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高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:学生需要更健康的食物【原标题】Schoolmealsareladenwithsugarandsodium...healthierfood【原文】LesssugarlowersodiumandmorewholegrainsareamongthenewguidelinesforschoolmealsunderconsiderationbytheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture.Thesearereasonablenecessarychangesconsideringthatabout1in5U.S.childrenareobeseaconditionthatcanleadtoseriouslifelonghealthconsequencesifitcontinuesintoadulthood.TheUSDAsgoalistomorecloselyalignschoolmealstandardswiththeDietaryGuidelinesforAmericanswhichdetailsingredientsforahealthydiet.Forexampletheseguidelinescallforlimitingaddedsugarstolessthan10%ofdailycalories.Incomparisonaddedsugarsprovideabout17%ofcaloriesinschoolbreakfastsandabout11%inschoollunches.CurrentlytheUSDAdoesnothaveguidelineslimitingsugarinschoolmeals.Meetingthenewnutritionalstandardswillmeanthatschoolswillhavetocutsomeproductsreplacingthemwithonesthatmeetthenewsugarandsodiumguidelines.TheInternationalDairyFoodsAssnearlierthismonthindicateditwouldvoluntarilyreducesugarsinflavoredmilksothatdistrictnutritiondirectorsworrythatkidswon7teathealthiermealsiftheyarenottasty.Oneofthepubliccommentssubmittedstates:〃IfwechangetheproposedrestrictionsIbelievewewillseeasignificantdropinchildrenactuallyeatingatschool.Wecurrentlystrugglewithgettingkidstoacceptthecurrentmealpattern.zTheUSDAhasalreadyreceivedmorethan77000publiccommentsontheproposedguidelinesandisacceptingmorethroughMay.Thechangeswilltakeeffectinfall
2024.拟议的指导方针将分阶段实施,这是一个明智的做法,因为许多学区的营养主管担心,如果饭菜不好吃孩子们就不会吃得更健康其中一份公众评论说〃如果我们改变提议的限制,我相信我们会看到孩子们在学校吃饭的人数大幅下降我们目前正在努力让孩子们接受目前的饮食模式〃美国农业部已经收到了超过77000份关于拟议指南的公众意见,并将在5月之前接受更多意见这些变化将于2024年秋季生效Certainlychangesarenzteasyparticularlywhenchildrenhavebecomeaccustomedtocertaintypesoffood.Itmaybedifficulttochangekids7palatesiftheyareusedtoconsumingsugarydrinksandhigh-sodiumfoodssuchaschickennuggets.当然,改变并不容易,尤其是当孩子们已经习惯了某些类型的食物时如果孩子们习惯于喝含糖饮料和高钠食物,比如鸡块,改变他们的口味可能会很困难Stillschoolshavearesponsibilitytoprovidenutritionallybalancedmealsbecausethefoodtheyprovidemaybetheonlyfullmealsthatmanykidswilleatinaday.Obesityismoreprevalentamongkidsinlower-incomefamiliesthanthosewithhigherincomesaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Nutritiousmealsareakeypartofhelpingleveltheplayingfieldintheeducationalattainmentoflower-incomestudentsespeciallyLatinoandBlackchildren.Inadequatenutritionhindersstudentsconcentrationandcanalsotriggerabsences.然而,学校有责任提供营养均衡的膳食,因为他们提供的食物可能是许多孩子一天中唯一吃的正餐美国疾病控制与预防中心CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention的数据显示氐收入家庭的孩子比高收入家庭的孩子更容易肥胖营养膳食是帮助低收入学生,特别是拉丁裔和黑人儿童在教育成就方面公平竞争的关键部分营养不足会影响学生的注意力,也会导致缺课A2015studyintheHealthAffairsjournalfoundthatimprovingnutritionstandardsinschoolmealswereamongthetopthreemostsuccessfulandcost-effectivepublichealthsolutionstochildhoodobesity.Researchersfoundthatexcessweighttakestimetoaccumulateindicatingthatevensmallchangesindietcanmakeadifference.《卫生事务》杂志2015年的一项研究发现,改善学校膳食的营养标准是解决儿童肥胖问题最成功、最具成本效益的三大公共卫生解决方案之一研究人员发现,多余的体重需要时间来积累,这表明即使饮食上的微小变化也会产生影响Obesityisacomplexdiseasethatinvolvesgeneticphysiologicsocioeconomicandenvironmentalcontributors.Howeveritsclearthatprovidingmorenutritiousmealstokidsatschoolscanplayanimportantroleinaddressingtheepidemicofchildhoodobesity.Itmightseemdifficulttomakechangestothedietsofkidsbuthealthierschoolmealswillpayoffinthelongrun.肥胖是一种复杂的疾病,涉及遗传、生理、社会经济和环境因素然而,很明显,为学校的孩子们提供更有营养的膳食可以在解决儿童肥胖流行病方面发挥重要作用改变孩子们的饮食似乎很难,但从长远来看,更健康的学校膳食将会带来回报childrencouldstillhavetheoptionofflavoredmilk.Theproposedguidelineswouldbeimplementedinphaseswhichisasmartapproachbecausemanyschooldistrictnutritiondirectorsworrythatkidswon7teathealthiermealsiftheyarenottasty.Oneofthepubliccommentssubmittedstates:IfwechangetheproposedrestrictionsIbelievewewillseeasignificantdropinchildrenactuallyeatingatschool.Wecurrentlystrugglewithgettingkidstoacceptthecurrentmealpattern.TheUSDAhasalreadyreceivedmorethan77000publiccommentsontheproposedguidelinesandisacceptingmorethroughMay.Thechangeswilltakeeffectinfall
2024.Certainlychangesaren7teasyparticularlywhenchildrenhavebecomeaccustomedtocertaintypesoffood.Itmaybedifficulttochangekids7palatesiftheyareusedtoconsumingsugarydrinksandhigh-sodiumfoodssuchaschickennuggets.Stillschoolshavearesponsibilitytoprovidenutritionallybalancedmealsbecausethefoodtheyprovidemaybetheonlyfullmealsthatmanykidswilleatinaday.Obesityismoreprevalentamongkidsinlower-incomefamiliesthanthosewithhigherincomesaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Nutritiousmealsareakeypartofhelpingleveltheplayingfieldintheeducationalattainmentoflower-incomestudentsespeciallyLatinoandBlackchildren.Inadequatenutritionhinders7studentsconcentrationandcanalsotriggerabsences.A2015studyintheHealthAffairsjournalfoundthatimprovingnutritionstandardsinschoolmealswereamongthetopthreemostsuccessfulandcost-effectivepublichealthsolutionstochildhoodobesity.Researchersfoundthatexcessweighttakestimetoaccumulateindicatingthatevensmallchangesindietcanmakeadifference.Obesityisacomplexdiseasethatinvolvesgeneticphysiologicsocioeconomicandenvironmentalcontributors.Howeveritsclearthatprovidingmorenutritiousmealstokidsatschoolscanplayanimportantroleinaddressingtheepidemicofchildhoodobesity.Itmightseemdifficulttomakechangestothedietsofkidsbuthealthierschoolmealswillpayoffinthelongrun.【重点词汇】lower[Isos]adj.(尤指在同类中处于)较下的,下方的;在底部的,近底部的;次重要的,较低级的;(数字或数量)较小的;向南的;早期的v.减少,降低;把……放低,使……降下;降低,贬低(身份);变昏暗,变阴沉;露愠色adv.处于较低位置地,向低处下降地【名】(lower)(美、英)洛厄(人名)Jowerslowering;lowered;loweredguideline:n.指导方针,准贝[J;参考;guidelinesconsideration[ksnsidsreijsn]n.考虑,斟酌;考虑因素;体贴,关心;报酬,酬金;(合同协议中的)对价,约因;重要(性);considerationsreasonable[mznabl]adj.有道理的合情理的;(人)通情达理的,讲道理的;适度的,合适的;(价格)公道的;还算好的,尚可的;相当大的,(数量)不少的ingredient[ingrudiant]n.(食品的)成分,原料;要素因素adj.构成组成部分的;ingredientsdairypdea川adj.奶制的,乳品的;乳品业的生产乳品的n.乳品公司,乳品店;乳制品;牛奶场,乳品场;地方小店;乳牛;dairiesflavor[fleiva]n.情味风味;香料滋味vt.加味于flavors;flavors;flavoring;flavored;flavoredoptionfop^n]n.可选择的事物;选择,选择权;(将来的)买卖选择权利,期权;(计算机程序中的)选项;选修课;(购买新设备,尤其是汽车时提供的)附件,配件v.买卖(某物的)期权;options;options;optioning;optioned;optionedpropose[prspsoz]v.提议,建议;提出(理论或解释);提名,推荐;计划,打算;求婚;(向立法机构或委员会)提交(动议);提议祝(酒);proposesproposing;proposed;proposed工具,器具;履行;手段implementsimplementsimplementing;implemented;implementedphase[feiz]n.(发展或变化的)阶段,时期;做出某种行为的短时期;(动物生活周期或年周期的)阶段,期;(月亮的)位相,盈亏;同步,协调;(化)相;(动)(由遗传或季节引起的)动物颜色变化(期);(物理)相位,相角;(线圈的)匝,(多相电机或电路的)连接;(语言学)(系统语法用语)相(指链接动词与后续动词的关系);相结构(含有链接动词和后续动词的结构)v.分阶段进行(物理)使相位同步,使定相phasesphasesphasing;phased;phasednutrition[nju:tri^n]n.营养,滋养;营养学;食物,营养物significant[sigmfikant]adj.显著的相当数量的;重要的,意义重大的;别有含义的,意味深长的n.象征,有意义的事物current[kArsnt]adj.现行的当前的;通用的流行的;最近的n.水流,气流;电流;思潮,趋势【名】(current)(英)柯伦特(人名);currentsprevalent[prevslsnt]adj.盛行的,普遍的accord[ako d]n.协议条约;符合,一致v.使受到,给予(某种待遇)X与……)—致,符合;accords;accordsaccording;accorded;accordedconcentration[ikonsentrei^n]n.专/匕专注;关注重视;集中,聚集;含量,浓度;concentrationstrigger[triga]n.(枪械等的)扳机;(尤指引发不良反应或发展的)起因,诱因;(炸弹的)引爆器,触发器v.引发,激发;起动,触发;引爆(炸弹)【名】(trigger)特里杰(人名);triggers;triggers;triggering;triggered;triggeredeffective[Ifektiv]adj.产生预期结果的,有效的;实际的,事实上的;(法津规则等)生效的,起作用的;给人深刻印象的n.实际可作战的士兵;effectivesexcess[iksesekses]n.超过过量;越轨行为暴行;无节制,无度;(保险中的)免赔额adj.过多的,超额的;额外的,附力□的;excesses;excesses;excessing;excessed;excessedaccumulate[9kju^jsleit]v.积累,积攒accumulates;accumulating;accumulated;accumulatedinvolve[invdIv]v牵涉涉及;包含需要;使陷入,使卷入卷使)参加,加入;使承担,使面对;involves;involving;involved;involvedgenetic[dsinetik]adj.基因的,遗传学的;有共同起源的epidemic[lepidemik]n.流行病,传染病;(迅速的)盛行,蔓延adj.盛行的泛滥的;epidemics【阅读理解练习题】WhatisthemaingoaloftheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculturesnewguidelinesforschoolmealsToincreasethenumberofwholegrainsinschoolmeals.Toreducethenumberofcaloriesinschoolmeals.Tolimittheamountofaddedsugarsandsodiuminschoolmeals.Toreplaceallunhealthyfoodoptionswithhealthieralternatives.答案co文章第一句话提到,美国农业部正在考虑更新学校餐食指南,其中包括减少糖分、减少钠含量等措施WhatisthecurrentpercentageofaddedsugarsinschoolbreakfastsLessthan10%About11%About17%Morethan20%答案Co文章第二段提到,目前学校早餐中的添加糖分占总卡路里的约17%HowdoschoolsplantomeetthenewnutritionalstandardsBygraduallyimplementingthenewguidelinesinphases.Bycompletelyeliminatingallunhealthyfoodoptions.Byallowingstudentstobringtheirownlunchesfromhome.Byaddingmorephysicalactivityprogramstotheschoolday.答案A文章第三段提到,新的营养标准会分阶段实施,这是一个聪明的做法WhyarechangestoschoolmealsconsideredimportantTheycanhelpaddresstheissueofchildhoodobesity.Theycanprovidechildrenwithawidervarietyoffoodoptions.Theycanimproveacademicperformanceinschools.Theycanhelplower-incomefamiliessavemoneyongroceries.答案Ao文章中多次提到,学校餐食的改善可以帮助解决儿童肥胖问题,而儿童肥胖会对成年后的健康造成严重影响Whatdida2015studyintheHealthAffairsjournalfindThatchildhoodobesityisprimarilycausedbygenetics.Thatallschoolmealsshouldbereplacedwithhealthieralternatives.Thatsmallchangesindietcanmakeadifferenceincombatingchildhoodobesity.Thatprovidingnutritiousmealsinschoolshasnoimpactonacademicperformance.答案C文章倒数第二段提到,一项2015年的研究发现,改善学校餐食中的营养标准是解决儿童肥胖问题最成功、最具成本效益的公共卫生方案之一研究人员发现,超重需要时间积累,这说明即使是小的饮食变化也可能产生影响【长难句分析】Thesearereasonablenecessarychangesconsideringthatabout1in5U.S.childrenareobeseaconditionthatcanleadtoseriouslifelonghealthconsequencesifitcontinuesintoadulthood.主句是主系表结构(therebe句型)consideringthatabout1in5U.S.childrenareobese是现在分词作原因状语,that引导宾语从句acondition是同位语,thatcanleadtoseriouslifelonghealthconsequences是定语从句ifitcontinuesintoadulthood是条件状语从句考虑到大约五分之一的美国儿童肥胖,这些都是合理的、必要的改变,如果肥胖的情况持续到成年,可能会导致严重的终身健康后果【语言点积累】学习laden的用法这个词作形容词,表示heavilyloadedwithsomethingorcontainingalotofsomething装;茜的,茜载的,其后接with例Thetableswereladenwithfood.那些桌子上摆满了食物此夕卜,这个词可表示havingalotofaparticularqualitythingetc充满〔某种品质、东西等〕的,例Shewasladenwithdoubtsabouttheaffair.她心中对此事充满疑问【全文翻译】LesssugarlowersodiumandmorewholegrainsareamongthenewguidelinesforschoolmealsunderconsiderationbytheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture.Thesearereasonablenecessarychangesconsideringthatabout1in5U.S.childrenareobeseaconditionthatcanleadtoseriouslifelonghealthconsequencesifitcontinuesintoadulthood.美国农业部正在研究制定的学校膳食新指导方针包括少糖、低钠和更多全谷物考虑到大约五分之一的美国儿童肥胖,这些都是合理的、必要的改变,如果肥胖的情况持续到成年,可能会导致严重的终身健康后果TheUSDAsgoalistomorecloselyalignschoolmealstandardswiththeDietaryGuidelinesforAmericanswhichdetailsingredientsforahealthydiet.Forexampletheseguidelinescallforlimitingaddedsugarstolessthan10%ofdailycalories.Incomparisonaddedsugarsprovideabout17%ofcaloriesinschoolbreakfastsandabout11%inschoollunches.CurrentlytheUSDAdoesnothaveguidelineslimitingsugarinschoolmeals.美国农业部的目标是使学校膳食标准与《美国人膳食指南》更紧密地保持一致,该指南详细说明了健康饮食的成分例如,这些指南要求将添加糖限制在每日卡路里的10%以下相比之下,添加糖在学校早餐和午餐中分别提供约17%和11%的卡路里目前,美国农业部没有指导方针限制学校膳食中的糖Meetingthenewnutritionalstandardswillmeanthatschoolswillhavetocutsomeproductsreplacingthemwithonesthatmeetthenewsugarandsodiumguidelines.TheInternationalDairyFoodsAssnearlierthismonthindicateditwouldvoluntarilyreducesugarsinflavoredmilksothatchildrencouldstillhavetheoptionofflavoredmilk.达到新的营养标准意味着学校将不得不削减一些产品,取而代之的是符合新的糖和钠指导方针的产品本月早些时候,国际乳制品协会InternationalDairyFoodsassociation表示,它将自愿减少调味牛奶中的糖含量,这样孩子们仍然可以选择调味牛奶Theproposedguidelineswouldbeimplementedinphaseswhichisasmartapproachbecausemanyschool。