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英语语法填空指导-词形转换解题规则——判断词形转换的5种技法技法1提示词为动词的词形转换提示词为动词,如果既不是谓语动词,也不是非谓语动词,则考虑动词词形转换动词是转换成名词还是形容词,则根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析.作定语形容词性物主代词.如果宾语与主语是指同一人,用反身代词.填it的情况作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况.that、those作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复技法5提示词为数词的词形转换
1.seventh考查数词设空处表示“七年级”,应用序数词形式
2.fifth考查数词根据语境可知,此处表示“第五个春节”,应用序数词形式
3.ninth考查序数词根据语境可知,此处表示第九次,应用序数词形式
4.hundreds考查数词hundredsof为固定短语意为“数以百计的twentieth考查数词这里表示“20世纪”也就是“第20个世纪”应用序数词eighties考查数词inoneslateeighties表示“在某人快九十岁时”nineties考查数词inthenineties意为“在九十年代”seventies考查数词这里表示许渊冲先生在70多岁时还在翻译中国古诗词inhisseventies表示“在他70多岁时”Test12022•沈阳市教学质量检测一Manyscientistsbelieveourloveofsugarmayactuallybeanaddiction.Whenweeatordrinksomethingcontainingsugarthesugarentersourbloodandaffectspartsofourbrainthatmakeusfeelgood.Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway1leaveuswantingmore.All2tastefoodsdothisbutsugarhasaparticularlystrongeffect.Inthiswayitisinfactanaddictivedrugonethatdoctorsrecommendweallcutdownon.Ourbodies3designtosurviveonverylittlesugar.Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefoodsoourbodieslearnedtobeveryefficientinstoringsugarasfat.Inthiswaywehadenergy4storeforwhentherewasnofood.Buttodaymostpeoplehavemorethanenough.Soverythingthatoncesavedusmaynowbekillingus.Sowhatisthe6solveItsobviousthatweneedtoeatlesssugar.Thetroubleisintoday5sworlditsextremelydifficulttoavoid.Frombreakfastcereals7after-dinnerdessertsourfoodsareincreasinglyfilledwithit.Somemanufacturersevenusesugartoreplacetastesinfoodsthatareadvertisedaslowinfat.Buttherearepeopleandorganizations8arefightingbackagainstsugar.Manyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswithhealthieroptionslikefruit.Otherschools9growtheirownfoodingardensorbuilding10facilitylikewalkingtrackssostudentsandothersinthecommunitycanexercise.Thebattlehasnotyetbeenlost.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文研究发现,喜欢吃糖实际上是对糖的上瘾这种习惯严重影响着身体健康为消除这种影响,一些学校正在用水果等作零食代替含糖甜品leaving考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,设空处作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果应用动词-ing形式tasty考查词形转换本空后面是名词foods应用形容词修饰名词aredesigned考查时态、语态和主谓一致主语和动词design之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态;主语Ourbodies是复数,谓语动词应用复数;该句陈述的是一般规律,应用一般现在时stored考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,该句使用了havesthdone结构;名词energy和store之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作have的宾语补足语the考查冠词根据空后的定语从句可知,该处表示特指,应用定冠词solution考查词形转换根据定冠词the可知,这里应用名词形式to考查介词from...to…为固定搭配,表示“从到that考查定语从句分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,指代先行词peopleandorganizations在从句中作主语,应用关系代词引导该定语从句当定语从句中有两个先行词,一个指人,一个指物时,关系词只能用thataregrowing考查时态和主谓一致根据上句中的arereplacing可知,该句也应用现在进行时,表示正在发生的动作;主语为复数,谓语动词应用复数facilities考查名词的单复数根据likewalkingtracks并结合常识可知,学校在校园里建诸如跑道等体育设施体育设施有许多,应用复数形式Test22022•高三名校联考信息优化卷Chinais1wideknownforitsancientcivilizationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimesdespitetheupsanddownsin2ithistory.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible—3oneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.AtthebeginningwrittenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.lt4datebackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu-animalbonesand5shellonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintodayshanzi.BytheShangDynasty1600—1046BCEthesesymbolshadbecomeawell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyearsthesystemdevelopedintodifferentformsasitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically6leadtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.ThishoweverchangedunderEmperorQinShihuangoftheQinDynasty221—207BCE.WrittenChinesehasbecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChinaspresentisconnectedwithitspast.Peopleinmodemtimescanreadtheclassicworkswhich7writebyChineseinancienttimes.ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthe8developofChinesecharactersasanartformknownasChinesecalligraphy—9hasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.TodayasChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs10increasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChinascultureandhistorythroughtheamazinglanguage.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了汉字的演变和发展历史从甲骨文到商朝的不同汉字形式,再到现代汉字widely考查副词副词修饰动词,设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词形式its考查代词设空处和后面的名词history是所属关系,应用形容词性物主代词itsbut考查连词根据语境可知,此处为转折关系,故填butdates考查时态、语态和主谓一致该句陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;该句主语it和date之间是主谓关系;该句主语为it是第三人称单数故填datesshells考查名词的单复数shell为可数名词,根据句中的bones及常识可知,设空处与此对应,应用复数形式leading考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,设空处为非谓语动词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,应用动词-ing形式werewritten考查时态、语态和主谓一致which引导定语从句指代theclassicworks先行词为复数形式;关系词和动词write之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态;根据inancienttimes可知,该处陈述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时故填werewrittendevelopment考查名词根据定冠词the可知,设空处应用名词形式which考查定语从句分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词Chinesecalligraphy故填which□an考查冠词anumberof为固定搭配,意为“许多”,应用不定冠词,且increasing的读音以元音音素开头,故填an3v.+-r/-ei7-or转换为名词表示“人”perform一perfdrmer表演者settle一settler移民者educate一educator教育家direct一director导演visit一visitor访问者4v.+-ure转换为名词fail^failure;mix一mixture;press^pressure;depart一departure5后缀-th结尾的名词grow一growth;die一deathdeep一depth;wide一widthwarm一warmth;true一truth6后缀-ance/-ence结尾的名词exist一existence;guide一guidance7后缀-al结尾的名词arrive一arrival;approve一approval;survive一survival
2.动词转换为形容词lv.+-able转换为形容词accept—acceptable可接受的adapt—ad叩table能适应的adjust-adjustable可调节的afford-affordable负担得起的2v.+-ed/-ing转换为形容词confuse-confused感到困惑的worry—worried担心的excite-exciting令人激动的;令人兴奋的3v.+-ive转换为形容词impress—impressive给人深刻印象的instruct-instructive有教育意义的4v.+-ful/-less转换为形容词.2022•茂名市五校联盟第三次联考Afterexperiencingheroldersistersdieandherparentsdivorcesheisdeterminedtostayaliveforthesakeofherbrokenfamily..2022・石家庄市第二中学考前模拟ThereisstillnoconvincingexplainfortheoriginofFRBintheinternationalscientificcommunityatpresent..2022-河北省模拟演练三Sheprovidedmedicalequipcleanwaterandfruits.Withthisworkthedeathratedecreasedto
2.2%..2022-滨州市二模IntheendaMediterraneandietispartofthefactorscontributingtoourphysicalhealthbutittakescommittomakethemhappen..2021・新高考n卷1toldhimhowharmplasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions..2022-福建省高三下学期诊断Thismorningacheerliondancetroupe居U团droveslowlypastmylocalwetmarket..2022•广州市综合测试一Butthemostvalueexperienceofallwasdiscoveringanewsenseofindependenceshesaid..2022•深圳市第一次调研Crowshavelongbeenobservedfortheirvariousamazedisplaysofintelligence..2022•沈阳二中模拟二SomeAmericanprotection考查词形转换分析句子成分可知,设空处作动词promote的宾语,空前有形容词environmental修饰,空处应用名词invitation考查词形转换空处作declined的宾语,应用名词形式,故填invitationoallocation考查词形转换根据语境可知,此处表示“分配给教育部门的资源没有得到很好的管理”,空处应用名词allocation作and之后句子的主语growth考查词形转换分析句子结构可知,空处需用名词,作介词for的宾语,故填growthodeath考查词形转换sisters后应用名词形式,die的名词是deathexplanation考查词形转换形容词修饰名词,故填explanationequipment考查词形转换分析句子成分可知,设空处作动词provide的宾语,应用名词形式,故填equipmentcommitment考查词形转换takecommitmenttodosth意为“承诺做某事“,为固定用法,故填commitmentoharmful考查词形转换根据语境可知,此处表示“我告诉他塑料对环境的危害”,空处应用形容词,表示“有害的”cheerful考查词形转换此处应用形容词修饰名词短语liondancetroupe故填cheerfulvaluable考查词形转换此处修饰名词experience应用形容词amazing考查词形转换根据空前的theirvarious可知,空处应用形容词修饰名词displaysolimited考查词形转换分析句子结构可知,设空处前有定冠词the后有名词短语,因此设空处应用形容词技法2提示词为名词的词形转换manylibrariesalsoofferdigitalcopyofbooksaudiobooksmoviesandmorethroughInternetplatforms.2022•保定市联考Chinasonlineliteraturehasgrowninpopularityoverthelasttwodecade.2021•新高考I卷Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumanare..2022•淄博市二模Manylegendsandstoriesliebehinditsredwallsandunderthegoldenroof.2022•郴州市第一次监测Itiswidelyconsideredthatthesesocialpolicywilldefinitelyimprovethewell-beingofChinesechildren.2022•重庆市名校联盟第一次联考Theprojectwascompletedsoquicklybecausetheworkershadbeenarrangedintosevenunitstoundertakedifferenttaskatthesametime.2022•济宁市高考模拟Hopefullythecutewittyhi-techBingDwenDwencanbecomeaclassicandcountlesslastingmemorywillstickinOlympichistory.2022•辽宁省协作体第一次模拟“Makingcoinswasoneofthegreatestfinancialactivityinhumanhistory“saidresearchersaddingthatitallowedwealthtobetradedeasily.
10.2021•全国乙卷Providefinanceaidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.
11.2022♦鞍山市第二次质量监测Therewerenostarsnocelebritiesorprofessionperformerspopulations考查名词复数population在这里表示“种群”,是可数名词,由空前的separate可知,应用其复数形式copies考查名词复数根据空后的fbooks可知,此处是指许多数字拷贝,copy为可数名词,应用其复数形式decades考查名词复数decade为可数名词,且空前有two修饰,应用名词的复数形式故填decadesohumans考查名词复数本空作宾语从句主语we的同位语,应用名词的复数形式,故填humansoroofs考查名词复数roof为可数名词,此处表示的数量大于一,应用复数形式policies考查名词复数根据these可知,此处应用可数名词的复数形式tasks考查名词复数根据different可知,此处表示不止一项任务,应用task的复数形式memories考查名词复数memory为可数名词,且由countless修饰,应用其复数形式activities考查名词复数activity为可数名词,此处为“oneof+形容词最高级+可数名词的复数形式financial考查词形转换根据空后的名词aid可知,应用形容词作定语professional考查词形转换形容词修饰名词作定语,结合空后的名词performers可知此处应用形容词original考查词形转换根据空后的名词features可知,应用形容词作定语educational考查词形转换根据空后的名词difficulties可知,此处应用形容词作定语nation5s考查词形转换根据语境可知,句子表示“体验这个国家多样化的习俗和传统”空处表示“国家的”故填nationscountrys考查词形转换此处用名词所有格修饰后面的名词economy故填countrysyears考查词形转换分析句子结构可知,名词year和名词lecture存在所属关系,应用名词所有格,故填years技法3提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换(2021•新高考I卷)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.ltwill(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!(2022•连云港市第二次调研)Thisisespeciallytrueincountrieswheretraditionalmedicinesare(wide)used.(2022•抚顺市高三模拟)Chinahasexpressedanambitiontolandpeopleonthemoonand(possible)buildascientificbasethere.(2022•泉州市质量监测二)(similar)insteadoflearningknowledgeinsidetheclassroomstudentsshouldbeencouragedtotakeadventureoutsideandvisitplaceswheretheycanwitnessthedevelopmentoftheirhometown.(2021•新高考I卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegetsthe(hot)thespring!.(2022•威海市高考模拟)Asthebenefitsofspaceexplorationandinnovationbecome(well)knownincreasinglymorecountriesandnon-governmentalentitiesareinterestedinengaginginexplorationandinnovation.(2022•连云港市模拟二)TheSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultwhichpreservesalmostonemillionseedsampleshasoneofthe(large)collections.(2022•大连市二模)ButJapanwholackeditsownmineralresourcestookthethemeofasustainable(可持续的)future(seriously)thanothers.eventually考查词形转换该空修饰动词achieve应用所给词的副词形式,故填eventuallyoresponsibility考查词形转换根据空前的不定冠词a可知,此处应用名词的单数形式,故填responsibilityoofficially考查词形转换空处修饰known应用副词officially作状语wisdom考查词形转换空处应用名词作combine的宾语,wise的名词形式是wisdom是不可数名词,意为“智慧undoubtedly考查词形转换分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,修饰动词help故填undoubtedlyowidely考查词形转换根据语境并分析句子结构可知,此处用副词widely作状语,修饰usedopossibly考查词形转换修饰动词build应用副词Similarly考查词形转换分析句子结构可知,设空处位于句首,应用副词修饰整个句子作状语,故填Similarlyhotter考查形容词的比较级根据语境可知,气温越低,温泉就越热本空所在句使用了“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构表示“越就越,故填hot的比较级hotterbetter考查副词的比较级根据语境可知,空间探索和创新的好处更加为人所知,所以更多的国家和非政府组织对其感兴趣,空处应用副词的比较级largest考查形容词的最高级分析句子结构可知,此处为“oneof+形容词的最高级+可数名词复数”结构,所以空处应用形容词的最高级moreseriously考查副词的比较级根据空后的thanothers可知,应用副词seriously的比较级形式,在其前加more技法4提示词为代词的词形转换mine考查代词空处与上文的itwillalwaysstickinthevisitorsmemory相呼应,表示Itsuresticksinmymemory故填名词性物主代词mine□themselves考查代词当主语和宾语一致时,应用反身代词作宾语,they的反身代词是themselvesothem考查代词空处作interpret的宾语,指代上文的emotions应用themtheir考查代词numbers和they之间是所属关系,因此空处应用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词numbersones考查代词空处指代“70%的恒星中最小的和温度最低的那些”,应用复数形式ones表示泛指
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表
二、牢记代词的句法功能
1.作主语人称代词主格
2.作宾语/表语人称代词宾格和名词性物主代词解题攻略典例印证第一步确定是否考查词形转换提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时,首先要考虑词形转换;提示词为动词,且该动词在句中既不作谓语,也不作非谓语,则要考虑动词词形转换第二步确定转换形式据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析,最终确定正确的词形转换形式【典例】2022•全国甲卷Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmoremeaning.Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.【分析】第一步确定是否考查词形转换提示词为名词,由evenmore可确定,此处应该考虑形容词词形转换第二步确定转换形式结合句意”这将使他的徒步旅行更有意义”可知,空处应用形容词自主解答meaningful快捷思维典例印证
1.动词转换为名词1v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”celebrate一celebration庆祝compete一competition比赛pollute—pollution污染educate一education教育possess一possession拥有2v.+-ment转换为名词,表小“行为或结果”develop—development发展announce一announcement宣布argue一argument争论;论据encourage一encouragement鼓励.2022•全国甲卷CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroadinordertopromoteenvironmentalprotect..2022-1月浙江高考Whentheanswerwasnoshedeclinedtheinvite..2022•连云港市考前模拟一Wedonthaveenoughresourcesallocatedtooureducationalsectorandthelittleallocatetothesectorisnotwellmanaged..2022•武汉市模拟一Meanwhileabigtourismcompanysaiditsruraltourismbusinesshasshownsignificantpotentialforfuturegrowintherecentthreeyears.快捷思维典例印证
1.基数词变序数词1一般由基数词加-th构成six—sixthseven—seventhten一tenthhundred一hundredth2以y结尾的基数词,先把y变为ie再加-th twenty-^twentieththirty一thirtieth3不规则变化one一firsttwo一secondthree一thirdfive一fiftheight一eighthnine一ninthtwelve一twelfth2021•新高考H卷Ivealwayslovedtheocean.InthesevengradeIstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.2022•厦门市第二次质量检测ThisyearRemilaspentherfiveSpringFestivalaboardthecarrier.2022•青岛市一模ChinabeatSouthKorea3—2fromtwogoalsdowninthedramaticfinaloftheAFCWomen5sAsianCuponSundaynightwinningthechampionshipfortheninetime16yearslater.2022湖南省百所学校联考Thejunkfloatsaroundhundredofkilometersabovetheearth.Expertssaythemainworryisthatsuchdebriswillhitaspacestationsatelliteorotherequipment.
2.年龄年代表达法1表达“在某人几十多岁”时用“inones+整十基数词的复数”,如inonesfifties在某人五十多岁时;2表达“在几十年代时”,用“inthe+整十基数词的复数”,如inthethirties在三十年代
5.Itisknowntoallthatthereweretwoworldwarsinthetwentycenturywhichgreatlychangedtheworldsituation..2022♦杭州市二模ThereImetagentlemanbythenameofKurieninhislateeighty..Backintheninetyhewouldremainatthezooforalmostthreemonthstostaywiththepandasduringthebreedingseason..XuYuanchongwasoneofthegreatesttranslatorsinChinawhodevotedhimselftotranslatingChinesepoemsinhisseventy.doubt-doubtfUl怀疑的forget—forgetful健忘的thank-thankfUl感激的hope-hopeless不抱希望的scholarsthoughtChinacouldhardlyrealizefood-sufficiencybecauseofthelimitwaterresourcesdecreaseofagriculturallandduetoindustrialexpansionandthefastpopulationgrowth.快捷思维典例印证
1.名词的单复数若提示词名词有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数1有数词或these、thoseseveralfew、many、alRbothvarious.2022•新高考I卷TheGPNPsmaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationandhomesofgiantpandasandeventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild..2022•厦门市第四次质量检测Inadditiontobooks词注意名词变形容词的后缀ln.+-ablehonor-honorable可敬的2n.+-alnature一natural自然的;天生的music-musical音乐的;悦耳的
3.+-fulcolour-colourful颜色鲜艳的meaning一meaningful有意义的4/i.+-en wood一wooden木质的5n.+-y wealth-wealthy富有的wewantedtopresentamodernChinaandthelivesofordinaryChinesepeople.2022•苏锡常镇四市调研一Sincemanyoftheoriginfeaturesofthegardenhavebeenpreservedthegardenhasahighhistoricalandartisticvalue.2022•种BWI市第一次监以UAlotofproblemsareassociatedwithoverusingourdigitaldevicesfromeyehealthandissuesofmentalhealthtoaddictionandeducationdifficulties.
4.名词的所有格提示词与其后的名词是所属关系,应考虑名词的所有格1单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加S;2以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,通常在词尾加’
14.2022•南通市第三次调研Itwasagoodopportunityformetoexperiencethenationdiversecustomsandtraditions..2022-湖南师大附中模拟二UnlikeoldergenerationswhomightfavorWesterncultureandbrandsChineseyouthwerebornandraisedwhenthecountryeconomywastakingoffsotheytendtohavestrongconfidenceintheirnationalidentityandculture..2022•华中师大一附中考前测试Comparedwiththeclassnineyearsagothisyearlecturewasgreatlydifferent.快捷思维典例印证
1.形容词、副词的词形转换1分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时,应考虑用派生的副词或名词;2若空处作定语、表语则应考虑用形容词形式;3若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,则应考虑用副词形式;4若空处在介词后,应考虑用名词作宾语(2022♦新高考I卷)TheGPNPsmaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandasand(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.(2022•全国乙卷)AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDaythebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountryChinahasa(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.(2022•淄博市二模)Coveringsome720000squaremetersand(official)knownasthePalaceMuseumitwashometoroyalfamiliesoftheMingandQingDynasties.(2022•辽宁省高三联考)Thesedaysdoctorsareusinganewapproachtohealingwhichiscalledtapping.Thisapproachcombines(wise)fromChinesemedicinewithtalktherapy(治疗).快捷思维典例印证提示词为代词,当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系具体方法如下1分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,应考虑人称代词的主格形式;2分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语,应考虑人称代词的宾格形式;(2021•新高考I卷)Asthesonggoesthislongandwindingroadwillneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitorsmemory.ltsuredoesin(I).(2022•泰安市全真模拟)Atthewatersideoronthemountainstheseniorsfind(they)inharmonywithnature.(2022•聊城市二模)NowresearchersfromCanadasUniversityofGuelphinsistthatcats3分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,应考虑形容词性物主代词;4分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,应考虑反身代[可oalsoexpressemotionsontheirfaces-onejusthastolearnhowtointerpretthey!.2022•辽宁省模拟Butnowforthefirsttimeinconservationhistorytheynumbersareontheincrease..2022•湖南省名校联考模拟一Butatleast70%ofstarsintheuniversearereddwarfsthetiniestandcoolestoneoutthere.人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe/she/itweyouthey宾格meyouhim/her/itusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves。