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真题练习2016卷一GrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsvilleTexasMildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildrenshepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Gaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccessgivingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObamasmother-in-lawMarianRobinsonhasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudygrandparentscom.83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.RobinsonsdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObamasfamily.“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldntgetawayfromhomefarenoughfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown“saysChristineCrosbypublisherofGratemagazineforgrandparents.Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthemespeciallywhenyou9reraisingchildren.Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrificesbutsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishardespeciallyknowingyouradultchildisstrugglingbutgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.WhywasGarzasmoveasuccessA.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C.Ttenabledhermakemorefriends.D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.RobinsonsdecisionA.17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C.83%believedithadabadinfluence.D.Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960sA.Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D.Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraphMakedecisionsinthebestinterests9oftheirownAsktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothemSacrificefortheirstrugglingchildrenGettoknowthemselvesbetterencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereportskeyfindingstheproportion(比彳列)whosaytheyhardlyever9readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildrenages2一8remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclinedfromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreadingthereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreadingmainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequentlycomparedtoinfrequentreadershavemorebooksinthehomemorebookspurchasedforthemparentswhoreadmoreoftenandparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproachesandschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)aheadparentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyaboutA.Childrensreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildrensbooks.C.Childrensafter-classactivities.D.Parent-childrelationships.WherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupportsnchildrenarereadingalotlessforfunnA.Inparagraph
2.B.Inparagraph
3.C.Inparagraph
4.D.Inparagraph
5.WhydomanyparentslimitelectronicreadingA.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildrenshealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.HowshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmoreA.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthemtowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.2020卷二Thaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.ThaveforaslongasTcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreadersometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.StorieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttopartiesIlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooks1checkedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamotherthelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrarywheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.alwaysreadusingdifferentvoicesasthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.NowIseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonfromgenerationtogeneration.AsanovelistIvefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycantaffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwritersabridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Librariesintheirownwayhelpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.WhichwordbestdescribestheauthorsrelationshipwithbooksasachildA.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseanaddedmeaning**inparagraph3refertoA.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.WhatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodoA.Sponsorbookfairs.B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries.D.Purchasehernovels.WhichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextA.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutWritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary2020卷Returningtoabookyouvereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.Theresawelcomefamiliarity一butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyoubothandthustherelationship.Butbooksdontchangepeopledo.Andthatswhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.ItstruetheolderIgetthemoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreadingitsallaboutthepresent.Itsaboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenowbecausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.ThefirstwhichItaketoreadingeveryspringisErnestHemingwaysAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964itshisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillardsHolytheFinnherpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar^SaveTwilight:SelectedPoemsbecausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooksthesethreeweregiventomeasgiftswhichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethatwhilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessaryrereadinganauthorsworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butrememberitsyouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.WhydoestheauthorlikerereadingA.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.B.Itsawindowtoawholenewworld.C.Itsasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast!A.Itsabriefaccountofatrip.B.ItsaboutHemingwayslifeasayoungman.C.Itsarecordofahistoricevent.D.ItsaboutHemingwaysfriendsinParis.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“currency”inparagraph4refertoA.Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.WhatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetextA.Helovespoetry.B.Hesaneditor.C.Hesveryambitious.D.Heteachesreading.2018卷Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyearsbutinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gathererssmalltightlyknit联系groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10000yearsagowhentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeopletheyspokeperhaps12000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwardsmanyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmersandtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturiestradeindustrializationthedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducationespeciallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecadesallhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappearanddominantlanguagessuchasEnglishSpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresenttheworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehotwetzoneshavelotsoftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout
1000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3200ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover
800.Themediannumber中位数ofspeakersisamere6000whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6800languagesareclosetoextinction消亡,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.PickatrandomBusuuinCamerooneightremainingspeakersChiapanecoinMexico
150.LipanApacheintheUnitedStatestwoorthreeorWadjiguinAustraliaonewithaquestion-mark:noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimesA.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatters.D.TheywerecloselyconnectedWhichofthefollowingbestexplainsndominantMunderlinedinparagraph2A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6000peopleatpresentA.About
6800.B.About
3400.C.About
2400.D.About
1200.WhatisthemainideaofthetextA.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.PeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguagesC.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.2016卷AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurleyspictureswouldbeoutstanding——undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism-iftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infacttheywereshotfrom1914through1916mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海滩),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechestunderfreezingwaterinthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEnduranceasmalltightNorwegian-builtthree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists27meninalltothesouthernmostshoreofAntarcticasWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled(雪橇)acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstoryTheEnduranceadventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scotfslastjourneycompletedashelayinatentdyingofcoldandhungercaughttheworldsimaginationandafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.ShackletonaonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurleyaconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarcticwashiredtomaketheimagesmostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurleyA.TheyweremadelastweekB.TheyshowedunderseasceneriesC.TheywerefoundbyacameramanD.TheyrecordedadisastrousadventureWhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetextA.FrankHurleyB.ErnestShackletonC.RobertFalconScottD.CarolineAlexanderWhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyageA.ArtisticcreationB.ScientificresearchC.MoneymakingD.Treasurehunting2018卷三Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyarelikeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCityforexampleisnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896DawsonCanadawasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897andtwoyearslateritwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWestwithapopulationof
30000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepathkilling63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawsonhowevertherewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20000peoplewhodugforgold4000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.ButnomatterhowrichtheywereDawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.ButsoonthegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.ThecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdownandwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaskatheyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Todaypeoplestillcomeandgo——toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis
762.
24.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCityWhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArtsmanyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShua49-year-oldChinesearchitectwonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture——onFebruary
28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhouZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhillsformingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowallsroofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wangsworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodemarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.ThroughsuchabalancehehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecturesaidTadaoAndothewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexistedhesaid.ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infacttraditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreatednhesaid.TodaymanyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.ManypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyarensaidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwisetherecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandemptyhesaid.WangswinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare.A.followingthelatestworldtrendB.gettinginternationalrecognitionC.workingharderthaneverbeforeD.relyingonforeignarchitectsWhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmostA.Itshillyenvironment.B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdiversefunctions.WhatmadeWangsarchitecturaldesignasuccessA.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWangA.Spreadthemtotheworld.B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities.D.Recreatetheminpractice.2019卷三ForWesterndesignersChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“ItsnosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesignersJsaysAmandaHillchiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworksaglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.EarlierthisyeartheChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofartwiththeaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.TheexhibitionhadrecordattendanceshowingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook/5saysHill.ChinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworldwhichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.Ofcoursenotonlyaretoday9stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.VeraWangAlexanderWangJasonWuaretakingoaGallianoAlbazMarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsalesJaddsHill.ForHillitisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinesesoarethemodelsandsoaretheconsumersJshesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.IfyoutalkaboutfashiontodayyouaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluencesitsdirectionitsbreathtakingclothesandhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYorkA.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomenA.Theyaresettingthefashion.B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels.D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takingon”inparagraph4meanA.learningfromB.lookingdownonC.workingwithD.competingagainstWhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextYoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldAChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkDifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends2020卷三Wearetheproductsofevolutionandnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCellateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofoodbuttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajauasthesepeopleareknownnumberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesiaMalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimestheyvealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland*saidRedneyC.JubiladoaUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdiversspearfishingorharvestingshellfish.Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders/Dr.Jubiladosaid.Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In201MelissaIlardothenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagenheardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation/1saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.
32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajauA.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextA.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch2021乙卷WhenalmosteveryonehasamobilephonewhyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline(座机)?Thesedaysyou*dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesntownamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhereanytime.Still55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey(调查).OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandlineathirdconcedethatitsnotreallynecessaryandtheyrekeepingitasasecurityblanket-19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor(因素)一only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthencomparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswhoveperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisnttheonlyfactor;Idsayitsalsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilieslikemywifeandIcanstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.ThatsaidtobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparentstothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).HowattachedareyoutoyourlandlineHowlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephonesA.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign..Whatdoestheunderlinedwordconcedeinparagraph3meanA.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark..WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomersA.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers9identity.C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily..WhatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraphA.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.2021乙卷DuringaninterviewforoneofmybooksmyinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干扰)inhisopenofficehesaidThatswhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet——soIcanfocus.nHiscommentstruckmeas2019卷二MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeachsBarLouiecounterbyherselfquietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.WhatisshereadingNoneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtePs“metime.AndlikemoreAmericansshesnotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf53percenthavebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf46percenthavelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore74percentaccordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alonebuttogetheryouknow”Bechtelsaidlookingupfromherbook.BechteLwhoworksindowntownWestPalmBeachhaslunchwithcoworkerssometimesbutlikemanyofustoooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“TodayIjustwantedsometimetomyself“shesaid.justtwoseatsoverAndrewMazolenyalocalvideographerisfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhesonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction交流.“IreflectonhowmydaysgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweekJhesaid.“Itsachanceforself^reflectionYoureturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforonebutthosedaysareover.Nowwehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.Itdoesntfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealtheadvancesintechnology“saidLaurieDemeritwhosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport..Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2aboutA.Foodvariety.B.Eatinghabits.C.Tablemanners.D.Restaurantservice..WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunchstrange.Afterallcoworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackgroundfromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分贝)70decibelsand85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;howevertheparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmallthismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificantthestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise-nottooloudandnottotalsilence-mayactuallyimproveonescreativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowanderwithoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindofndistractedfocus*appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.SowhydosomanyofushateouropenofficesTheproblemmaybethatinourofficeswecantstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers9conversationswhileweretryingtofocus.Indeedtheresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocessandyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions..WhydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspaceA.Ithelpshimconcentrate.B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions..WhichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingabilityA.Totalsilence.B.50decibels.C.70decibels.D.85decibels..WhatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeopleA.Personalprivacyunprotected.B.Limitedworkingspace.C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D.Constantinterruptions..WhatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetextA.He*sanewsreporter.B.Hesonofficemanager.C.Hesaprofessionaldesigner.D.Hesapublishedwriter.Sharingphotosofyourchildrenonlinecanbearewardingexperienceandawaytoconnectwithotherparents.Butyoumustbepreparedtoberesponsibleaboutwhatyoupost.Nowadays:raisingchildrenismoreisolatedendeavor(孤立的努力)thaneverbefore.Iliveforexamplethousandsofmilesfrommyfamily.InthisatmosphereofmodernparenthoodweallstruggletomakeitthroughthedayandtheInternethasbecomeanincrediblesourceofsupport.Intheearlyyearsofmotheringtwinsoneofthethingsthatbroughtmethemosthappinesswaspostingpicturesofthemonawebsite.Sharingthosephotosandengagingwithanonlinecommunitywasalifeline.Manypeoplefearthosepictureswillspreadfurtherthanintended.Tomethatspartofthejoyofit.MyworkasawriterhashelpedmecreateacommunityonsocialmediaandtheimagesIpostofmychildrenallowmetoengagewitharangeoffriendsIwouldntnecessarilyincludeonatailoredlist.Idelightinseeingtheirphotostoo.Youdon*tknowwhomapicturewilltouchandwhatconnectionwillbemade.Unexpectedpeoplehaveseenmypicturesandcommentedonhowmuchtheyenjoyedthemorcouldrelatetothem.Iknowthereismuchconcernaboutthepotentialdangersinsharingpicturesofchildren.AscriticsH.17-#ofsharingphotographsarguetheremightwellbemuchabouttheeffectsoftheInternetwedon*tyetknow.Therearealwaysunpredictableresultswhenitcomestonewtechnologies-buttherearealwaysnewsolutions.Insteadoffearingtheunknownweshouldhugthedigitalworldandallithastoofferbyinteractingwithitinacivilizedanddignified有尊严的way.Ourchildrenarethefirsttogrowuplivinginscreenssoaretheythefirsttoberaisedintheageofonlineparenting.WeshouldbeusingourownfirstattemptsintotheInternetasanopportunity:Parentingisnothingifnotsettingagoodexample.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutmodernparentingA.Itisnotaneasytask.B.Itneverlacksrelatives1support.C.Itbringsmorehappiness.D.ItisdeterminedbytheInternet.Whatdoestheunderlinedworditinparagraph3refertoA.Overcominginnerfear.B.Spreadingpicturesfurther.C.Buildinganonlinecommunity.D.Postingphotosofchildrenonline.HowshouldwedealwiththedigitalworldintheauthorsopinionA.Byinteractingwithitcasually.B.Bygettingconnectedwithitpositively.C.Bystayingawayfromit.D.Byignoringitspotentialdangers.WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextHowShouldParentsRaiseChildreninaDigitalWorldBenefitsofPostingPhotosofChildrenonSocialMediaC.ShouldParentsSharePhotosofTheirChildrenOnlineD.CommonProblemsofRaisingChildrenonSocialMediaInAustralialikemanyplacesaroundtheworldabout95%ofthepeopleuseGooglewhentheysearchtheInternetfornewandrecentlychangedwebpages.BecausesomanypeopleturntoGooglessitefirstbeforeevergoingtoanewswebsitenewsisabigmoney-makerforthecompany.AustraliaisconsideringabillthatwillchargeGoogleforshowinglinkstoAustraliannewsweb.siteswhichareupsetthatGoogleismakingmoneybyshowinglinkstoarticlesontheirownsites.Inrecentyearsaslargetechnologycompanieshavegottenrichermanynewssiteshavelostmoney.OnewayGooglemakesmoneyisbyshowingadsonthesesearchpages.Manypeoplewereshockedattheidea.ThatsbecausetheInternetisbuiltonlinks.SincetheInternetbeganlinkshavealwaysbeenfree.Whenitcomestocopyright(版权),itsagainstthelawtousesomeoneelsesarticlesorpictureswithouttheirpermission.ButithasalwaysbeenlegalforanyoneincludingbigcompaniestolinktoanyotherwebpageontheInternetwithoutpayingany-thing.TimBerners-LeeisthemanwhodevelopedtheideasthatledtotheInternet.HesaysAustraliasbillruinsthefreelinkingthatissoimportanttotheInternet.Hethinksthebillshouldberewritten.Googleagrees.ThecompanysaysitwantstoworkoutanagreementthatsfairertoAustraliannewssitesbutthatitcantpayforlinks.Googlepointsoutthatithasabout450agreementsindifferentpartsoftheworldwhereitpaysfortherighttoshowtheresultsofitssearches.Googlesaysifthebillisn*tchangeditwillhavetostopitsworkinAustralia.Manypeopleworrythatoncesomegroupsareforcedtopayforlinksinonepartoftheworldothergovernmentswillcreatesimilarlaws.TheyreconcernedthatintheendtheInternetwillbelessfreeopenandusefulforeveryone.WhatwillthebillmakeGoogledotoAustraliannewswebsitesA.Providewebpagesforthem..B.Reduceitsadsonthem.C.Shareitsbusinesswiththem.D.Payforitslinkstothem.WhatisParagraph3mainlyaboutA.Peoplesquestiononthebill.B.Differentopinionsofthecopyright.C.TheInternetcopyrightprotection.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartnitsworkinthelastparagraphrefertoInwhichsectionofanewspaperdoesthetextmostprobablyappearInthepastfewyearsithasalwaysbeennotgoodforprintmedia.Aswellasthedecliningadvertisingrevenues(收入),theindustryhadtolastasaresultwhichcausedsomenewspaperstostoppublishing.Forexampleatthestartof2014afamouscitydailyShanghaiEveningPoststoppeditsoperations.Inlightofthiswhetherprintmediawilldieornothasonceagainenteredintothespotlight.Backin2005PhilipMeyeraprofessoremeritusattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHillpredictedthattherewouldbenodailynewspaperreadersbytheendoffirstquarterof2043inhisbookTheVanishingNewspaper:SavingJournalismintheInformationAge.Manysubscribetothisview.InfactsomesuggesttheendwillcomebeforethenasthewritingseemstobeonthewallforprintmediainthefaceoftheunstoppableriseoftheInternetandtheseeminglyubiquitous(无所不在的)ownershipofsmartphones.IntheUnitedStatestheadvertisingrevenueofGooglenowisfarmorethanthecombinedadvertisingrevenueofallprintmedia.Thereforeformanythereisnodoubtthatprintednewspaperswillsoondisappearandtheonlythingishowsoonwewillwitnesstheirpassing.TheInternethasalreadybroughtshrinkingcirculationsandfallingadvertisingrevenues.MicroblogsandsocialmediasuchasWeChathaveputadditionalpressureonnewspaperswiththosewhoarepredictingtheirdisappearancesayingthattheycannotcompetewithnewmediaintermsofspeedofdeliveryandinteractiveness.Forpessimiststhenewspaperindustryisreallyadeadtreeindustry.Howevernoteveryoneissopessimistic(悲观的);therearestillsoreoptimistswhoargue“itisonlythedyingpaperthatofferslivenewsforever
1.Theyrefertotheadvantagesofprintmedia一theirabilitytocoverstoriesindepththeireaseofuseandeventheirportability——asreasonstheywillsurvive.HowdidtheauthorsupporthisargumentinParagraph1A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bygivingadefinition.C.Bylistingstatistics.D.Bymakingcomparisons.WhydoestheauthormentionPhilipMeyerandhisbookA.Toshowheisasuccessfulwriter.B.Toshowhisbookisabestseller.C.Toproveprintmediawilldie.D.Toproveprintmediaareintrouble.WhatistheadvantageofnewmediacomparedwithprintmediaA.Theireaseofuse.B.Theirportability.C.Thedepthofthereporting.D.Timelinessandinteractivity.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetextA.WillprintmediadieonedayB.HowdonewspapersdevelopC.AdvantagesoftheInternetD.TheadvertisingrevenueofprintmediaDuringarecentlunchtimerushhourataChineserestauranttherewerenowaiterscominguptotakediners*orders.InsteadtherestaurantoperatorgreetedcustomerswithareminderthattheycouldselecttheirmealbyscanningtheQRcodeontheirtables.Sixmonthsearliertherestauranthadswitchedovertothisscan-to-ordersystemwhichrequiredcustomerstofirstfollowtherestaurantsaccountonsocialappWeChatbeforetheycouldchoosetheirdishes.Theoperatorsawitasawin-win-winsituation:Customerscouldordertheirfoodquicklytheandtheirrestaurantwouldneedfewerstaffmembersandtheirsocialmediaaccountwouldseemoreengagement-theyvegainedalargenumberoffollowersoverthepasthalfyearshesaid.WithsuchobviousbenefitstobusinessesQRcodeorderinghasbeenwidelyadoptedacrossChina.Usuallybuiltontopofthemini-appandpaymentfunctionsofWeChatsuchsystemsallowcustomerstoviewanup-to-datemenuontheirphoneorderwithouthavingtoflagdownawaiterandpaydirectly.Somerestaurantshaveevenintroducedjoint-orderingappssogroupsofdinerscanseewhateachotherhaschosen.Inmanyrestaurantsscan-to-orderhasbecomeverycommon.MostcustomershaverecognizedtheconvenienceofscanningaORcodetoorderfood.HoweversomesaidtheexperiencewassometimessubparC低于标准的)duelobadInternetconnectionsorcomplicatedorderingmenus.AsfortheadditionalrequirementsthatappearedwhenorderingfoodsuchasbeingforcedtofollowaWeChataccounthavingtoregisteroracceptautomaticmembershiporinputtheirnameandcellphonenumberthemajoritybelievedthattheirprivacywasbeingviolatedandwereconcernedabouttheriskofinformationleaks.Onecustomersaidthatafterfollowingtheofficialaccountshefoundthatthepushmessageswouldoftenbotherher.SheadmittedthatshedoftenrevokeanaccountaftereatingorelseenterafalsenamenumberandbirthdaywhenregisteringtobecomeamembersothatIcanprotectmyselfn.WhatisspecialabouttheChineserestaurantinParagraph1A.Itisaself-serviceonewithawidechoice.B.Itisnolongerequippedwithdining-tables.C.CustomersordertheirfoodbyscanningaQRcode.D.CustomersareallowedtoenteritbyscanningaQRcode.Whatistherestaurantoperatorsattitudetowardsthisscan-to-ordersystemA.Supportive.B.Ambiguous.C.Cautious.D.Sceptical.WhatisthethirdparagraphmainlytalkingaboutJoint-orderingappsaremoreimportantthanORcode.QRcodeorderinghasgainedwideacceptanceinChina.Scan-to-orderalsocausesalotoftroubletogroupsofdiners.Themini-appandpaymentfunctionsofWeChataresignificant.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordrevokeinthelastparagraphmeanA.CheckB.Promote.C.Submit.D.Cancel.Aremarkablestudyfrom1976givesussomeinsightintohowandwhyrelationshipswithourneighborscanbesogoodforus.Surprisinglytoscientistsatthattimeresultsshowedthatcontactwithfamilymembers一evenonesownchildren一hadlittleimpactfeelingsofwell-beingorwillpower.Meanwhilefriendshipsespeciallythosewithneighborspredictedlowerlevelsoflonelinessandworryhigherlevelsoffeelingsofusefulnessandself-perceivedrespectwithinthecommunity.Thestudysuggeststhatacquaintanceandfriendshipwithneighborsaremoreeffectiveatincreasingwell-beingsincetheyarebasedonnearnesscommoninterestsandlifestylechoices.Theneighborhoodrelationshipsarealsodevelopedvoluntarily.Familytiesontheotherhandareoftencharacterizedbyasenseofresponsibilityphysicaldistanceandpersonaldisharmony.Laterstudiesconfirmtheimportanceofclosefriendshipsforpeopleover65highlightingtheparticularimportanceoffrequentcontact.Morerecentstudiesshowthatneighborlysupportisassociatedwithbetterwell-beingforindividualsinmid-to-latelife.Dataregardingneighborlyrelationshipsandgeneralwell-beingfrom1071adultsaged40-70fromtheNationalSurveyofMidlifeDevelopmentintheUSwascollectedin1995andagainfromthesameindividualsin
2005.Thestudyfoundthatthosewhohadlowcontactwithneighborsatthetimeofbothsamplesaswellasthosewhoexperiencedareductionincontactwithneighborsovertheyearsexperienceddownwardtrendsinwell-beingasindicatedbyfeelingsofsadnessnervousnessrestlessnesshopelessnessandworthlessness.Itiscrucial(至关重要的)tonoteherethedifferencebetweenfriendshipandneighboringorrelationshipswithneighbors.Whilefriendshipsarebasedoncommonaffectionneighboringatitscoreisaninstrumentalrelationshipthatiscatalyzed(催化)bynearness.Butitdoesnthavetobethisway.Whereneighborsarealsoclosefriendsthepotentialbenefitsareclear.Whilebothfriendshipandneighboringarebeneficialtowell-beingtheyaremosteffectivewhenthetypesofsupportandassistancefrombothcoincide(同时发生).WhatdoesthestudyfindNeighborsaremoreinfluentialtopeoplethanfamilymembers.Peoplevalueneighborsmorethanfamilymembers.Neighborsinfluencepeopleasmuchastheirownchildrendo.Thefriendshipsbetweenneighborscanlastforever.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraph2A.ByanalyzingdataB.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bygivinginstructions.D.ByfollowingtheorderWhatdeterminesneighborlyrelationshipsaccordingtothetextA.Acommonlifegoal.B.Responsibility.C.Physicaldistance.D.Nearness.WhatcanwelearnfromthetextTheconflictsbetweenrelativesandneighborsareeasytooccur.Acloseneighborisbetterthanabrotherfaroff.Theneighborhoodrelationshipsareformedundercompulsion.Contactwithfamilymembersisindifferent.2020卷二Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchildbutresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevineanexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicagofoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparentsincomeeducationandtheamountofparenttalkLevinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnotontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapesJLevinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywouldandabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequentlyandbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.Howeverboystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirlsandtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentScience.InwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplayA.Buildingconfidence.B.DevelopingspatialskillsC.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperimentA.Parents9age.B.Childrensimagination.C.Parentseducation.D.Child-parentrelationship.HowdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplayA.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.
27.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.Amathematicalmethod.B.AscientificstudyC.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.2020卷三Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.ThedoorwaytopeaceandquietforNickBrightatleastleadsstraighttohismother-in-law:shelivesonthegroundfloorwhilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.TheyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachinebutRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchenbathroombedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“WefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouseJsaysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkitsabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law79AndwhatdoesNickthinkFrommystandpointitallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommenditYesIthinkIwould.”Itshardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhimbutresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325000in2001to419000in
2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhomeiftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparentscomparedwith16%in
1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout
1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndiaparticularlyoutsidecitiesyoungwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband*sfamilywhentheygetmarried.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristolA.Nick.B.Rita.C.Kathryn.D.Thedaughters.WhatisNicksattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-lawA.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.Whatistheauthorsstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon2017卷三TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB“inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwellbeingamongolderpeopleleadingtothembecomingmoreisolated(隔名色)andinactive.LedbyProfessorPhilBlythetheNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.Theseincludecustom-madenavigation(导航)toolsnightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:Formanyolderpeopleparticularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountrydrivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependencegivingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.”DrAmyGuotheleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudyexplainsTheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeypointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.“Forexamplemostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisinglywefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.Werelookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel.”.WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLABA.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.C.Tofindoutolderdriversproblems..WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlytheA.Itkeepsthemindependent.B.Ithelpsthemsavetime.C.Itbuildsuptheirstrength.D.Itcurestheirmentalillnesses..Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers2016卷一Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtfulortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornnessorworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(「可隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingapersonsneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeoplejustassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Thereforewhenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystopswhatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Intheseculturessilenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherwaysparticularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.ForexampleRussianFrenchandSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.HoweverMexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.InstillanotherusepersonsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespectparticularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatientssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing台愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.
32.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversationsA.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.WhichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthoughtA.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence2018卷二Weveallbeenthere:inaliftinlineatthebankoronanairplanesurroundedbypeoplewhoarelikeusdeeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesorworsestrugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.WhatstheproblemItspossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.Itsmorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseitsawkwardandchallengingorwethinkitsannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangersconsiderthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayitsaninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasybutwecantforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldntevenexistifitwerentforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunicationsaysBernardoCarduccidirectoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalknheexplains.Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothersnotjustcommunicatewiththem.HIna2014studyElizabethDunnassociateprofessorofpsychologyatUBCinvitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theothertospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.ItsnotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusbandsaysDunn.”Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.HDunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelongingabondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmannersnhesays.WhatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraphA.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducciA.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk2019卷一Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokeswhichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteensandmeangirlsandcoolkids.TheyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettesbreakingrulesandplayingjokesonothersamongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinsteinaprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables5plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendshipsjump-startinterpersonalskillsandwhentappedearlyareemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thentheresthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.EnviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemedDr.Prinsteinsstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschoolaswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschoolare“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”InonestudyDr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescentsscoringtheleastlikedthemostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究)“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustmenthighstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydatesharingkindnessopenness-carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.InanalyzinghisandotherresearchDr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomesbutitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomestoo.HBeinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantagehesaid.WhatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschoolA.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.WhatisthesecondparagraphmainlyaboutA.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.WhatdidDr.PrinsteinsstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkidsA.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.Aggressiveness2016卷二Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.NowthewebsiteBookCrossing.comturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplacehopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventuretravelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.BrucePedersonthemanagingdirectorofBookCrossingsays“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.^^Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbusesintrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrossingtokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.Brucepetersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktotherealandnotthevirtual(虚拟).Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.WhydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraphA.Toexplainwhattheyare.B.TointroduceBookCrossing.C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refertoA.Thebook.B.Anadventure.C.Apublicplace.D.Theidentificationnumber.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit2018卷二TeensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfunaccordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.WhilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaderssomedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildrenslivesandindicateshowparentsmighthelpA.Itsbusinessculture.C.Itsgeographicalposition.WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofiA.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.C.Almosteveryonegaveup.WhatwasthemainreasonformanyA.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.Theriseandfallofacity.C.Journeysintothewilderness.2018卷三B.Itssmallpopulation.D.Itsfavourableclimate.irstdugforgoldinDawsonB.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.D.Halfofthemdied.peopletoleaveDawsonB.Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.D.Theywereshortoffood.B.ThegoldrushinCanada.D.TourisminDawson.。
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