高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练学案：全美竟1.2亿人生活在空气污染地区

高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:全美竟

1.2亿人生活在空气污染地区本文节选自TheGuardian卫报发布时间:

2023.

04.19作者NinaLakhani原文标题Nearly120millionpeopleinUSexposedtounhealthylevelsofsootandsmog-reportTheclimatecrisishasupendedprogressonimprovingairqualitywithoneinthreeAmericanscurrentlylivinginareaswithharmfullevelsofpollutantsknowntoincreasetheriskofmedicalemergenciespregnancycomplicationsandprematuredeathnewresearchreveals.Almost120millionpeopleintheUSarestillexposedtounhealthylevelsofsootandsmogaccordingtotheannualreportbytheAmericanLungAssociationALAwhichfoundthatpeopleofcolorarealmostfourtimesmorelikelytoliveinthemostpollutedplacesthanwhiteAmericans.Theextenttowhichaccesstocleanairisracializedisstark;peopleofcoloraccountfor54%ofthoselivingincountieswithfailingairqualitydespiteaccountingforjustover40%ofthegeneralpopulation.ThezipcodelotteryspotlightsdecadesofracisthousingandenvironmentalpolicieswhichhaveincentivizedandenabledpollutinginfrastructurelikehighwaysandrailroadsfossilfuelprojectsandmanufacturingplantstobelocatedclosetoBlackLatinandIndigenouscommunities.Anddespiteoverallimprovementsinairqualityandpollution-relateddeathsoverthepast50yearsthereportalsohighlightsawideningdisparitybetweenairqualityineasternandwesternstatesespeciallyforsootparticles-scientificallyknownasfineparticulatematterorPM

2.

5.Tenofthe11mostpollutedcountiesareinCaliforniawheretheclimatebreakdownisfuelingwildfiresandrisingtemperaturesthatareunderminingeffortstoimproveairqualityinplaceslikeFresnoSanBernardinoTulareandLosAngeles.尽管在过去的50年里，空气质量以及与污染有关的死亡情况总体上有所改善，但该报告也强调了东部和西部各州空气质量差距日渐扩大尤其是煤烟颗粒——科学界称之为细颗粒物或PM

2.511个最污染的县中有10个在加州，气候崩溃引发了野火和温度上升，这正在破坏像弗雷斯诺、圣贝纳迪诺、图拉里和洛杉矶等地改善空气质量的努力“Itisstrikinganddistressingthat120millionpeoplearestillatriskfromunhealthyairpollutionsaidKatherinePruittleadauthorandtheALAsnationalseniorpolicydirector./zSincearound2017heatanddroughtdrivenbyclimatechangehasbeenundoingsomeoftheprogressthatweshouldhavemadeandbeenabletoretain/7该研究的第一作者、美国肺科协会的国家高级政策主任凯瑟琳•普鲁特说，〃竟然还有

1.2亿人仍然面临不健康的空气污染，如此令人震惊且痛心〃〃自2017年左右以来，因气候变化导致的炎热和干旱一直在破坏我们本应取得并能够保持的一些进展〃Anddespiteoverallimprovementsinairqualityandpollution-relateddeathsoverthepast50yearsthereportalsohighlightsawideningdisparitybetweenairqualityineasternandwesternstatesespeciallyforsootparticles-scientificallyknownasfineparticulatematterorPM

2.

5.Tenofthe11mostpollutedcountiesareinCaliforniawheretheclimatebreakdownisfuelingwildfiresandrisingtemperaturesthatareunderminingeffortstoimproveairqualityinplaceslikeFresnoSanBernardinoTulareandLosAngeles.Z/Itisstrikinganddistressingthat120millionpeoplearestillatriskfromunhealthyairpollutionsaidKatherinePruittleadauthorandtheALAsnationalseniorpolicydirector./zSincearound2017heatanddroughtdrivenbyclimatechangehasbeenundoingsomeoftheprogressthatweshouldhavemadeandbeenabletoretain.”阅读理解AccordingtotheannualreportbytheAmericanLungAssociationwhatproportionofpeopleofcolorliveinthemostpollutedplacesintheUS40%54%60%75%答案BWhatistheeffectofpollutantsonpeopleshealthTheyincreasetheriskofmedicalemergencies.Theydecreasetheriskofpregnancycomplications.Theyimproveairquality.Theyincreaselifeexpectancy.答案AWhatcausesthewideningdisparitybetweenairqualityineasternandwesternstatesintheUSDecreaseinindustrialproduction.Lackofenvironmentalpolicies.Climatebreakdown.Increaseinpopulation.答案cWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasatypeofpollutinginfrastructureHighwaysRailroadsFossilfuelprojectsSupermarkets答案DWhatisthezipcodelotteryAlotterywherepeoplecanwincleanair.Atermreferringtotheracialdisparityinairquality.Awaytoraiseawarenessaboutclimatechange.AgameplayedinCaliforniatoraisemoneyforenvironmentalcauses.答案BWhichstateintheUShasthemostpollutedcountiesFloridaCaliforniaNewYorkTexas答案BWhatisthenamefortheharmfulparticlesintheairCarbondioxideOxygenPM

2.5Nitrogen答案cHowlonghasprogressonimprovingairqualitybeenundonebyclimatechangeSincearound2007Sincearound2008Sincearound2017Sincearound2018答案CWhatisthemaincauseofthedisparityinaccesstocleanairintheUSLackoffundsforenvironmentalpolicies.Racisthousingandenvironmentalpolicies.Lackofpublictransportation.Economicinequality.答案BWhatisthepurposeoftheannualreportbytheAmericanLungAssociationTopromotefossilfuelprojects.Toraiseawarenessabouttheeffectsofclimatechange.Toevaluateprogressonimprovingairquality.ToreducethepopulationoftheUS.答案c词汇总结.climatecrisis气候危机.upend颠覆.progress进展

4.improvingairquality改善空气质量

5.harmfullevelsofpollutants有害污染物的水平ncreasetheriskofmedicalemergencies增力口医疗紧急事件的风险.pregnancycomplications妊娠并发症.prematuredeath早逝.research研究.Americans美国人.currently目前.livinginareas生活在区域.unhealthylevelsofsootandsmog不健康的积烟和雾霾水平.annualreport年度报告.AmericanLungAssociationALA美国肺协会.peopleofcolor有色人种.mostpollutedplaces污染最严重的地方.whiteAmericans白人美国人.accesstocleanair纯净空气的获取.racialized种族歧视.stark明显的.counties县.failingairquality空气质量不佳.generalpopulation总人口.zipcodelottery邮政编码抽奖.decades十年.racisthousingandenvironmentalpolicies种族主义者住房和环境政策

28.incentivized激励

29.enabled使能够.pollutinginfrastructure污染基础设施.highwaysandrailroads公路和铁路.fossilfuelprojectsandmanufacturingplants化石燃料项目和制造工厂.LatinandIndigenouscommunities拉丁和土著社区.overallimprovements总的改善.pollution-relateddeaths污染相关死亡.wideningdisparity增大的差距.easternandwesternstates东部和西吾6州.sootparticles积烟颗粒.fineparticulatematter•细颗粒物PM

2.

5.pollutedcounties污染最严重的州.California加利福尼亚.climatebreakdown气候崩溃.fueling加剧.wildfires森林大火.risingtemperatures上升的温度.undermining破坏.FresnosSanBernardino.Tulare和LosAngeles佛雷斯诺、圣贝尔纳迪诺、图拉和洛杉矶.distressing令人痛苦的

49.leadauthor首席作者

50.nationalseniorpolicydirector国家高级政策主任新词积累:l.soot英/sut/美/sut/n.煤烟，烟灰vt.用煤烟熏黑；以煤烟弄脏2disparity英/dispaersti/美/dispaersti/n.明显差异

3.premature英/।premat曲r/美/ipri:m91tjir/adj.过早的，提早的；早产的;草率的，仓促的♦词组搭配l.fossilfuel［能源］矿物燃料，［能源］化石燃料

2.sootparticle烟灰碳颗粒写作句总结原句:Sincearound2017heatanddroughtdrivenbyclimatechangehasbeenundoingsomeoftheprogressthatweshouldhavemadeandbeenabletoretain.结构Sincetimeissue/problemdrivenbycausehasbeenundoingsomeoftheprogressthatweshouldhavemadeandbeenabletoretain.例句Sincetheintroductionofsocialmediatheriseoffakenewsdrivenbythesharingandamplificationofmisinformationhasbeenundoingsomeoftheprogressthatweshouldhavemadeandbeenabletoretaininpublicdiscourse.全文对照翻译TheclimatecrisishasupendedprogressonimprovingairqualitywithoneinthreeAmericanscurrentlylivinginareaswithharmfullevelsofpollutantsknowntoincreasetheriskofmedicalemergenciespregnancycomplicationsandprematuredeathnewresearchreveals.一项新研究显示，气候危机逆转了空气质量改善的进程，目前有三分之一的美国人生活污染物处于有害水平的地区，这些污染物会增加紧急医疗状况、妊娠并发症以及早亡的风险Almost120millionpeopleintheUSarestillexposedtounhealthylevelsofsootandsmogaccordingtotheannualreportbytheAmericanLungAssociationALAwhichfoundthatpeopleofcolorarealmostfourtimesmorelikelytoliveinthemostpollutedplacesthanwhiteAmericans.Theextenttowhichaccesstocleanairisracializedisstark;peopleofcoloraccountfor54%ofthoselivingincountieswithfailingairqualitydespiteaccountingforjustover40%ofthegeneralpopulation.根据美国肺脏协会的年度报告，美国有近

1.2亿人仍暴露在不健康的煤烟和烟尘环境中，该报告发现，有色人种生活在污染最严重地区的可能性几乎是白种美国人的四倍获得清洁空气的种族差异是非常明显的；居住在空气质量不佳的县的人中有54%为有色人种，而有色人种占总人口的比例不过是40%多一点ThezipcodelotteryspotlightsdecadesofracisthousingandenvironmentalpolicieswhichhaveincentivizedandenabledpollutinginfrastructurelikehighwaysandrailroadsfossilfuelprojectsandmanufacturingplantstobelocatedclosetoBlackLatinandIndigenouscommunities.〃邮编彩票〃问题突显了美国存在数十年的住房和环境政策种族歧视问题，相关政策鼓励并允许高环境污染环境的基础设施，如高速公路和铁路，化石燃料项目以及制造厂等安置在黑人、拉丁裔和土著社区附近（编者注在美国历史上，存在大量的种族歧视和歧视性的住房和环保政策，导致黑人、拉丁裔和土著人等少数族裔社区经常被安排在贫困地区或者污染的区域邮编彩票，是指黑人、拉丁裔和土著人社区中的环境污染率更高，所以这些社区中的居民更容易〃生病中奖〃）。