高考英语外刊阅读训练之阅读理解：如今不是让人随便干什么都行的好时机 讲义

高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:如今不是让人随便干什么都行的好时机改编自NowisnotthemomenttopushpeopleintojustanyjobGovernmentshavelongdebatedwhetheritisbettertoincentivizeorpenalizetheunemployedtoreturntowork.Forthepasttwoandahalfdecadesmanycountrieshaveimplementedpenalty-basedsystemswherebythosereceivingbenefitsfacefinancialpenaltiesiftheyrefusejoboffersordonotactivelysearchforemploymentThemostfamousexampleofthisapproachisGermanysHartzIVreformswhicheconomistscreditwithplungingunemploymentinGermanyoverthefollowingdecade.Howevercriticsarguethatsuchsystemsriskforcingpeopleintolow-paidorunstablejobswithlittlecareerprogressionraisingconcernsabouttheireffectonoverallproductivitylevels.GermanyhasrecentlyreplacedHartzwithamoresupportivewelfaresystemnBurgergeld/thatfocusesonprovidingvocationaltrainingandincreasingbenefitratesinadditiontoofferinghigherprospectsforjobseekers.Whilesuchchangeshavereceivedcriticismforbeingtoolenientexpertspointoutthatthereisaneconomicrationalebehindprioritizingpeopleslong-termcareerprospectsespeciallygivenlaborandskillsshortagesacrossvariousindustries.Atoughsanctionsregimecanalsoberiskyfroman例如，在德国，哈茨促进了低薪工作的扩大，而在英国，几乎没有垂直流动性的兼职、低薪工作有所增加InGermanyforinstanceHartzcontributedtoexpandinglow-paidworkwhereastheUKsawariseinpart-timelow-paidjobswithlittletonoverticalmobility.虽然英国继续执行以制裁为基础的制度，但该国保守党政府也启动了几项〃胡萝卜〃政策，例如为在职父母提供更多免费托儿时间WhiletheUKcontinuestoenforceasanctions-basedsystemthecountrysConservativegovernmenthasalsoinitiatedseveralCarrotpoliciessuchasprovidingmorefreechildcarehourstoworkingparents.同样，政府计划停止测试残疾人或长期身体不适的人的工作能力，允许他们在不失去福利的情况下找工作Similarlythegovernmentplanstostoptestingdisabledorchronicallyunwellpeoplesabilitytoworkallowingthemtoseekemploymentwithoutlosingbenefits.尽管如此，计划中的政策变化仍然有限，以制裁为基础的方法仍然是全球政策制定者的普遍选择Nonethelesstheplannedpolicychangesarestilllimitedandthesanction-basedapproachremainsapopularchoiceamongpolicymakersglobally.然而，专家们认为，坚持这种做法可能会进一步阻碍而不是促进长期的经济繁荣Howeverexpertsarguethatstickingtosuchapproachescouldfurtherhinderratherthanpromotelong-termeconomicprosperity.employerpointofviewasindividualswhosubmitcountlessjobapplicationswithoutactuallybeinginterestedinthevacanciestendtofrustratecompanies1recruitmentprocesses.Furthermorestudiesshowthatsuchregimesoftenresultinincreasedactivityoutsideoftheworkforcelowerearningsandincomeandadverseimpactsonjobqualitystabilityandproductivitylevels.InGermanyforinstanceHartzcontributedtoexpandinglow-paidworkwhereastheUKsawariseinpart-timelow-paidjobswithlittletonoverticalmobility.WhiletheUKcontinuestoenforceasanctions-basedsystemthecountrysConservativegovernmenthasalsoinitiatedseveralcarrot”policiessuchasprovidingmorefreechildcarehourstoworkingparents.Similarlythegovernmentplanstostoptestingdisabledorchronicallyunwellpeoplesabilitytoworkallowingthemtoseekemploymentwithoutlosingbenefits.Nonethelesstheplannedpolicychangesarestilllimitedandthesanction-basedapproachremainsapopularchoiceamongpolicymakersglobally.Howeverexpertsarguethatstickingtosuchapproachescouldfurtherhinderratherthanpromotelong-termeconomicprosperity.【重点词汇】*[□□口每日分享免费的ChatGPT账号和API-Key【点击前往】□□□]https://shop.fxopenai.win**####请注意

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3.请您自行判断回答的正确性若回答失败请重试或多刷新几次界面后重试以下是50个新课标中的重点单词及其解释incentive[insentiv]noun刺激鼓励措施penalizefpsnslaiz]verb处罚unemployed[Animploid]adjective失业的benefit[benifit]noun救济金福利financial[fainaenjl]adjective金融的财务的joboffer职位提供actively[aektivli]adverb积极地employment[imploiment]noun就业，雇用famous[feimas]adjective著名的approach[a1prootJ]noun方法economist[eks^amist]noun经济学家plunge[pUnds]verb暴跌，骤降decade「dfkeid]noun十年critic[kritik]noun批评者risk[risk]verb冒…的风险unstable[An^tebl]adjective不稳定的careerprogression职业发展productivity[iprodAktivsti]noun生产力生产率supportive[ssportiv]adjective支持的，赞助的welfare[wdfcr]noun福利社会救济vocational[voukejbnsl]adjective职业的，行业的benefitrate救济金比率prospectfpraspekt]noun前景前途jobseeker求职者sanction[saetjk^n]noun制裁，处罚regime[reisim]noun政权employer[imploisr]noun雇主submit[sabmit]verb提交countless[kaontlis]adjective无数的数不清的vacancy[veikansi]noun空缺职位frustrate[frAstret]verb阻挠挫败recruitment[rfkrutmant]noun招聘activity[aektivsti]noun;舌动outsideoftheworkforce在工作之外earnings[armrjz]noun收入收益income『inkAm]noun收入，收益adverse[aedv^s]adjective不利的，有害的impact[impaekt]noun影响冲击quality[kwalsti]noun质量，品质stability[stsbilsti]noun稳定性稳固性part-time兼职的vertical[vartikl]adjective垂直的，纵向的mobility[moobilsti]noun流动性灵活性Conservative[ksn^arvativ]adjective保守的policy[pabsi]noun政策，方针childcare[tjaildker]noun儿童保育disabled[diseibold]adjective残疾的有生理缺陷的chronically[kramkli]adverb慢性地长期地prosperity[praspcriti]noun繁荣，兴日王hinder「hinch]verb阻碍，妨碍【阅读理解练习题】WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenGermanyspreviouswelfaresystemandthenewnBurgergeldnsystemThenewsystemprovidesvocationaltrainingandhigherbenefitrates.Thenewsystemimposesmorefinancialpenaltiesonthosewhodontactivelysearchforemployment.Thenewsystemprioritizeslow-paidorunstablejobsoverlong-termcareerprospects.Thenewsystemofferslowerprospectsforjobseekersthanthepreviousone.Answer:A解析根据文章第二段，旧福利制度HartzIV以惩罚为主，而新的福利制度Biirgergeld”更注重提供职业培训、提高津贴比率，并为求职者提供更好的就业前景由此可知答案为AAccordingtothepassagewhatistheeconomicrationalebehindprioritizingpeopleslong-termcareerprospectsIthelpsreducelaborandskillsshortagesinvariousindustries.Itincreasesoverallproductivitylevels.Itlowerstheriskofforcingpeopleintolow-paidorunstablejobs.Alloftheabove.Answer:D解析根据文章第二段，专家指出，在目前各个行业存在劳动力和技能短缺的情况下，优先考虑人们的长期事业前景有经济学上的合理性同时，提高人们的职业技能和就业前景也能够增加整体生产力水平，降低迫使人们从事低薪或不稳定工作的风险因此选DoAccordingtothepassagewhatisthepotentialdownsideofapenalty-basedwelfaresystemItleadstoincreasedactivitywithintheworkforce.Itraisesoverallproductivitylevels.Itresultsinlowerearningsandincome.Itreduceslaborandskillsshortagesinvariousindustries.Answer:C解析根据文章第三段，研究表明这种惩罚性福利制度常常导致失业人员在职场外活动的增加、收入下降以及对就业质量、稳定性和生产力水平的不利影响因此选CWhatimpactdidHartzIVhaveonlow-paidworkinGermanyItdecreasedit.Itincreasedit.Ithadnoeffectonit.Thearticledoesnotmentionit.Answer:B解析根据文章第三段，HartzIV在德国导致低薪工作增加，由此可知答案为BWhatistheUKgovernmenfsapproachtowelfaresanctionsItdoesnotusethematall.Itenforcesastrictsanctions-basedsystem.IthasinitiatedseveralHcarrotpolicieswhilemaintainingasanction-basedapproach.Itplanstostoptestingdisabledorchronicallyunwellpeoplesabilitytowork.Answer:C解析根据文章第四段，英国政府在继续执行惩罚性福利制度的同时，也出台了一些〃萝卜”政策，如为有工作的父母提供更多免费儿童保育时间，为残疾或经常生病不能工作的人提供保障等因此答案为CWhatisthepotentialdownsideofastrictsanctionsregimefromanemployerpointofviewItmayresultinrequiringlessjobapplications.Itmayleadtoincreasedfrustrationinrecruitmentprocesses.Itmayincreaseproductivitylevels.Itmayreducelaborandskillsshortagesinvariousindustries.Answer:B解析根据文章第三段，严厉的制裁制度从雇主的角度来看也具有风险，由于大量无意向职位投递简历的人，会影响公司招聘流程导致公司招聘过程中出现挫败感因此答案为B【全文逐句对照翻译】政府长期以来一直在争论，是鼓励还是惩罚失业者重返工作岗位更好Governmentshavelongdebatedwhetheritisbettertoincentivizeorpenalizetheunemployedtoreturntowork.在过去25年里，许多国家实施了以惩罚为基础的制度，即如果领取福利的人拒绝工作机会或不积极寻找工作，他们将面临经济处罚Forthepasttwoandahalfdecadesmanycountrieshaveimplementedpenalty-basedsystemswherebythosereceivingbenefitsfacefinancialpenaltiesiftheyrefusejoboffersordonotactivelysearchforemployment.这种方法最著名的例子是德国的哈茨四号HartzIV改革，经济学家将德国失业率在接下来的10年里大幅下降归功于该改革ThemostfamousexampleofthisapproachisGermanysHartzIVreformswhicheconomistscreditwithplungingunemploymentinGermanyoverthefollowingdecade.然而，批评人士认为，这种制度有可能迫使人们从事低薪或不稳定的工作，几乎没有职业发展，这引发了人们对其对整体生产力水平的影响的担忧Howevercriticsarguethatsuchsystemsriskforcingpeopleintolow-paidorunstablejobswithlittlecareerprogressionraisingconcernsabouttheireffectonoverallproductivitylevels.德国最近用一项更具支持性的福利制度//bs:lrgergeld^取代了哈茨，该制度除了为求职者提供更高的前景外，还侧重于提供职业培训和提高福利率GermanyhasrecentlyreplacedHartzwithamoresupportivewelfaresystemBurgergeldthatfocusesonprovidingvocationaltrainingandincreasingbenefitratesinadditiontoofferinghigherprospectsforjobseekers.尽管这样的改革被批评为过于宽松，但专家指出，优先考虑人们的长期职业前景是有经济原理的，尤其是在各个行业都存在劳动力和技能短缺的情况下Whilesuchchangeshavereceivedcriticismforbeingtoolenientexpertspointoutthatthereisaneconomicrationalebehindprioritizingpeopleslong-termcareerprospectsespeciallygivenlaborandskillsshortagesacrossvariousindustries.从雇主的角度来看，严厉的制裁制度也可能有风险，因为那些提交了无数份工作申请却对职位空缺不感兴趣的个人，往往会阻碍公司的招聘流程Atoughsanctionsregimecanalsoberiskyfromanemployerpointofviewasindividualswhosubmitcountlessjobapplicationswithoutactuallybeinginterestedinthevacanciestendtofrustratecompaniesrecruitmentprocesses.此外，研究表明，这种制度往往导致劳动力之外的活动增加，收入和收入降低，并对工作质量、稳定性和生产力水平产生不利影响Furthermorestudiesshowthatsuchregimesoftenresultinincreasedactivityoutsideoftheworkforcelowerearningsandincomeandadverseimpactsonjobqualitystabilityandproductivitylevels.。