还剩12页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:欧洲在电动汽车上的倒退对气候来说是个坏消息【原标题】Europeanbackslidingonelectricvehiclesisbadnewsfortheclimate【原文】Worldwidetheplanestrainsandautomobilesweusetogetaroundpumpedaround
7.7gigatonnesofcarbondioxideintotheatmospherein2021one-fifthofallanthropogenicemissions.Somethree-quartersoftransportemissionscamefromjustonesource-theexhaustsofroadvehicles.Convertingroadtransporttorunongreenenergywouldbeahugesteptowardsachievingnetzeroemissionsbymid-centuryachangeneededifwearetolimitglobalwarmingtosafelevels.Thisiswhypolicymakershavebeennudgingcarmakerstoaccelerateeffortstobringanendtothemanufactureofvehiclesfittedwithaninternalcombustionengine.Itzsano-brainer.IntheEuropeanUnionatleastitseemedthatthetwosideswerestrappedinreadytoreachthatdestinationby
2035.HoweverthepastfewweekshaveseentheEuropeanCommissionembroiledinarowwithGermanyItalyandsomeotherEUmembersoverimplementationofthe2035deadline.Thebeliefthatcarbon-neutralfuelscaneffectivelyreplacefossilfuelsintransportation.Theideathatinternalcombustionenginescancontinuetobesoldafter
2035.Theargumentthatbiomassisaneffectivefeedstockforgreenfuels.Theshort-sightednessofpolicymakersintheautomotiveindustry.答案Bo中文解析见文章第四段AccordingtothearticlewhatisthebestwaytoachieveatrulygreentransporttransitionToinvestheavilyingreenhydrogentechnology.Torelyonbiomassasfeedstockforcarbon-neutralfuels.Toacceleratethetransitiontoelectricvehiclesworldwideandencourageactivetransportsuchaswalkingandcycling.Tocontinueusinginternalcombustionenginesbutwithcarbon-neutralfuels.答案co中文解析见文章倒数第二段【长难句分析】Thisiswhypolicymakershavebeennudgingcarmakerstoaccelerateeffortstobringanendtothemanufactureofvehiclesfittedwithaninternalcombustionengine.主句是主系表结构Thisiswhywhy引导表语从句在从句中,核心句子结构是主谓宾宾补结构policymakershavebeennudgingcarmakerstoaccelerateefforts不定式作宾语补足语tobringanendtothemanufactureofvehicles是不定式作后置定语,fittedwithaninternalcombustionengine是过去分词作后置定语正因为如此,政策制定者一直在敦促汽车制造商加快步伐,停止生产配备内燃机的汽车【语言点积累】学习no-brainer的用法这个词作名词,表示adecisionthatiseasyandthatyoudonotneedtothinkaboutusedwhenyouwanttoemphasizethatitisreallyveryeasy,无须动脑子的事,简单的事,例Joiningthesavingsplanisano-brainer.Justdoit.参加储蓄计划的事根本不用考虑了,赶快行动吧【全文翻译】Worldwidetheplanestrainsandautomobilesweusetogetaroundpumpedaround
7.7gigatonnesofcarbondioxideintotheatmospherein2021one-fifthofallanthropogenicemissions.Somethree-quartersoftransportemissionscamefromjustonesource-theexhaustsofroadvehicles.2021年,在全球范围内,我们用来出行的飞机、火车和汽车向大气中排放了约77亿吨二氧化碳,占所有人为排放量的五分之一大约四分之三的交通排放仅来自一个来源——道路车辆的尾气Convertingroadtransporttorunongreenenergywouldbeahugesteptowardsachievingnetzeroemissionsbymid-centuryachangeneededifwearetolimitglobalwarmingtosafelevels.Thisiswhypolicymakershavebeennudgingcarmakerstoaccelerateeffortstobringanendtothemanufactureofvehiclesfittedwithaninternalcombustionengine.It7sano-brainer.IntheEuropeanUnionatleastitseemedthatthetwosideswerestrappedinreadytoreachthatdestinationby
2035.将道路运输转变为使用绿色能源将是到本世纪中叶实现净零排放的一大步,如果我们要将全球变暖限制在〃安全〃水平,就需要做出改变这就是为什么政策制定者一直在敦促汽车制造商加快努力停止制造装有内燃机的汽车这是一件很容易的事至少在欧盟,双方似乎已经做好了准备,准备在2035年前到达目的地HoweverthepastfewweekshaveseentheEuropeanCommissionembroiledinarowwithGermanyItalyandsomeotherEUmembersoverimplementationofthe2035deadline.ThishasbeenresolvedbutonlythroughaconcessiontoGermany7spowerfulautomotiveindustry.Newcarswithinternalcombustionenginescancontinuetobesoldafter2035providedtheenginesusecarbon-neutralfuelsinsteadofdieselpetrolorcompressedandliquefiedgases.Theseareclimate-damagingmovesfromaregionthathassofarledtheworldinpoliciesfordecarbonizingtransport.然而,在过去的几周里,欧盟委员会与德国、意大利和其他一些欧盟成员国就2035年最后期限的实施问题发生了争执这一问题已经得到解决,但只能通过对德国强大的汽车工业做出让步2035年后,装有内燃机的新车可以继续销售,前提是这些发动机使用碳中和的燃料,而不是柴油、汽油或压缩和液化气体这些都是来自一个迄今为止在交通脱碳政策方面领先世界的地区的破坏气候的举措Theproblemliesinthephrasecarbon-neutralfuels
7.Thesefuelsrelyeitheroninputssuchasgreenhydrogenwhichismadebysplittingwaterusingrenewableelectricityoronfeedstockssuchasbiomass.Thetechnologiesusedtomakethesefuelsareinefficientexpensiveanduntestedatscale.Moreoverclaimsofclimateneutrality—basedontheideathattheCO2emittedbytheircombustionwasabsorbedrelativelyrecentlyfromthebiosphereorthatCO2producedduringtheirmanufacturewaspreventedfromenteringtheatmosphere—arequestionable.问题在于碳中和的燃料”这个短语这些燃料要么依赖于〃绿色氢气等投入,这种氢气是通过使用可再生电力分解水来制造的,要么依赖于生物质等原料用于制造这些燃料的技术效率低、成本高且未经大规模测试此外,基于燃烧产生的二氧化碳是最近从生物圈吸收的,或者在制造过程中产生的二氧化碳被阻止进入大气层的想法气候中立的说法是值得怀疑的Thecapacitytomakegreenhydrogenisseverelylimitedandanyexpansionshouldbeusedtopowersectorssuchasheavyindustryforwhichviabledecarbonizationalternativesarenotyetavailable.Meanwhiletheuseofbiomasscreatesincentivestoharvestwoodanddivertagriculturallandtogrowenergycropsregardlessoftheconsequencesforlandasacarbonsinkorforbiodiversity.生产绿色氢气的能力受到严重限制,任何扩张都应用于重工业等行业,因为这些行业还没有可行的脱碳替代品与此同时,生物质的使用为采伐木材和转移农业土地种植能源作物创造了激励,而不管土地作为碳汇或生物多样性会产生什么后果Itsclearwhysomeintheautomotiveindustrywanttokeeptheinternalcombustionenginealive.Theideaisattractivetoshort-sightedpolicymakerstoobecauseitreducestheneedtoplantherolloutofcharginginfrastructuretoworryaboutgridcapacityandtoteachpeopletheskillstobuildandmaintaindifferenttechnologies.Theresearchcommunitymustbeequallyclearinunderliningwhythisisafalseeconomy.Thereisonlyoneprovenviablescalableandtechnologicallyripeschemefordecarbonizingpersonalroadtransport.Thatiselectrification.很明显,汽车行业的一些人希望保持内燃机的活力这一想法对目光短浅的政策制定者也很有吸引力,因为它减少了规划充电基础设施的推出,减少了对电网容量的担忧,并教会人们建立和维护不同技术的技能研究界必须同样清楚地强调为什么这是一个虚假的经济只有一个被证明可行、可扩展且技术成熟的个人道路运输脱碳方案这就是电气化Iftheelectric-vehicletransitionisfurtherdelayedtherearelikelytobecascadingeffectselsewherethatwillultimatelyputabrakeonglobaldecarbonization.Thedemandforpersonalpoweredmobilityisincreasinginlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.InAsiaalonecarsareprojectedtoaccountformorethan40%oftripstakenin2050upfrom28%in
2015.Onthebasisofcurrenttrendstherewillbethreebillioncarsandvansontheroadgloballyin2050upfromonebillionnow—anotherreasontoacceleratethetransitiontoelectricvehiclesworldwide.如果电动汽车转型进一步推迟,其他地方可能会出现连锁效应,最终会阻碍全球脱碳中低收入国家对个人动力出行的需求正在增加仅在亚洲,预计到2050年,汽车将占出行量的40%以上,高于2015年的28%0根据目前的趋势,到2050年,全球将有30亿辆汽车和面包车在路上行驶,而现在只有10亿辆,这也是全球加速向电动汽车过渡的另一个原因Thegrowingglobaldemandforpersonalmobilitymeansatrulygreentransporttransitionwillhappenonlybyaddressinganotherfactor.Technologicalinnovationwilltakeusonlysofar:behaviouralchangeisalsoneeded.Alongsideacogentevidence-basedstrategytodevelopelectricvehiclesanddisplacefossilfuelswemustplanandredesignurbanenvironmentsaroundtheworldtoencourageactivetransport一walkingandcycling-ratherthandriving.Thatsurelyisthebestroutetoacleaner;healthierworld.全球对个人出行的需求不断增长,这意味着只有解决另一个因素才能实现真正的绿色交通转型技术创新只会让我们走到这一步还需要改变行为除了制定一项有说服力的、基于证据的战略来发展电动汽车和取代化石燃料外,我们还必须规划和重新设计世界各地的城市环境,以鼓励积极的交通工具一一步行和骑自行车一一而不是开车这无疑是通往一个更清洁、更健康的世界的最佳途径ThishasbeenresolvedbutonlythroughaconcessiontoGermany7spowerfulautomotiveindustry.Newcarswithinternalcombustionenginescancontinuetobesoldafter2035providedtheenginesusecarbon-neutralfuelsinsteadofdieselpetrolorcompressedandliquefiedgases.Theseareclimate-damagingmovesfromaregionthathassofarledtheworldinpoliciesfordecarbonizingtransport.Theproblemliesinthephrasecarbon-neutralfuels
7.Thesefuelsrelyeitheroninputssuchasgreenhydrogenwhichismadebysplittingwaterusingrenewableelectricityoronfeedstockssuchasbiomass.Thetechnologiesusedtomakethesefuelsareinefficientexpensiveanduntestedatscale.Moreoverclaimsofclimateneutrality—basedontheideathattheCO2emittedbytheircombustionwasabsorbedrelativelyrecentlyfromthebiosphereorthatCO2producedduringtheirmanufacturewaspreventedfromenteringtheatmosphere—arequestionable.Thecapacitytomakegreenhydrogenisseverelylimitedandanyexpansionshouldbeusedtopowersectorssuchasheavyindustryforwhichviabledecarbonizationalternativesarenotyetavailable.Meanwhiletheuseofbiomasscreatesincentivestoharvestwoodanddivertagriculturallandtogrowenergycropsregardlessoftheconsequencesforlandasacarbonsinkorforbiodiversity.Itsclearwhysomeintheautomotiveindustrywanttokeeptheinternalcombustionenginealive.Theideaisattractivetoshort-sightedpolicymakerstoobecauseitreducestheneedtoplantherolloutofcharginginfrastructuretoworryaboutgridcapacityandtoteachpeopletheskillstobuildandmaintaindifferenttechnologies.Theresearchcommunitymustbeequallyclearinunderliningwhythisisafalseeconomy.Thereisonlyoneprovenviablescalableandtechnologicallyripeschemefordecarbonizingpersonalroadtransport.Thatiselectrification.Iftheelectric-vehicletransitionisfurtherdelayedtherearelikelytobecascadingeffectselsewherethatwillultimatelyputabrakeonglobaldecarbonization.Thedemandforpersonalpoweredmobilityisincreasinginlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.InAsiaalonecarsareprojectedtoaccountformorethan40%oftripstakenin2050upfrom28%in
2015.Onthebasisofcurrenttrendstherewillbethreebillioncarsandvansontheroadgloballyin2050upfromonebillionnow-anotherreasontoacceleratethetransitiontoelectricvehiclesworldwide.Thegrowingglobaldemandforpersonalmobilitymeansatrulygreentransporttransitionwillhappenonlybyaddressinganotherfactor.Technologicalinnovationwilltakeusonlysofar:behaviouralchangeisalsoneeded.Alongsideacogentevidence-basedstrategytodevelopelectricvehiclesanddisplacefossilfuelswemustplanandredesignurbanenvironmentsaroundtheworldtoencourageactivetransport—walkingandcycling—ratherthandriving.Thatsurelyisthebestroutetoacleanerhealthierworld.【重点词汇】carbonfka:ban]n.碳;复写纸;炭精棒;碳纤维adj.碳的,碳处理的【名】(carbon)(英)卡本,(西)卡尔翁,(法)卡尔邦(人名);carbonssource[so s]n.来源,出处;(问题的)原因,根源;消息人士,信息来源;河流源头,发源地;源(代)码;(电子)源极电源;(技)源v.(从某地)获得;找出……的来源【名】(source)(法)苏尔斯(人名);sources;sources;sourcing;sourced;sourcedexhaust[igzoist]v.使精疲力尽;耗尽;详尽讨论;排放排出(气体,蒸汽)n.废气排气管排气装置;exhausts;exhausts;exhausting;exhausted;exhaustedglobal[glsobsl]adj.全球的,全世界的;全面的,整体的;(计算机)全局的;球形的accelerate[aekseloreit]v.(使)加快,促进;(车辆或驾驶者)加速acceleratesacceleratingaccelerated;acceleratedmanufacture[imaenjsfaektjs]v.(用机器大量)生产,制造;编造,捏造;生成,产生(一种物质)n.大量制造,批量生产;工业品;制造业manufactures;manufacturesmanufacturing;manufactured;manufacturedinternal[intaml]adj.内部的,体内的;内政的,国内的;本身的,本质的;内心的;(大学生)本校生的n.内部部件,内部特征;内脏strap[straep]n.带子,皮带;铁皮条,金属带,钱链片;鞭打(thestrap);拉手吊带,拉手吊环v.(用带子)束住,捆绑;用绷带包扎(伤口);用皮鞭抽打鞭打;straps;straps^trapping;strapped;strappeddestination[idestineijan]n.目的地,终点目标adj.作为目的地的;destinationscommission[kamijsn]n.考察团,委员会;佣金,回扣;犯罪;委托,命令;(军队中的)官职,军衔;(尤指艺术品)委托制作;所授之权,代办权v.委托撰写,委托制作;委任,任命……为军官(使军舰)正式使用服现役commissionscommissions;commissioning;commissioned;commissionedresolve[rizolv]v.解决(问题或困难);决定,下定决心;作出决议,表决;分解,转化;(使)(症状、病情)消散,消退;解析,解离;分析;(不协和音)转向协和;(当远处物体看得更清楚时)变成;(光学仪器等)分辨;辨析(图表或光谱峰值)n.决心,坚定的信念;正式决定,决议;决定要做的事;rescdves;resolves;resolving;resolved;resolvedconcession[kanse^n]n.让步,妥协;特许权;优惠价,减价;商铺;小摊卖的东西;认输provided[praivaidid]conj.假如,只要在……条件下v.提供;规定;为(可能事件)作充分准备(provide的过去式和过去分词形式)neutral[njulrsl]adj.中立的,不偏不倚的;中性的不带感情色彩的;暗淡的,素净的;(化学中)中性的,非酸非碱的;不带电的n.(车辆排挡的)空挡;中立者,中立国;素净色,中和色;不活动,停滞;不带电的接触点;neutralscompress[ksmpres]v.(使)压紧,压缩;精简,浓缩;压缩(文件);缩短(时间)n.(止血、减痛等的)敷布,压布;compresses;compresses;compressing;compressed;compressedregion[mdssn]n.地区区域;行政区;(首都以外的)地方(theregions);身体部位;领域界;regionsinput[input]n.投入,输进;输入的信息;(为帮助某人做出决定而提供的)建议,意见;讯息输入端;(输入机器供其使用的)电力v.输入(信息);inputs;inputs;inputting;input;inputted;input;inputtedhydrogen[haidraodson]n.[化学]氢scale[skeil]n.天平磅秤;天平盘;天秤(星)座(thescales);等级,级别;刻度,标度;标尺,刻度尺;规模,范围;比例,比例尺;鳞,鳞片;鱼鳞状物;水垢;牙垢;音阶;(加热后金属上形成的)氧化皮;进位制;(摄影)影调范围V.改变(文字、图片)的尺寸大小;刮去(鱼鳞);攀登,翻越;剔除(牙垢);(尤指皮肤)生成鳞屑;(成片状)脱落,剥落;(数量,财产)按一定比例调节;称得重量为古算(树木的)产木材量adj.(模型或复制品)按比例缩小的【名】(scale)(意)斯卡莱(人名);scales;scales;scaling;scaled;scaledmoreover[moiroova]adv.止矽卜,而且claim[kleim]v.声称,断言;索E有),认领;使丧生,致命;赢得,获得;值得,需要(花时间或精力)n.声称,断言;索要,索赔;权利,所有权;要求得到的土地使用权;专利新特征申明;claims;claims;claiming;claimed;claimedemit[Pmit]v.排放,散发(尤指气体、辐射物);发出(声音或噪音);发行发表;emits;emitting;emitted;emittedcapacity[kapaesiti]n.能力,才能;容积,容纳能力;职位,职责;功率,容积;生产量,生产能力adj.无虚席的,满场的;capacitiesexpansion[ikspaen^n]n.扩大,扩张;扩充展开;扩张物;膨胀;expansionssector[sekto]n.区域,部分;(尤指商业、贸易等的)部门,行业;小群体;(尤指军队控制的)分区,防区;(磁盘上的)扇区;扇形,扇形面;函数尺,象限仪v.把……分成扇形;sectors;sectors;sectoring;sectored;sectoredalternative[oltamstiv]n.可供选择的事物,替代物adj.可替代的,备选的;非传统的,另类的;(两者)互不相容的,非此即彼的;alternativesincentive[insentiv]n.激励刺激;incentivesdivert[divait]v.使转向,使绕道;分散,转移;娱乐,供消遣;转接(电话);改变(资金材料等)的用途【名】(divert)(法)迪韦尔(人名);diverts;diverting;diverted;divertedregardless[riga:dlis]adv.不顾,不加理会;不管怎样无论如何adj.不管的,不注意的infrastructure[mfrsstrAkt^]n.下面结构;永久性军事设施;基础设施,基础建设;infrastructuresmaintain[mentein]v.保持维持;维修,保养;断言主张;赡养,抚养;支持,维护;maintainsmaintainingmaintained;maintainedeconomy[i(:)kDn9mi]n.经济;节省,简练;经济舱adj.经济实惠的【名】(economy)(英)伊科诺米(人名)economiesscheme[skum]n.(政府或其他组织的)计划,方案;(用于组织或整理信息的)系统,体系;组合,布局;阴谋,诡计;社会住宅区V.密谋,策划;认为,猜想;按色调布置【名】(scheme)(壬需典)谢默(人名);schemes;schemesscheming;schemed;schemedtransition[traenzis^n-sijsn]n.过渡转变;(分子生物)转换;(乐)临时转调;(物理)跃迁,转变v.转变,过渡;transitionstransitionstransitioningtransitionedtransitionedelsewhere[elswea]adv.在另[J处去另(J处pron.另!]处别的地方current[kArant]adj.现行的,当前的;通用的,流行的;最近的n.水流,气流;电流;思潮,趋势【名】(current)(英)柯伦特(人名);currentstrend[trend]n趋势,动态;时尚,风尚;热门话题v.趋向,倾向;(尤指地理特征的)走向;成为热门话题;trends;trends;trending;trended;trendedvan[vaen]n.(厢式)小型货车;面包车;(铁路上运送包裹、邮件等的)车厢;拖车洗锋v.用车搬运【名】(van)(老、泰、柬、缅)万(人名);vans;vans;vanning;vanned;vannedfactor[fekta]n.因素,要素;等级,系数;因数,因子;遗传因子,基因;(血液中的)凝血因子;代理公司,代理商;地产管理人,管家;测量水平V.把……作为因素计入,把......包括在内(factorin)把……作为因素排除,不把……包括在内(factorout);将……分解为因子代理经营(代管产业做代理商【名】(factor)(英)法克特(人名);factors;factors;factoring;factored;factoredinnovation[iinsoveijsn]n.新事物,新方法;革新创新;innovationsstrategy[straetidsi]n.(尤指为获得某物制定长期的)策略,行动计划;战略,战略学;strategiesdisplace[displeis]v.取代,代替;使(人或动物群体)离开家园移动,转移displacesdisplacingdisplaceddisplacedfossilffosl]n.化石;思想僵化的人;僵化的事物adj.化石的,从地下采掘出的;不变的,古老的route[ru:t]n路线,航线;道路,路途;常规路线,固定路线;(尤指作为送货工作的)例行拜访,递送路线;途径,方法;(用于美国城市间干线公路编号前)公路(route)v.按特定路线发送(车辆、货物或乘客);以……线路发送(电话或其他电子信号);routes;routes;routing;routeing;routed;routed【阅读理解练习题】Howmuchofallanthropogenicemissionscamefromtransportationin2021One-tenth.One-fifth.One-third.One-half.答案Bo中文解析见文章第一段WhatisthegoalofpolicymakersintermsofcarbonemissionsfromroadtransportTolimitglobalwarmingtosafelevels.Toeliminateallformsoffossilfueluseinvehiclesby
2025.Toreducecarbonemissionsfromroadtransporttozeroby
2050.Toincreasetheproductionofinternalcombustionengines.答案Ao中文解析见文章第二段WhyhastheEuropeanCommissionbeenembroiledinarowwithGermanyandItalyoverthe2035deadlineBecausetheydisagreeonthetimelineforreducingcarbonemissionsfromroadtransport.BecauseGermanyandItalywanttocontinuesellingcarswithinternalcombustionenginesafter
2035.BecauseGermany*sautomotiveindustryistoopowerfultobechallenged.BecausesomeEUmembersareagainstdecarbonizingtransport.答案Bo中文解析见文章第三段Whatisthefalseeconomy11mentionedinthearticle。