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高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:我们可以解决致命的街道【原标题】Yesdeadlystreetsareanationalcrisis.Butwecanfixthem【原文】CallingtherisingnumberoftrafficdeathsintheUnitedStatesapreventablecrisisTransportationSecretaryPeteButtigiegannouncedlastweekanewnationalstrategytomakethestreetssaferandsavelives.Thepremiseoftheplanissimple:Humansmakemistakessotheentiretransportationsystemfromroadengineeringtovehicledesignneedstobedesignedtoavoidcrashesandtoreducethelikelihoodofseriousinjuryanddeathwhencrashesoccur.Thatsaprofoundshiftfromthetraditionalapproachthathasprioritizedfastfree-flowingroadsandputtheonusonpeopletopreventdeadlycrashes.Theincreaseintrafficfatalitiesshouldmakeitclearthatthecurrentsystemisnotworking.In2020evenasAmericansweredrivinglessatthebeginningofthepandemictrafficdeathsnationwideincreasedtomorethan38000whichwas2500morefatalitiesthanin
2019.Andthedatafor2021areevenworse;inthefirstsixmonthsoftheyeartrafficdeathsincreased18%overthesameperiodin
2020.Moreover;trafficfatalitiesarehigherinlow-incomecommunitiesofcolorandfailedtopersuadehercolleagues.Becausetheywerereluctanttopasslawsdesignedtoslowtrafficandmakestreetssafer.Becausetheyprioritizedsafetyoverconvenience.答案c0中文解析见第四段WhyareclimategoalslinkedtostreetsafetyBecausepeopleprefercarstowalkingbikingandpublictransitBecausecarsproduceairpollutionthatcontributestoclimatechange.Becausecarsuseupnaturalresources.Becausewalkingbikingandpublictransitcanhelpreducetrafficfatalities.答案Do中文解析见最后一段WhatisneededtomakestreetssaferaccordingtothearticleAcommitmenttodesignandfundsaferroadsandsafervehicles.Acommitmenttoprioritizedriversconvenienceintransportationplanningandengineering.Additionalfundingforhighwayandbridgeconstruction.Acommitmenttoprioritizeafterthoughtsornicheprojectsforwalkingandbiking.答案Ao中文解析见最后一段【长难句分析】Thatzsaprofoundshiftfromthetraditionalapproachthathasprioritizedfastfree-flowingroadsandputtheonusonpeopletopreventdeadlycrashes.主句是主系表结构Thatsaprofoundshiftofromthetraditionalapproach是介宾短语作定语,thathasprioritizedfastfree-flowingroadsandputtheonusonpeopletopreventdeadlycrashes是定语从句其中and对谓语部分进行并列,topreventdeadlycrashes一般理解为不定式作定语修饰theonuso这是对传统方法的一个深刻转变,传统方法优先考虑快速.畅通的道路,并将防止致命车祸的责任推给人们【语言点积累】学习forgo的用法这个词作及物动词,表示tonotdoorhavesomethingpleasantorenjoyable弃绝,放弃〔美好的东西〕,例Ihadtoforgolunch.我只得放弃午餐【全文翻译】CallingtherisingnumberoftrafficdeathsintheUnitedStatesapreventablecrisisTransportationSecretaryPeteButtigiegannouncedlastweekanewnationalstrategytomakethestreetssaferandsavelives.交通部长皮特•布蒂吉格上周宣布了一项新的国家战略,以使街道更安全并拯救生命,他称美国不断上升的交通死亡人数是一场可以预防的危机Thepremiseoftheplanissimple:Humansmakemistakessotheentiretransportationsystemfromroadengineeringtovehicledesignneedstobedesignedtoavoidcrashesandtoreducethelikelihoodofseriousinjuryanddeathwhencrashesoccur.Thatsaprofoundshiftfromthetraditionalapproachthathasprioritizedfastfree-flowingroadsandputtheonusonpeopletopreventdeadlycrashes.该计划的前提很简单人类会犯错,因此整个交通系统,从道路工程到车辆设计,都需要进行设计,以避免碰撞,并降低碰撞发生时严重受伤和死亡的可能性这是对传统方法的深刻转变,传统方法优先考虑快速、自由流动的道路,并将防止致命车祸的责任推给人们Theincreaseintrafficfatalitiesshouldmakeitclearthatthecurrentsystemisnotworking.In2020evenasAmericansweredrivinglessatthebeginningofthepandemictrafficdeathsnationwideincreasedtomorethan38000whichwas2500morefatalitiesthanin
2019.Andthedatafor2021areevenworse;inthefirstsixmonthsoftheyear;trafficdeathsincreased18%overthesameperiodin
2020.Moreovertrafficfatalitiesarehigherinlow-incomecommunitiesofcolorandruralareasaswellasamongthedisabledandtheelderly.交通事故死亡人数的增加应该表明目前的系统不起作用2020年,尽管美国人在疫情开始时开车较少但全国范围内的交通死亡人数增力口到38000多人比2019年多2500人2021年的数据甚至更糟;今年前六个月交通死亡人数比2020年同期增加了18%止的卜,低收入有色人种社区和农村地区以及残疾人和老年人的交通死亡人数更局JItsasifwewerelivingthroughawar Buttigiegsaid.WecannotacceptthatthesefatalitiesaresomehowaninevitablepartoflifeinAmerica.n布蒂吉格说这就好像我们正在经历一场战争〃我们不能接受这些死亡事件在某种程度上是美国生活中不可避免的一部分AndyetAmericanshaveacceptedthis.Transportationplanningandengineeringaswellaspublicexpectationshavebeenalmostentirelyfocusedondriversconvenience.Improvementstoothermodesoftransportationincludingwalkingandbikingaretreatedasafterthoughtsornicheprojects;therehasntbeenenoughfundingorpoliticalwilltoensurestreetsaredesignedtosafelyaccommodateallroadusers.然而,美国人已经接受了这一点交通规划和工程,以及公众的期望,几乎完全集中在司机的便利性上改善其他交通方式,包括步行和骑自行车,被视为事后考虑或利基项目;没有足够的资金或政治意愿来确保街道的设计能够安全地容纳所有道路使用者ThenewtransportationstrategycallsforupdatingfederalroaddesignregulationstomakestreetssaferforuserschanginghowspeedlimitsaresetCalifornialawmakersdidthatlastyearpromotingtheuseofspeedcamerasandproddingcommunitiestobuild“CompleteStreetszthatmakesafespaceforwalkerscyclistsandtransitusers.Thefederalgovernmentincluded$6billioninlastyearsinfrastructurelawforprojectstoreducetrafficfatalitieswhichisawelcomeinfusionofmoneyalthoughsafetyspendingisstillapittancecomparedwithmoneydedicatedtohighwayandbridgeconstruction.新的交通战略要求更新联邦道路设计法规,使街道对用户更安全,改变限速的设置方式加州立法者去年这样做了,推广测速摄像头的使用,并敦促社区建设完整的街道〃,为步行者、骑自行车者和公交用户提供安全的空间联邦政府在去年的基础设施法中纳入了60亿美元,用于减少交通死亡的项目,这是一笔值得欢迎的资金注入尽管与用于公路和桥梁建设的资金相比,安全支出仍然微不足道InLosAngelesthisideaofeliminatingtrafficdeaths—dubbedVisionZero—hasbecomeapunchlineandaletdown.In2015MayorEricGarcettilaunchedhisownplantoreducetrafficdeathstozeroby
2025.Itwasanimportantandambitiousgoalbuttheprogramneverhadthepoliticalbackingorfundingtosucceedandtrafficdeathshaveincreased.在洛杉矶,这种被称为〃零愿景〃的消除交通死亡的想法已经成为一句妙语,也让人失望2015年,市长埃里克•加塞蒂启动了自己的计划,到2025年将交通死亡人数降至零这是一个重要而雄心勃勃的目标,但该项目从未获得成功的政治支持或资金,交通死亡人数也在增加Californialawmakershavealsobeenreluctanttopasslawsdesignedtoslowtrafficandmakestreetssafer.IttookAssemblymemberLauraFriedmanD-Glendaleseveralyearstopersuadehercolleaguestoallowcitiestolowerthespeedlimitby5mphonhigh-riskstreets.Billstotestusingcamerasforspeedenforcementhavefailedtogainsupport.加州立法者也一直不愿通过旨在减缓交通和使街道更安全的法律国会议员劳拉•弗里德曼D-Glendale花了几年时间说服她的同事允许城市将高风险街道的限速降低5英里/小时测试使用摄像头执行速度的法案未能获得支持IdeallytheTransportationDepartmentspromiseoffundingandpoliciesthatprioritizesafetywillgivelocalandstateleadersthenudgetheyneedtotakerealstepstomakestreetssafer.TheBidenadministrationhasrightlyrecognizedthatitsclimategoalsarelinkedtostreetsafety.Wecantexpectmorepeopletoforgocarsinfavorofwalkingtakingandtakingpublictransitwhichoftenrequireswalkingorbikingatthebeginningandendofthetripiftheydon7tfeelsafe.理想情况下,交通部承诺的资金和优先考虑安全的政策将推动地方和州领导人采取真正的措施,使街道更安全拜登政府正确地认识到其气候目标与街道安全有关如果人们感到不安全,我们不能指望更多的人放弃汽车,转而步行、骑自行车和乘坐公共交通工具通常需要在旅行开始和结束时步行或骑自行车Yesdeadlystreetsareanationalcrisis.Butitseminentlyfixablethoughitwilltakeacommitmenttodesignandfundsaferroadsandsafervehicles.是的,致命的街道是一场国家危机但它是可以解决的,尽管它需要承诺设计和资助更安全的道路和更安全的车辆ruralareasaswellasamongthedisabledandtheelderly.Itsasifwewerelivingthroughawar/Buttigiegsaid.“WecannotacceptthatthesefatalitiesaresomehowaninevitablepartoflifeinAmerica/7AndyetAmericanshaveacceptedthis.Transportationplanningandengineeringaswellaspublicexpectationshavebeenalmostentirelyfocusedondriversconvenience.Improvementstoothermodesoftransportationincludingwalkingandbikingaretreatedasafterthoughtsornicheprojects;therehasntbeenenoughfundingorpoliticalwilltoensurestreetsaredesignedtosafelyaccommodateallroadusers.ThenewtransportationstrategycallsforupdatingfederalroaddesignregulationstomakestreetssaferforuserschanginghowspeedlimitsaresetCalifornialawmakersdidthatlastyearpromotingtheuseofspeedcamerasandproddingcommunitiestobuild“CompleteStreetszthatmakesafespaceforwalkerscyclistsandtransitusers.Thefederalgovernmentincluded$6billioninlastyearsinfrastructurelawforprojectstoreducetrafficfatalitieswhichisawelcomeinfusionofmoneyalthoughsafetyspendingisstillapittancecomparedwithmoneydedicatedtohighwayandbridgeconstruction.InLosAngelesthisideaofeliminatingtrafficdeaths—dubbedVisionZero-hasbecomeapunchlineandaletdown.In2015MayorEricGarcettilaunchedhisownplantoreducetrafficdeathstozeroby
2025.Itwasanimportantandambitiousgoalbuttheprogramneverhadthepoliticalbackingorfundingtosucceedandtrafficdeathshaveincreased.Californialawmakershavealsobeenreluctanttopasslawsdesignedtoslowtrafficandmakestreetssafer.IttookAssemblymemberLauraFriedmanD-Glendaleseveralyearstopersuadehercolleaguestoallowcitiestolowerthespeedlimitby5mphonhigh-riskstreets.Billstotestusingcamerasforspeedenforcementhavefailedtogainsupport.IdeallytheTransportationDepartment;spromiseoffundingandpoliciesthatprioritizesafetywillgivelocalandstateleadersthenudgetheyneedtotakerealstepstomakestreetssafer.TheBidenadministrationhasrightlyrecognizedthatitsclimategoalsarelinkedtostreetsafety.Wecantexpectmorepeopletoforgocarsinfavorofwalkingbikingandtakingpublictransitwhichoftenrequireswalkingorbikingatthebeginningandendofthetripiftheydon7tfeelsafe.Yesdeadlystreetsareanationalcrisis.Butitseminentlyfixablethoughitwilltakeacommitmenttodesignandfundsaferroadsandsafervehicles.【新课标重点词汇】deadly[dedli]adj.致命的;极度的;乏味枯燥的;死一般的;阴险毒辣的,冷酷无情的;极有害的,破坏性的;运动员或其动作极富技巧性的,极难防御的;极好的卓越的adv.极其;死一般;deadliercrisis[kraisis]n.危机紧要关头;决定性时刻,关键时刻;病情的转折点,危象adj.用于处理危机的;crisesnumb[nAm]adj.麻木的,失去感觉的;迟钝的,呆滞的v.使麻木,使失去知觉;使迟钝,使呆滞;使(某种感觉)减轻,使减弱;number;numbs;numbing;numbed;numbedstrategy[straetidsi]n.(尤指为获得某物制定长期的)策略,行动计划;战略,战略学;strategiespremise[premis]n.前提,假设;(企业或机构使用的)房屋及土地(premises);上述各项v以......为基础,以......为前提;预先提出,事先提到;声明,说明premisespremisespremising;premised;premisedengineering[lendsiniarirj]n.工程,工程学;控制,弓|导,管理;筹划,出谋划策v.设计,建造;策划,精心安排(engineer的现在分词形式)likelihood[laiklihud]n.可能可能性;可能的事profound[prsfaond]adj.(影响)深刻的,极大的;(感情)强烈的,深切的;(思想)深邃的,(见解)深刻的;深的,深处的;完全的;艰深的,玄奥的;(疾病,残疾)严重的shift[Jift]v.(使)移动,(使)转移;(使)转换到(另一个人或另一事物);(使)改变意见(或信仰等);赶快;换(挡);(计算机)移位;按(计算机键盘上的)shift键;摆脱,消除;(尤指大量)销售,出售;狼吞虎咽地吃;含糊其辞,拐弯抹角n.改变转变;轮班工作时间;轮班工作的人;(计算机键盘上的)shift键;(计算机)移位;(机动车的)换挡装置;宽松直筒连衣裙(=shiftdress);长而宽松的内衣;(建筑)错位;(美橄)(开赛前)球员位置的变换;(天文)(光谱线的)偏移;语音演变(soun.shift的简称);计谋诡计;shifts;shifts;shifting;shifted;shifted
10.current[kArsnt]adj.现行的,当前的;通用的,流行的;最近的n.水流,气流;电流;思潮,趋势【名】(current)(英)柯伦特(人名);currentsmoreover[moiraova]adv.止匕夕卜,而且color[kAla]n.颜色;肤色;颜料;脸色vt.粉饰;给……涂颜色;歪曲vi.变色;获得颜色;colors;colors;coloring;colored;coloredrural[ru8r
(8)l]adj.农村的乡村的;有乡村特色的有乡土气息的disable[diseibl]v.使丧失能力,使伤残;使无效,使不能运转;使无资格;disables;disabling;disabled;disabledelderly[eldsli]adj.上了年纪的;老掉牙的n.老人(theelderly)inevitable[inevitabl]adj.必然发生的,不可避免的;总会发生的,惯常的n.必然发生的事,不可避免的事expectation[lekspekteijbn]n.期待,预期;期望指望;expectationsimprovement[im1pru:vmsnt]n.改善;改进之处;improvementsmode[maud]n方式,做法;(机器、设备的)运行方式,状态;(衣着、艺术等的)形式,风格;(思想、情感或行为的)状态,状况;(音乐的)调式;众数(一组数字中出现次数最多的数);(逻)(模态命题的)式,形式;(物理)模(式),波型;(模态命题的)式,形式【名】(mode)(英、德、法、乍、瑞典)莫德(人名);modesfund[fAnd]n.基金,专款;资金,钱款;基金会;储备量v.资助,为……提供资金【名】(fund))(德)丰德(人名);funds;funds;funding;funded;fundedensure[in^s]v.确保,保证;保护,使安全;ensuresensuring;ensured;ensuredaccommodate[skomsdeit]v.为提供住宿;容纳,提供空间;考虑到,顾及;顺应,适应;帮助(某人),向……施以援手;迎合,迁就;调解;accommodates;accommodating;accommodated;accommodatedfederal「fedoraI]adj.联邦(制)的;(与)联邦政府(有关的)的;中央集权式的;(美国内战时期)北部联邦政府的n.联邦探员联邦政府官员(美国南北战争时期片匕部联邦政府支持者【名】(federal)(英)费德勒尔(人名);federalsinfrastructureJinfra匕tskt冏n.下面结构;永久性军事设施;基础设施,基础建设;infrastructuresdedicate[dedikeit]v.致力于,献身于;把(书、戏剧、音乐作品等僦给为建筑物或教堂屋行奉献或落成澳礼dedicates;dedicating;dedicated;dedicatedeliminate[Ilimineit]v.剔除根除;对……不予考虑把……排除在外;(比赛中)淘汰;铲除,杀害;(生理)排除,排泄;消去;eliminates;eliminating;eliminated;eliminatedvisionfvissn]n.幻想,想象;幻觉,幻象;构想,展望;眼力远见卓识;视力,视觉;视野;美好的人(或事物);(电视或电影的)图像v.想像;visions;visions;visioning;visioned;visioned
28.mayor[me]n.(英格兰、威尔士和北爰尔兰由议员选举产生的镇长,市长(美国、加拿大等国家公众选举的沛长【名】(mayor)(英)梅厄,(法、西、俄)马约尔(人名);mayorslaunch[lomtj;la:ntj]v.发动,发起;上市,发行;使(船或舰)下水;发射(武器或宇宙飞船);启动(计算机程序);投出,用力扔出;使投身于(事业等);起飞,出海n.(航天器的)发射;(产品的)上市;(事件的)发起;汽艇游艇;(新产品,出版物)发布会推介会;launches;launches;launching;launched;launchedambitious[aembijbs]adj.有抱负的野心勃勃的;费劲的艰巨的;热望的reluctant[rilAktant]adj.勉强的不情愿的assembly[9sembli]n.议会,代表大会;集会,集会者;装配组装;(计算机)汇编;assemblieslower[Isos]adj.(尤指在同类中处于)较下的,下方的;在底部的,近底部的;次重要的,较低级的;(数字或数量)较小的;向南的;早期的v.减少,降低;把……放低,使……降下;降低,贬低(身份);变昏暗,变阴沉;露愠色adv.处于较低位置地,向低处下降地【名】(lower)(美、英)洛厄(人名)Jowerslowering;lowered;loweredfavor[feiva]v.较喜欢扁袒;有利于;(非正式)长得像;悉心照料n.帮助提拔徽章赞同偏袒favorsfavorsfavoring;favored;favored【阅读理解练习题】
1.WhatsthepurposeofthenewnationalstrategyannouncedbyTransportationSecretaryPeteButtigiegToreducethelikelihoodofseriousinjuryanddeathwhencrashesoccur.ToincreasethenumberoftrafficdeathsintheUnitedStates.C.Toprioritizefastfree-flowingroads.D.Topreventpeoplefrommakingmistakeswhendriving.答案Ao中文解析见第一段AccordingtothearticlewhatisthecurrenttransportationsystemfailingtoachieveToincreaseAmericansdrivingtime.Toreducethelikelihoodoftrafficcrashes.Toprioritizethedisabledandtheelderlywhendesigningroads.Topreventtrafficfatalitiesinlow-incomecommunitiesofcolorandruralareas.答案Bo中文解析见第二段Whyaretrafficfatalitieshigherinlow-incomecommunitiesofcolorandruralareasBecauseresidentsintheseareasaremorelikelytodrive.Becausepeoplelivingintheseareashavelessaccesstomedicalcare.Becauseroadsintheseareasarelesssafeforusers.Becausedriversintheseareasreceivelesstraining.答案co中文解析见第二段WhatisthenewtransportationstrategycallingforReducingthefundingforhighwayandbridgeconstruction.B.Updatingfederalroaddesignregulationstomakestreetssaferforusers.Promotingtheuseofvehiclesthatarelesssafeforusers.Prohibitingtheuseofspeedcameras.答案Bo中文解析见第三段What7stheamountofmoneyincludedinlastyear7sinfrastructurelawforprojectstoreducetrafficfatalities$
6.$
60.$
600.$
6000.答案A中文解析见第三段WhatwasMayorEricGarcetti1splanToincreasethenumberoftrafficdeathstozeroby
2025.Toreducethenumberoftrafficdeathstozeroby
2025.Tolaunchnicheprojectsforwalkingandbiking.Toprioritizedriversconvenienceintransportationplanningandengineering.答案Bo中文解析见第四段WhydidtheprogramfailtoreducetrafficdeathstozeroinLosAngelesBecauseitlackedpoliticalbackingorfundingtosucceed.Becauselawmakersrefusedtopasslawsdesignedtoslowtraffic.BecauseLauraFriedmanD-Glendalefailedtopersuadehercolleaguestolowerspeedlimits.BecausetheresidentsofLosAngelespreferreddrivingtowalkingortaking.答案Ao中文解析见第四段WhydidCalifornialawmakersfailtopassbillstotestusingcamerasforspeedenforcementBecausetheydidntbelieveinusingcamerasforspeedenforcementBecauseAssemblymemberLauraFriedmanD-Glendale。