阅读理解：重新思考干旱 高考英语外刊阅读训练

高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:重新思考干旱【原标题】Thethirsttorethinkdroughts【原文】NearlyhalfofthecontinentalUnitedStatesisexperiencingprolongeddroughtaccordingtofederalscientists.PrecipitationmodelspredictthatwinterwillprovidelittlereliefinmuchoftheWestandSouth.AnindependentstudyfoundthelasttwodecadesintheSouthwesttobethedriestcontinuousstretchsincethe1500s.OntheothersideofthecontinenthalfoftheNortheasthadreachedthelevelsofsevereorextreme“bySeptember.Atthismoment72millionAmericansarelivingindroughtconditions.Globallymorethan2billionpeopleliveincountriesexperiencingwhattheUnitedNationscallshighwaterstress.Theeffectsofclimatechangeareneitherconsistentnoruniform.InrecentyearsforexampletheMidwesthasexperiencedbothwidespreadfloodingandpersistentdroughtYetaswaterexpertsgrapplewithunderstandingtheseunusualweatherpatternsassumptionsaboutwaterareshiftingaswell.AsJensBerggrenaSwedishsustainabilityexperttoldDeutscheWellesnotalackofwaterperseitsalackofwatergovernance.Ifpeoplecouldreducewater就适应了这一大规模转变的研究人员发现，口渴的参与者与无能为力、匿名的人分享水的次数比他们分享钱的次数更多〃开普敦现在更好地避免了水压力，因为人们创造了不同的生活方式Adaptingtoachangingplanetrequiresmorethanaphysicalresponsetoscarcity.Itentailsseeingabundanceinpeople7sabilitytoinnovatejointogetherincommoncauseandbeopentolettinggoofdestructivebehavior.Thosetraitsarenotscarce.Andneitherishumanity1sabilitytodrawuponthem.适应不断变化的地球需要的不仅仅是对稀缺性的物理反应它需要看到人们创新能力的丰富，在共同的事业中团结一致，并对放弃破坏性行为持开放态度这些特征并不罕见人类利用它们的能力也是如此usebyalmosthalfhesaidthatwould〃giveampleopportunitytomeetallourneeds/1LastyearresearchersinFinlandaskedanovelquestion:CantherebewaterscarcitywithanabundanceofwaterDespiteFinlandhavingamplewaterresourcesandtypicallynosignificantdryseasonthestudyfoundthatlocaldrought-likeeffectswerebeingcausedbypopulationconcentrationdrainageofwetlandsandinefficientwateruse.Thefindingledtoarethinkofhumandevelopmentinordertofindabalancewithwaterresources.AgoodexampleofaplacethatdidresetitsharmonywithnatureisCapeTownSouthAfrica.InMarch2018followingthreeyearsofseveredroughtthecitysmainreservoirhadfallento11%capacity.Thismonthitreachedoverflowcapacity.Areturnofbetter-than-averagerainfallhelpedbuttherealchangewascivic.Thecityimposedstrictwater-usepracticesandresidentsquicklyadapted.Researchersofthismassshiftfound“thirstyparticipantssharewatermoreoftenequallywithpowerlessanonymousothersthantheydomoney.〃CapeTownisnowbetterpoisedtoavoidwaterstressbecausepeoplecreateddifferentlifestyles.Adaptingtoachangingplanetrequiresmorethanaphysicalresponsetoscarcity.Itentailsseeingabundanceinpeople7sabilitytoinnovatejointogetherincommoncauseandbeopentolettinggoofdestructivebehavior.Thosetraitsarenotscarce.Andneitherishumanity7sabilitytodrawuponthem.【新课标重点词汇】prolonged-持续的drought-干旱precipitation-降水relief-缓解independent-独立的Southwest-西南部Northeast-东北部severe-严重的extreme-极端的waterstress-水资源匮乏压力consistent-一致的uniform-均匀的flooding-洪水governance-治理assumptions-彳身设reduce-减少scarcity-稀缺性abundance-充裕populationconcentration-人口密度drainage-排水inefficient-低效的humandevelopment-人类发展harmony-和谐CapeTown-开普敦reservoir-水库civic-市民的strict-严格的water-usepractices-用水习惯adapt-适应planet-行星innovation-创新commoncause-共同目标open-开放的destructivebehavior-破坏性行为traits-特质drawupon-利用physicalresponse-物理反应scarcity-稀缺waterresources-水资源waterstress-水压力persistent-持续的effects-影响grapple-探索understand-理解assumptions-彳身定shift-转变governance-治理participants-参与者lifestyles-生活方式humanity-人类【阅读理解练习题】AccordingtofederalscientistswhatproportionofthecontinentalUnitedStatesisexperiencingprolongeddroughtApproximately25%Nearly50%Over75%Morethan90%答案Be中文解析根据文章第一句话，联邦科学家表示，将近一半的美国大陆正经历持续性的干旱WhataresomeeffectsofclimatechangeConsistentanduniformweatherpatternsLackofdroughtandfloodingintheMidwestDroughtandwaterscarcityinsomeareasGovernanceofwaterresourcesaroundtheworldimproving答案co中文解析根据文章第三句话，气候变化的影响并不一致或统一，最近几年，中西部地区经历了广泛的洪水和持续的干旱WhydidtheresearchersinFinlandconducttheirstudyTotestdroughtmodelsusedinothercountriesToinvestigatetheeffectsofpopulationconcentrationonwaterresourcesTofindwaysofdealingwithasignificantdryseasonToexplorewhysomecountriessufferfromhighwaterstress答案Bo中文解析根据文章第四段，芬兰的研究人员提出一个新问题是否可以有充足的水资源而又出现水资源匮乏？该研究发现当地人口集中、湿地排水和低效用水开采等原因正在引起与干旱相似的局部影响WhatwasthemaincauseofthedroughtinCapeTownSouthAfricaLackofrainfallPopulationconcentrationInefficientuseofwaterDrainageofwetlands答案Ao中文解析根据文章第五段，经过三年的严重干旱后，开普敦市的主要蓄水池容量降至11%0文章指出适应一个变化中的星球需要更多的是对稀缺的实质性反应，文章还提到城市在严格管制用水并采取其他行动后最终恢复了.WhatisJensBerggrensopinionaboutwateruseA.ItisnecessarytoreducewaterusebyalmosthalftomeetallourneedsB.WatergovernanceistheonlysolutiontotheproblemofwaterscarcityC.ItisimpossibletoprovideampleopportunitytomeetallourneedsthroughwaterusereductionD.Wateruseshouldbeallowedtocontinueatcurrentlevels答案Ao中文解析通过第三段，我们可以得知Berggrens的看法他表示，如果人们可以将用水减少近一半，那么这将为满足我们的所有需求提供充足的机会WhatisthemainmessageofthisarticleAbundanceofwaterresourcescanpreventwaterscarcityClimatechangecausesconsistentanduniformeffectsonallregionsWaterscarcityisacomplexissuewithmultiplecausesPopulationconcentrationisthemaincauseofdrought-likeeffects答案co中文解析整篇文章在讨论水的问题，指出水资源的稀缺性是一个复杂的问题，需要人们采取多种措施来解决HowdidresidentsofCapeTowncontributetoavoidingwaterstressBycreatingdifferentlifestylesBymovingtootherareaswherewaterwasmoreavailableBydevelopingnewtechnologiestoobtainwaterBybuildingmorereservoirstostorewater答案Ao中文解析根据文章第五段，开普敦市陷入水压力时，城市对水使用实施了严格的规定，并迅速适应了这种新的生活方式WhatdidtheresearchersinFinlandfindTherewasnosignificantdryseasoninFinlandPopulationconcentrationhadnoeffectonwaterresourcesFinlandwasnotexperiencingdrought-likeeffectsdespitehighwaterstressLocaldrought-likeeffectswerebeingcausedbypopulationconcentrationdrainageofwetlandsandinefficientwateruse答案Do中文解析根据文章第四段，芬兰的研究发现，当地人口集中、湿地排水和低效用水开采等原因正在引起与干旱相似的局部影响HowdidCapeTownavoidwaterstressByrelyingonnewtechnologiestoobtainmorewaterBybuildingmorereservoirstostorewaterBycreatingdifferentlifestylesandimposingstrictwater-usepracticesD.Bymovingtootherareaswherewaterwasmoreavailable答案co中文解析根据文章第五段，开普敦市陷入水压力时，城市对水使用实施了严格的规定，并迅速适应了这种新的生活方式WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueThelasttwodecadesintheSouthwestisthedriestcontinuousstretchsincethe1500s.PrecipitationmodelspredictthatwinterwillprovidelittlereliefinmuchoftheWestandSouth.NearlyhalfoftheNortheasthadreachedthelevelsofsevere”or“extremebySeptember.Theeffectsofclimatechangeareconsistentanduniform.答案Do中文解析根据文章第三句话，气候变化的影响并不一致或统一对应选项D是不正确的陈述【全文翻译】NearlyhalfofthecontinentalUnitedStatesisexperiencingprolongeddroughtaccordingtofederalscientists.PrecipitationmodelspredictthatwinterwillprovidelittlereliefinmuchoftheWestandSouth.AnindependentstudyfoundthelasttwodecadesintheSouthwesttobethedriestcontinuousstretchsincethe1500s.据联邦科学家称，美国大陆近一半的地区正在经历长期干旱降水模型预测，冬季对西部和南部大部分地区几乎没有缓解作用一项独立研究发现西南部最近二十年是自16世纪以来最干旱的连续时期OntheothersideofthecontinenthalfoftheNortheasthadreachedthelevelsof“severeorextremebySeptember.Atthismoment72millionAmericansarelivingindroughtconditions.Globallymorethan2billionpeopleliveincountriesexperiencingwhattheUnitedNationscallshighwaterstress.在非洲大陆的另一边，到9月东北部一半的地区已经达到了〃严重〃或〃极端〃的水平目前，7200万美国人生活在干旱的环境中在全球范围内超过20亿人生活在经历联合国所说的高水压力的国家Theeffectsofclimatechangeareneitherconsistentnoruniform.InrecentyearsforexampletheMidwesthasexperiencedbothwidespreadfloodingandpersistentdrought.Yetaswaterexpertsgrapplewithunderstandingtheseunusualweatherpatternsassumptionsaboutwaterareshiftingaswell.AsJensBerggrenaSwedishsustainabilityexperttoldDeutscheWellesnotalackofwaterperseitsalackofwatergovernance.Ifpeoplecouldreducewaterusebyalmosthalfhesaidthatwould〃giveampleopportunitytomeetallourneeds/7气候变化的影响既不一致也不一致例如，近年来，中西部地区经历了大范围的洪水和持续的干旱然而，当水资源专家努力理解这些不寻常的天气模式时，对水的假设也在改变正如瑞典可持续发展专家JensBerggren告诉德国之声的那样，〃这本身并不是缺水，而是缺乏水治理”他说，如果人们能够将用水减少近一半，那将为满足我们的所有需求提供充足的机会”LastyearresearchersinFinlandaskedanovelquestion:CantherebewaterscarcitywithanabundanceofwaterDespiteFinlandhavingamplewaterresourcesandtypicallynosignificantdryseasonthestudyfoundthatlocaldrought-likeeffectswerebeingcausedbypopulationconcentrationdrainageofwetlandsandinefficientwateruse.Thefindingledtoarethinkofhumandevelopmentinordertofindabalancewithwaterresources.去年，芬兰的研究人员提出了一个新颖的问题水资源丰富会导致缺水吗？尽管芬兰拥有充足的水资源，通常没有明显的旱季，但研究发现，当地类似干旱的影响是由人口集中、湿地排水和低效用水造成的这一发现促使人们重新思考人类发展，以寻求与水资源的平衡AgoodexampleofaplacethatdidresetitsharmonywithnatureisCapeTownSouthAfrica.InMarch2018followingthreeyearsofseveredroughtthecitysmainreservoirhadfallento11%capacity.Thismonthitreachedoverflowcapacity.Areturnofbetter-than-averagerainfallhelpedbuttherealchangewascivic.Thecityimposedstrictwater-usepracticesandresidentsquicklyadapted.Researchersofthismassshiftfoundthirstyparticipantssharewatermoreoftenequallywithpowerlessanonymousothersthantheydomoney.”CapeTownisnowbetterpoisedtoavoidwaterstressbecausepeoplecreateddifferentlifestyles.南非开普敦就是一个很好的例子，它确实重新设定了与自然的和谐2018年3月，在经历了三年的严重干旱之后，该市的主要水库容量已降至11%这个月它达到了溢出容量好于平均水平的降雨有所帮助，但真正的变化是公民该市实行了严格的用水做法，居民很快。