreatenewrolemodelsfortheirpeers.Itwantsparticipantstoseethemselvesasgovernmentemployeeswhosejobisequalpartsindividualreformandcommunityrenewal.Theprogramincludesamodestmonthlystipend-or“scholarshipasMr.Johnson-Kinseycallsit.但伴随着同情而来的是期望通过关注帮派暴力的煽动者,该市希望为他们的同龄人创造新的榜样它希望参与者将自己视为政府雇员,他们的工作是个人改革和社区复兴该项目包括每月适度的津贴——约翰逊-金赛先生称之为奖学金〃AsimilarprograminBostondescribesthatapproachasaprocessofbeing//uncornered/-ashiftinmindsetalikeforindividualsandcommunitiescaughtupingunviolence.“Uncorneredprovidesthescaffoldingofresourcesthatallowgangmemberstohelpthemselvesandthosetheylovetakeadvantageofnewopportunities“anarticleinSocialImpactReviewnotedinFebruary.Ithasz/amoreuniversalmeaning.Mostpeoplewouldnotthinkofagangmemberasasolutionbutratherasaproblem.InthisnewwayweareallUncorneredinourthinking/1波士顿的一个类似项目将这种方法描述为一个被忽视〃的过程―对于陷入枪支暴力的个人和社区来说这是一种心态的转变《社会影响评论》2月的一篇文章指出Uncorned提供了资源的脚手架,让帮派成员能够帮助自己和他们所爰的人利用新的机会它具有“更普遍的意义大多数人不会认为帮派成员是一个解决方案而是一个问题以这种新的方式,我们的思维都是不和谐的Syracusewillneedtimetoseeifitsplansmanywell-researchedelementscanwork.Foranationcaughtinadebateaboutgunviolencethecityisonlythelatestcommunitychartingawayoutofthementalimpassesofdivisionandfear.雪城需要时间来看看其计划中许多经过充分研究的元素是否可行对于一个陷入枪支暴力辩论的国家来说,这座城市只是最新一个走出分裂和恐惧心理困境的社区sourcesofviolencedowntospecificgangmembers.Thestudyhelpedofficialsunderstandthatgangmembersbelieveviolenceisasalvefortheirhopelessnessaresultofpovertyandbrokenhomes.Italsohelpedthemrecognizewhydisparateviolencepreventioninitiativeshaven1tworked.SolvinggunviolenceMayorBenWalshsaidinhisStateoftheCityAddressinJanuaryrequiresacoherentapproach.Itmeansfixingblightinneglectedneighborhoodsandcaringforthementalhealthofpoliceofficers.Syracuse7sstrategycentersontwoideasthathaveproveneffectiveelsewhereincitieslikeBostonandChicago.Oneisthatgangmembersthemselvesarevitalresourcesinsocialhealing.Theotheristothinkofredemptionasajob.Officialshaveidentified50/ztopbrass“shootersinfourgangs.TheirgoalistoenrollthesegentlemenasMr.Johnson-Kinseycallstheminaprogramthatincludescounselingjobtrainingandbetterschooling.Butwithcompassioncomesexpectations.Byfocusingontheinstigatorsofgangviolencethecityhopestocreatenewrolemodelsfortheirpeers.Itwantsparticipantstoseethemselvesasgovernmentemployeeswhosejobisequalpartsindividualreformandcommunityrenewal.Theprogramincludesamodestmonthlystipend-or“scholarshipasMr.Johnson-Kinseycallsit.AsimilarprograminBostondescribesthatapproachasaprocessofbeing“uncornered-ashiftinmindsetalikeforindividualsandcommunitiescaughtupingunviolence.Z/Uncorneredprovidesthescaffoldingofresourcesthatallowgangmemberstohelpthemselvesandthosetheylovetakeadvantageofnewopportunities“anarticleinSocialImpactReviewnotedinFebruary.Ithas/zamoreuniversalmeaning.Mostpeoplewouldnotthinkofagangmemberasasolutionbutratherasaproblem.InthisnewwayweareallUncorneredinourthinking/7Syracusewillneedtimetoseeifitsplansmanywell-researchedelementscanwork.Foranationcaughtinadebateaboutgunviolencethecityisonlythelatestcommunitychartingawayoutofthementalimpassesofdivisionandfear.【重点词汇】curb[k3ib]v.控制,抑制;勒住(马)n.控制,抑制;路缘,马路牙子;(马的附关节后部因扭伤韧带引起的)硬瘤;curbs;curbs;curbing;curbed;curbedgang[gaeg]n.(青少年的)帮派,团伙;犯罪团伙;一群(体力劳动者);一伙(常聚会的朋友);(安装在一起的)一套开关,插座(或其他电气、机械装置)v.成群,结伙;将(电气设备或机器)连接,编组【名】(gang)(英)甘,(法)冈,(罗)甘格(人名);gangs;gangs;ganging;ganged;gangedversus[vaisas]prep.(比赛或诉讼中)以......为对手,与..…竞争;与……相对,与……相比persist[pa(:)sist]v.继续存在,持续;坚持,执意;坚持说反复说;persists;persisting;persisted;persistedproclaim[prskleim]v.(正式)宣告(公开)声明;强调,声称;(标志或通知)宣传,告知;清楚表明,显示proclaims;proclaiming;proclaimed;proclaimededitorial[editoirial]adj.编辑的,主编的社论的n.社论社评;(报刊的)由编辑撰写的部分,非广告部分;editorialssite[sait]n.(建筑的)工地,用地;(某事发生的)地点现场;(作某种用途的)场所,场地;网站,站点(=website);(身体的某个)部位;(城镇、建筑物或纪念碑的)地基,选址;遗址,原址;(帐篷或大篷车内)歇脚的地方v.使坐落在,为……选址;sites;sites;siting;sited;sitedlaunch[lomtj;la:ntj]v.发动,发起;上市,发行;使(船或舰)下水;发射(武器或宇宙飞船);启动(计算机程序);投出,用力扔出;使投身于(事业等);起飞,出海n.(航天器的)发射;(产品的)上市;(事件的)发起;汽艇,游艇;(新产品,出版物)发布会,推介会;launches;launches;launching;launched;launchedstrategy[straetidsi]n.(尤指为获得某物制定长期的)策略,行动计划;战略,战略学;strategiescommit[ksmit]v.犯(罪、错);调拨,投入;(使)承诺,承担义务;郑重承诺,忠于;把……关进医院(监狱),监禁;传唤(某人)到法院受审;订婚,决定与(某人)保持长期感情;把……托付给;commits;committing;committed;committedmayor[me]n.(英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰由议员选举产生的)镇长,市长;(美国、加拿大等国家公众选举的)市长【名】(mayor)(英)梅厄,(法、西、俄)马约尔(人名);mayorsyearly[Ij3ili]adj.一年一次的每年的笄度的,一年的adv.一年一次地,每年地n.年刊,年鉴;yearliesinput[input]n.投入,输进;输入的信息;(为帮助某人做出决定而提供的)建议,意见;讯息输入端;(输入机器供其使用的)电力v.输入(信息);inputs;inputs;inputting;input;inputted;input;inputtedidentify[aidentifai]v.认出,识别;查明,确认;发现;证明(身份),表明;认同,理解;认为……和……一致;和(某人)打成——片;identifies;identifying;identified;identifiedsource[sois]n.来源,出处;(问题的)原因,根源;消息人士,信息来源;河流源头,发源地;源(代)码;(电子)源极,电源;(技)源v.(从某地)获得;找出……的来源【名】(source)(法)苏尔斯(人名);sources;sources;sourcing;sourced;sourcedpoverty[povsti]n.贫穷,贫困;贫乏,低劣;个人财产权的放弃(作为宗教誓约的一部分)initiative[Imjiotiv]n.措施,倡议;主动性,积极性;主动权;(美国某些州的)公民立法提案程序;initiativescoherent[kaohiorant]adj.有条理的,连贯的;说话条理清晰的,易于理解的;团结一致的,凝聚的;(波)相干的,相参的;黏着的,黏连的neglect[mglekt]v.疏于照顾,未予看管;不予重视,忽视漏做n.忽略忽视未被重视;neglects;neglecting;neglected;neglectedneighborhood[neibshud]n.附近;街坊;接近;街区;neighborhoodseffective[Ifektiv]adj.产生预期结果的,有效的;实际的,事实上的;(法津规则等)生效的,起作用的;给人深刻印象的n.实际可作战的士兵;effectiveselsewhere[elswes]adv.在另!]处,去另!]处pron.别处别的地方vital[vaitl]adj.至关重要的,必不可少的;生机勃勃的,充满活力的;生命的,维持生命所必需的n.身体的重要内脏,维持生命的重要器官(vitals)【名】(vital)维塔尔(人名);vitalsresource[risois]n.自然资源;资源(指钱、物、人等);有助于实现目标的东西,资料;(对付困境所需的)个人素质(resources);(逆境中的)出路,应付办法;谋略,智谋v.向……提供资金(或设备)resourcesresourcesresourcingresourced;resourcedheal[hul]v.痊愈,康复;(感情创伤)愈合,(情感)恢复常态;(使)(裂痕、创伤)弥合,(使)和好;止息(争斗),调停;修复(对土地的破坏);减轻(痛苦);heals;healing;healed;healedbrass[bra:s]n.黄铜;铜管乐器;黄铜器,黄铜饰品;高级官员,高级军官;钱【名】(brass)(英、法、德)布拉斯(人名);brassesenroll[mrsol]vt.登记吏加入;把……记入名册吏入伍vi.参加;登记;注册;记入名册;enrolls;enrolling;enrolled;enrolledcounsel[kaonssl]n.忠告,建议;辩护律师;咨询,磋商v.建议,劝告(做……);为……提供咨询,给……提供建议;商讨,提出忠告counsels;counselcounselscounsellingcounseling;counselled;counseled;counselled;counseledcompassion[ksmpaejsn]n.同情,怜悯expectation[lekspektei^n]n.期待,预期;期望,指望;expectationspeer[pi]n.同龄人,同等地位的人,相匹敌的人;(英国)贵族v.凝视,费力地看;隐现;看见;匹敌【名】(peer)(美、爰、英)皮尔(人名);peers;peers;peering;peered;peeredparticipant[pa:11isipsnt]n.参力□者,参与者adj.参与的;participantsemployee[lemploiuimplon]n.雇员;employeesmonthly[mAnOli]adj.每月的,每月一次的;按月支付的,按月计算的;(票、通行证等)有效期为一个月的n.月刊adv.每个月每月一次;monthliesshift[Jift]v.(使)移动,(使)转移;(使)转换到(另一个人或另一事物);(使)改变意见(或信仰等);赶快;换(挡);(计算机)移位;按(计算机键盘上的)Shift键;摆脱,消除;(尤指大量)销售,出售;狼吞虎咽地吃;含糊其辞,拐弯抹角n.改变,转变;轮班工作时间;轮班工作的人;(计算机键盘上的)shift键;(计算机)移位;(机动车的)换挡装置;宽松直筒连衣裙(=Shiftdress);长而宽松的内衣;(建筑)错位;(美橄)(开赛前)球员位置的变换;(天文)(光谱线的)偏移;语音演变(soun.shift的简称);计谋诡计;shifts;shifts;shifting;shifted;shiftedopportunity[icpstjumiti]n.时机,机会opportunitiesimpact[impaekt]n.撞击冲击力;巨大影响强大作用v.冲击,撞击;挤入,压紧;(对……)产生影响element[elimsnt]n.基本部分要素;元素;有点少群人;恶劣天气(theelements);基本原理;适宜的环境;电热元件,电热丝;(基督教圣餐中的)面包和酒;电热元件,电热丝(基督教圣餐中的)面包和酒【名】(element)(英)埃利门特,(德)埃勒门特(人名);elementsdivision[divisan]n.分开分配;除法;部门;分歧不和;分界线;(军队编制中的)师;(英国议会的)分组表决;(足球等体育运动中联赛的)级;divisions【阅读理解练习题】WhatisthehomiciderateinSyracusecomparedtothenationalaverageTwotimeshigher.Threetimeshigher.Fourtimeshigher.Fivetimeshigher.答案B中文解析见文章第二段AccordingtothearticlewhatwasoneofthereasonsforgangviolenceinSyracuseMentalillness.Gangmembers*hopelessnessduetopovertyandbrokenhomes.Lackofguncontrol.Policebrutality.答案Bo中文解析见文章第四段WhatisthegoalofSyracusesnewgunviolencepreventionstrategyImplementmoreguncontrollaws.Providemorementalhealthcareservices.Enrollgangmembersinaprogramthatincludescounselingjobtrainingandbetterschooling.CreatenewrolemodelsforyoungpeopleinSyracuse.答案co中文解析见文章第六段WhatisUncorneredinBostonsprogrammentionedinthearticleAprocessofbeinguncornered-ashiftinmindsetalikeforindividualsandcommunitiescaughtupingunviolence.Awaytocornergangmemberstopreventthemfromcommittingcrimes.Aprogramthatprovidescounselingandmentalhealthservicestogangmembers.Aprogramthatenrollsgangmembersinvocationalschools.答案Ao中文解析见文章第七段WhatdoesSyracusesstrategyexpectofitsparticipantsToseethemselvesasgovernmentemployeeswhosejobiscommunityrenewal.Tofocusonindividualreformbutnotcommunityrenewal.Totakeadvantageofnewopportunitiesandimprovetheirlives.Alloftheabove.答案D中文解析见文章倒数第二段【长难句分析】Uncorneredprovidesthescaffoldingofresourcesthatallowgangmemberstohelpthemselvesandthosetheylovetakeadvantageofnewopportunities.主句由and进行并列前者是主谓宾结构Uncorneredprovidesthescaffoldingofresourcesthatallowgangmemberstohelpthemselves是定语从句后者是主谓宾结构thosetakeadvantageofnewopportunitiestheylove是省略that的定语从句,tohelpthemsekes是不定式作宾语补足语‘不困住’提供了资源,让帮派成员可以帮助自己,让他们所爱的人利用新的机会。