高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练：如何专心致志

高考英语外刊阅读理解训练一一如何专心致志改编自HowtoconcentrateonsomethingStayingfocusedcanbechallengingwhetherinschooloradultlife.Howeverunderstandinghowtostayfocusedandidentifyingwhatdistractsuscanhelp.Researchershavestudiedprocrastinationanddiscoveredwaystohelpkeepusinthezone.Oneofthemosteffectivemethodsiseliminatingnoise.ResearchbyScienceFocusmagazinefoundthatsilenceisbestforconcentrationbutagentlebackgroundhumandcoffeeshopambianceareincredible!Turningoffnotificationsonyoursmartphoneorswitchingitoffentirelyeliminatesaleadingdistractionandhelpsusconcentrateonthejobathand.Braintrainingcouldalsobeapossiblecureforashortattentionspan.Psychologistsandneuroscientistsareinterestedinourabilitytoconcentrateandhaveexploredpossibilitiesforimprovingitinternally.AttentionresearcherNilliLaviefromUniversityCollegeLondonhasdiscoveredthatmakingataskmorevisuallydemanding...takesupmoreprocessingpowerandleavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractions.Thuskeepingthemindbusycanfosterconcentration.Additionallytherearepracticaltipsforkeepingthemindfocusedincludingmakingalistortimetableofthetasksweneedtocompletefindingaworkspacefreefromtemptationsandevenchewinggum!Chewinggummightoccupypartsofthebraintypicallysusceptibletodistraction.HoweverScienceFocusmagazinesuggeststhatdistractionisntallnegative.Distractionallowsustobeawareofpotentialchangesaroundussuchasthreatsandisvitalforsurvival.【重点词汇】Memory/memsri/n.记忆Essential/isenj8l/adj.必要的Function/fArjkJh/n.功能Brain/brein/n.大脑Store/sto r/v.储存Retrieve/ritri:v/v.检索Short-term/Jbrtt3im/adj.短期的Long-term/Idqt3im/adj.长期的Information/mf9meijan/n.信息Decay/dikei/v.衰退Revisited/iri:vizit/v.再次访问Biological/baislDd5ik9l/adj.生物学的Practice/praektis/v.练习Perform/pafo m/v.执行Challenging/tjaelindsirj/adj.具有挑战性的Intend/intend/v.打算Juggle/d3Ag91/v.兼顾Simultaneously/isimlteiniasli/adv.同时Continually/ksntinjosli/adv.持续不断地Age/eids/n.年龄Shrink/Jhrjk/v.收缩Volume/vdIjom/n.容积、体积Decline/diklain/v.下降Worthnoting/w30naotirj/值得注意的是Trivial/trivial/adj.不重要的Detail/di:teil/n.细节Consume/kansju:m/v.消耗Cognitiveresources/kognstivriso siz/认知资源Frustrating/frAstreitig/adj.令人失望的Naturalfunction/naetjrslfArjkJh/自然功能Constantusage/kDnstontju:sid5/持续使用Trivialdetails/trivialdi:teilz/不重要的细节【阅读理解练习题】WhatisthemaintopicofthearticleThebenefitsofdistractionduringworkandstudy.Techniquesformaintainingfocusinschoolandadultlife.Thedangersofmultitasking.Braintrainingmethods.答案B解析文章开头提到保持专注度的挑战性，而后面介绍了一些方法和技巧来帮助人们保持注意力，所以B选项是正确的WhichenvironmentisbestforconcentrationaccordingtoScienceFocusmagazineAcompletelysilentone.Anenvironmentwithacontinuoushummingnoise.Anenvironmentwithcoffeeshopambiance.Anenvironmentwithoccasionaldistractingnoises.答案Bo解析:根据ScienceFocus杂志的研究有一个温和的背景嗡嗡声和咖啡店的氛围会对我们的专注力有很大帮助，说明B选项是正确的WhatshouldpeopledowiththeirsmartphonestohelpstayfocusedPutthemonsilentmode.Turnthemoffentirely.Keepthemnear.Setreminders.答案Bo解析文章提到关闭手机通知或者干脆关机都可以消除干扰，因此B选项是正确的WhatdidattentionresearcherNilliLaviediscoveraboutprocessingpowerwhenitcomestofocusMakingataskvisuallydemandingincreasesprocessingpowerbutcanleadtomoredistractions.Peopleneedplentyofdistractionsinordertostayfocused.Constantlychangingtaskscanimproveprocessingpower.Makingataskvisuallydemandingcanconsumeprocessingpowerandreducedistractions.答案D解析文章提到NilliLavie发现，让任务在视觉上更加复杂会吸取更多的处理功率，并且不留给大脑去处理其他干扰因素说明D选项是正确的WhatisonepracticaltipformaintainingfocusWorkinanenvironmentwithmanydistractions.Chewgum.Multitaskasmuchaspossible.Takefrequentbreaks.答案Bo解析文章提到嚼口香糖会分散那些容易被干扰的位置，使人们能够保持专注力，因此B选项是正确的WhymightdistractionnotbeentirelynegativeaccordingtoScienceFocusmagazineIthelpspeoplebecomemoreawareoftheirsurroundings.Itdoesntallowpeopletoprocesspotentialthreats.Itleadspeopletofocusbetterinthelongrun.Itreducesbrainactivityandincreasesrelaxation.答案A解析根据ScienceFocus杂志的内容，分心可以帮助我们意识到周围潜在的威胁，因此A选项是正确的WhatisonepotentialbenefitofbraintrainingforimprovingfocusIncreasedsusceptibilitytodistraction.Improvedabilitytoswitchbetweentasksquickly.Reducedabilitytoprocesscomplexvisualinformation.Enhancedabilitytoconcentrateonasingletask.答案Do解析文章指出神经科学家对注意力的相关研究探索了内部改善的可能性，而NilliLavie的研究表明，使任务视觉上更加复杂可以消耗处理力量并减少干扰，因此神经科学家和心理学家认为训练自己将注意力集中在单个任务上是有益的，因此D选项是正确的WhatisonepieceofadvicethatthearticlegivesforfindingagoodworkspaceAvoidanyspacewheretherearedistractions.Choosesomewherewithplentyofthingstodonearby.Createaworkspacenearotherpeople.Findaspacefreefromtemptations.答案D解析文章提到找一个没有诱惑的工作空间是保持专注度的实用妙招之一，因此D选项是正确的【全文逐句对照翻译】无论是在学校还是在成人生活中，保持专注都是一项挑战Stayingfocusedcanbechallengingwhetherinschooloradultlife.然而，了解如何保持专注并确定是什么让我们分心会有所帮助Howeverunderstandinghowtostayfocusedandidentifyingwhatdistractsuscanhelp.研究人员对拖延症进行了研究，发现了帮助我们保持专注的方法Researchershavestudiedprocrastinationanddiscoveredwaystohelpkeepusinthezone.最有效的方法之一是消除噪声Oneofthemosteffectivemethodsiseliminatingnoise.《科学焦点》杂志的研究发现，安静最有利于集中注意力，但温和的背景嗡嗡声和咖啡馆的氛围也令人难以置信!ResearchbyScienceFocusmagazinefoundthatsilenceisbestforconcentrationbutagentlebackgroundhumandcoffeeshopambianceareincredible!关闭智能手机上的通知或完全关闭它可以消除主要的干扰帮助我们专注于手头的工作Turningoffnotificationsonyoursmartphoneorswitchingitoffentirelyeliminatesaleadingdistractionandhelpsusconcentrateonthejobathand.大脑训练也可能是治疗注意力持续时间短的一种方法Braintrainingcouldalsobeapossiblecureforashortattentionspan.心理学家和神经科学家对我们的集中能力很感兴趣，并探索了从内部提高这种能力的可能性Psychologistsandneuroscientistsareinterestedinourabilitytoconcentrateandhaveexploredpossibilitiesforimprovingitinternally.伦敦大学学院的注意力研究员NilliLavie发现，〃让一项任务对视觉的要求更高……AttentionresearcherNilliLaviefromUniversityCollegeLondonhasdiscoveredthat“makingataskmorevisuallydemanding...占用更多的处理能力，让大脑无法处理干扰〃takesupmoreprocessingpowerandleavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractions.因此，保持头脑忙碌可以培养注意力Thuskeepingthemindbusycanfosterconcentration.此外，还有一些保持注意力集中的实用技巧，包括列出我们需要完成的任务的清单或时间表，找一个没有诱惑的工作场所，甚至嚼口香糖!Additionallytherearepracticaltipsforkeepingthemindfocusedincludingmakingalistortimetableofthetasksweneedtocompletefindingaworkspacefreefromtemptationsandevenchewinggum!嚼口香糖可能会占据大脑中容易分心的部分Chewinggummightoccupypartsofthebraintypicallysusceptibletodistraction.然而，《科学焦点》杂志指出，分心并不都是负面的HoweverScienceFocusmagazinesuggeststhatdistractionisntallnegative.分心可以让我们意识到周围潜在的变化，比如威胁，这对生存至关重要Distractionallowsustobeawareofpotentialchangesaroundussuchasthreatsandisvitalforsurvival.。