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七年级英语下册重点内容UnitlUnit1单词personn.人「psfen]cheerfuladj.快乐的高兴的[tjbfol]hard-workingadj.工作努力的,勤勉的patientadj.耐心的[pe而nt]smartadj.聪明的,机敏的[sma t]probablyadv.很可能[prnbebli]forgetv.忘i己smelln.气味[smel]caren.照顾,照料[kee]missv.想念,怀念[mB.joken.玩笑[dgaok]laughv.笑[la f]remainv.仍然是,保持不变[rihen]strictadj.严格的,严厉的[strkt]encouragev.鼓励[nRatri3]supportn.v.支持[sepo^t]successfuladj.获得成功的[saksesfol]membern.成员[memba]paragraphn.段落[pseragra^]aswell除・..之外,也[ezwel]takecareof照顾,照料telljokes讲笑话makefunof嘲弄,取笑bestrictabout对要求严格stepn.台阶[step]stairsn.[pl.]楼梯receivern.接收者[ribi va]daten.日期[deit]greetingn.问勺笑[gri:tri]addressn.地址[adres]befamousfor以・..而闻名departmentstore百货商店preferto更喜欢goonholiday去度假gosightseeing去观光Unit2必考短语和句型aroundprep.围绕;在周围”Eg.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.adv.“大约;到处”Eg.Thebagisaroundthreekilos.Ifoundnobodyaround.besillytodosth.=Itssillyofsb.todosth.Eg.Youaresillytospendsomuchmoneyonclothes.二Itssillyofyoutospendsomuchmoneyonclothes.Frenchadj.法国的,法国人的;法语的TheFrench=Frenchpeoplelikedeliciousfood.famous比well-known知名度更高Eg.Thisbookisnotonlywell-knownbutalsofamous.westn.”西,西方,西部”Westernadj.“西面的;西部的”placesofinterest名胜古迹suchas列举整体之中的部分同类事物;插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间;后面不可有逗号;后接名词或名词词组,可与andsonon连用forexample用来举例说明;在句中作插入语,置于句首、句中、句末;后面需有逗号Eg.IvisitedsomecitiessuchasBeijingShanghaiandDalian.Idliketokeepapetforexampleadog.befamousfor因而闻名befamousas以(身份)而出名Eg.ChinaisfamousfortheGreatWall.MarkTwinwasfamousasastorywriter.Eg.Heisfamousforhisgreatinventions.Heisfamousasagreatinventor.FranceisfamousforiIsfinefoodandwine.Thetownisfamousasawine-producingplace.adj.=verygoodwonderfulbeexcellentat/insth.在某方面优秀makewine酿造葡bemadebysb.由某人制成Eg.Thiscoatwasmadebymymother.bemadeofsth.由制成(能看出原材料)Eg.Ourdesksaremadeofwood.bemadefrom由制成(看不出原材料)Eg.Thiskindofpaperismadefromgrass.bemadeinto被制成Eg.Woodcanbemadeintomanykindsoffurniture.bemadein在地方制作或生产Eg.ThiskindofcarismadeinShenzhen.onthecoast在海岸线上,在海岸alongthecoast沿海岸线onthebeach在海滩上alongthebeach沿海滩bythesea在海边,靠海bysea经海陆,乘船by就在身边,比near距离更近一些Eg.wespendtheholidaybythesea.near不明确的附近、不远处Eg.Wespendtheholidaynearthesea.prefertodosth.=liketodosth.better更喜欢做某事prefer+名词/动名词preferAtoB喜欢A胜过Bprefertodosth.ratherthantodosth.更愿意,不愿Eg.Hepreferstowalkintherain.Iprefertospendtheweekendathome.DoyouprefermeatorfishIpreferdogstocats.Iprefertogoshoppingratherthanstayathome.=1prefergoingshoppingtostayingathome.trydoingsth.尝试着去做某事;经常表示建议做某事trytodosth努力设法去做某事,试图、尽力做某事Eg.Hetriedtoclimbthetreebuthecouldnot.Whydontyoutrylisteningtosomelightmusic.Whynotaskforyourteachershelp=Whydontyouaskforyourteachershelp.infact事实上,实际上作状语,强调或订正前句almost=nearlygoto+地点名词到达某处同义表达arriveat/in;reachEg.Hegetstoschoolat7:00everyday.=Hearrivesatschoolat7:00everyday.=Hereachesschoolat7:00everyday.takealift=gobyliftUnit2必考语法专有名词专有名词可表示的名称人名如Jenny地名如China节日名称如theSpringfestival星期名称如Sunday月份名称如May组织机构名称如theRedCross书籍报刊名称如ChinaDaily2注意事项
①一般情况,专有名词的第一个字母大写,前面不能用不定冠词“a”通常没复数形式Eg BeijingisthecapitalofChina.有时专有名词可以转化成普通名词,转化后它具有普通名词的特性,可以在其面前加不定冠词“a”,也可以在其词尾加表示复数形式的“s”Eg AMrGreencalledjustnow.姓氏是专有名词,一般情况下,没复数形式,前面也不能加定冠词“the”但如果姓氏前面加定冠词“the”,并后面加上“s”时则表示“一家人”其谓语用复数Eg:TheBlacksarehavingdinner.
④有些专有名词表面上看是复数形式,但实际使用中谓语动词通常用单数形式Eg:TheUnitedStatesisinAmerica.连词andbutso的用法♦and的六点用法♦⑴表示联合,意为“和”、“又”、“而且”Wewerecoldandhungry.我们饥寒交迫Iwokeupandgotoutofbed.我醒了就起床了Heplayedthepianoandshesang.他弹钢琴,她唱歌2有时用于连接两个相同的词语,表示连续性Thetrainranfasterandfaster.火车开得越来越快Wewaitedforhoursandhours.我们一直等了好几个小时Theboyslaughedandlaughed这些孩子笑个不停【注】但有时连接两个相同名词表示不同的质量和种类Therearedictionariesanddictionaries.词典彳艮多,有好有坏3在口语中用在comegorunstaystoptry等之后表示目的,大致相当于不定式符号to Comeandhaveteawithme.过来跟我一起喝杯茶Weoughttostopandthink.我们应该停下来想一想4有时用在祈使句后,表示结果,意为“那么”Workhardandyou11succeed.努力干吧,你会成功的Arrivelateoncemoreandyourefired.你再迟一次,你就会被开除比较Ifyouworkhardyou11succeed.如果你努力干,你会成功的5有时表示对比有类似but的意思Heisrichandyetleadsamodestlife.他很富有,但却过着朴素的生活RobertissecretiveandDavidiscandid.罗伯特深藏不露,而戴维则有啥说啥6用在goodnicefine等之后,表示“很”,“挺”Itsniceandcoolunderthetree.这树下很凉快Thebookisgoodandexpensive.这本书彳艮贵♦but的用法举例♦.连接词或短语Itwasasunnybutnotverywarmday.那一天天气晴朗,却不太暖和Hedrivesnotcarefullybutslowly.他开车不是很小心,而是开得很慢.连接句子Thisisntagoodonebutitwillanswer.这不太好,但可以将就用Helookshonestbutactuallyhesarogue他看起来很老实,实际他是一个坏蛋Shehashadnoanswertohimbuthegavenoanswer.我向他说了早上好,但他没有回应Mrs.BrownwasabouttobeginbutJenniespokefirst.布朗夫人正要开始讲话,珍妮先讲了Atfirsthewasalittleshybutnowheactsmorenatural.开始时他有些腼腆但现在他表现得很自然了Therewasalittletroubleatfirstbutthingsweresoonquiet.起初有点小麻烦后来情况就平静了.用于句首Buttheresonethingweareagreedon.但有一点大家的意见是一致的.用于道歉的表达之后ImfrightfullysorrybutIcantseeyoutoday.太对不起了,我今天不能见你ExcusemebutIdontthinkthatsquitetrue.很抱歉,我认为这与事实略有出入.用于not…but…,表示“不是而是”NotyoubutIamtoblame.不是你的错而是我的错.用在某些否定语后,表示“只……”Heeatsnothingbuthamburgers.他只吃汉堡包Sheknowsnoonebutyou.她只认识你Youhavenobodybutyourselftoblame.只能‘怪你自己Noonebutmesawher.只有我看见他.用于nextlastbutone中,表示“隔壁再过去”“倒数第……”Helivesinthenexthousebutone.他住在隔壁再过去一家Hewasthelastbutonetoarrive.他是倒数第二个到的.canthelpbut不由得不Youcan,thelpbutrespectthem.你不由得不尊敬他们IcanthelpbutwonderwhatIshoulddonext.我不由得不想知道下一步该怎么办【注意】不要按汉语意思将“虽然…但是…”直译为although…but…:误Thoughwearepoorbutwearehappy.(去掉though或but中任一个)♦SO作连词用,意为“因而”、“所以”、“为了”、“以便”等例如WangTaospenwasbrokensoheneededanewone.王涛的钢笔坏了,所以他需要买枝新的注意用英语表达“因为……,所以……”时一,用了because就不能再用so用了so就不能再用becauseUnit3Unit3单词blindadj.瞎的,失明的[bland]radion.无线电广播[,rerido]programmen.节目[praograsm]helpfuladj.有用的,有帮助的[helpfel]rescuen.营救[teskju]meanv.表示・・的意/留、[mi n]receptionistn.接待员[rIsep^nEt]allowv.允许进入(或出去、通过)[olau]petn.宠物[pet]anywhereadv.任何土也方Venhwee]apologizev.道歉[apnladsaE.leadv.带领barkv.吠叫[ba k]wakev.醒来[wek]toweln.毛巾[taoal]bottomn.底部[hotam]finallyadv.终于最后[Jfansli]airportn.机场[eapo^t]appearv.出现[ape]actv.扮演(戏剧、电影中的角色)[skt]climbv.攀登,攀爬[klam]darkadj.黑暗的[da k]nothingpron.没有什么,没有一件东西「nAu]arriveat达至Ubyoneself独自lead(sb.)to带领(某人)到・・・fallasleep入睡wakeup醒来getdown蹲下,趴下fireengine消防车Unit3必考短语和句型
1.blindadj.失明的作定语或表语前加定冠词the表示一类人Eg.Heisblind.Hewasateacheroftheblind.【固定搭配】asblindasabat极差的,几乎看不见的beblindto...对视而不见giveup放弃gotowork上班alldayandallnight夜以继日Unitl必考短语和句型hard-working勤勉的努力工作的“作定语workhard动副结构短语bepatientwithsb.“对某人有耐心takeonestimetodosth.“花费时间做某事”Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.=sb.spendsometimeonsth./indoingsth.“做某事需花费……时间”likedoingsth.“喜欢做某事”表喜欢、爱好某种经常的或习惯性的活动liketodosth.“喜欢去做”表喜欢、爱好某种特定的或具体的活动Eg.IlikevisitingfriendsonSundaysandIliketovisitTomthisSunday.likesb.todosth.“喜欢某人做某事”Eg.Wealllikehimtoplaytheguitarlike介词Eg.Shelookslikeherfather.withturnablindeyeto...对熟视无睹Eg.Heisblindtohisownfaults.Televisionprogramme电视节目helpfuladj.有帮助的,有益的近义词useful反义词helpless(无助的)Eg.Ourteachersarekindandhelpful.meanvt.过去式:meant“表示……的意思”名词:meaning(意思;意义)Eg.WhatdoyoumeanbysayingthatWhatdoesthiswordmean=Whatsthemeaningofthiswordwelcomeadj.“受欢迎的”【拓展】感叹词“欢迎”Eg.WelcometoChina!Vt.“欢迎(人),欣然接受(意见)”Eg.AllthestudentsandteacherswelcomeDoctorBrown.交际用语“不用谢,不客气”Eg.一一Thankyouforyourhelp.一Yourewelcome.sorryadj.“对不起”用于对别人有伤害或做错事时besorry+句子“对抱歉”【拓展】besorrytodosth.抱歉做某事Eg.I’msorrytotroubleyou.besorryaboutsth.为某事感到遗憾besorryforsb.为某人感到难过、同情Eg.Imsorryaboutwhatshappened.感至U遗‘憾Iamverysorryforthefamily.十分同情交际口语听到伤心或不愉快的消息时的回答Eg.一一Imafraidhesill.--Imsorrytohearthat.Excuseme通常用在打扰别人或吸引别人注意时,在说或做某事之前使用Sorry在说活做这件事之后使用,表示歉意Eg.ExcusemewhereisthebankSorryIcantrememberyourname.anywhereadv.任何地方;无论何处”(用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句)Eg.Ihaventgotanywheretolive.没找到住的地方Didyoutrytogethelpfromanywhere.【拓展】somewhere在某处”用于肯定句中nowhere”无处,任何地方都不(表示否定意义,等于not...anywhere)”byoneself独自在句中用作状语Eg.Icandoitbymyself.apologizevi”道歉,认错”=saysorry【短语】apologizetosb.=saysorrytosb.向某人道歉apologizeforsth./doingsth.为(做)某事道歉用Eg.Youmustapologizetoherforhavingkeptherwaiting.leadvtvi过去式led“引导;领导”leadsb.to...引领某人去某处Eg.Theboyledtheblindmantotheothersideoftheroad.同义gotosleepEg.IfellasleepsoUnit3必考语法反身代词.反身代词的基本用法是在句子中作宾语或表语(反身代词反指句子的主语表示“本人”或“亲酎)DidyouenjoyyourselflastnightWeshouldnotthinkonlyofourselves.Hedidthehomeworkhimself..byoneself形式,其含义为alone(单独地,独自地)Iwentonholidaybyhimself.=Iwentonholidayalone.ShelearntEnglishbyherself..反身代词常用于某些固定搭配中allbyoneselflearnbyoneselfthinktooneselfsaytooneselfteachoneselfleaveonebyoneselfmakeoneselfathomeUnit4Unit4单词savev.拯救[seiv]pinen.松树[pan]discussv.讨论[disRas]branchn.树枝[bra ntjrootn.根[ru:t]fightv.与...作斗争[fat]againstprep.反对genst]examplen.例子[gzcrmpl]harmfuladj.有害的[ha^fol]gasn.气体[gses]producev.产生,生产[pradju s]oxygenn.氧气[bksd3
(3)n]majoradj.主要的[hedse]convenientadj.方便的[kanbi nBnt]furnituren.家具[fshit向imaginev想像设想[imsedgn]diseasen.疾病[dizi z.digv.挖[dg]holen.洞[haul]carryv.搬,扛,背[k岔ri]containern.容器[kantena]takein吸收comefrom来自forexample例如[fo//za mpl]infact补充细节确切地说[nfsekt]lookaround环顾四周bemadeof由・・・制成millionsof大量的,数以百万计的begoodfor对・・.有用,有好处Unit4必考短语和句型savevt.拯救;解救Eg.Letsdosomethingtosavetheanimalsindanger.Thepolicesavedthechildfromthefire.【拓展】save”节省、储蓄”Eg.savemoneysavetime【变形】safeadj.safetyn.discussvt“讨论”后接名词短语或wh-从句及wh-短语discussionn.Eg.Wediscussedtheproblem.Wewilldiscusswhoshoulddoit.Wewilldiscusswhattoteachnextterm.leafn.“树叶”复数leavesEg.Thefallofoneleafisenoughtotellthecomingofautumn.——叶知秋Theleavesturngreeninspring.变绿help+do=help+todo“帮忙做help+名词+todo“帮某人做……”Eg.Ihelpedtowashthecar.Ihelpedhimtolookforhiskey.【拓展】help+with...或help+名词+with...“在某方面帮忙”Eg.CanIhelpyouwithyourworkCanyouhelpmewithmyhomeworkMaryfightfor...“为而战”fight过去式foughtfightagainst”与作斗争”Eg.Heisfightingagainsthissickness.Theyfightforfreedom.providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.提供给某人……,为某人提供……Eg.Sheepprovideuswithwool.=Sheepprovidewoolforus.inmanyways”在许多方面”【短语】bytheway顺便说一下inaway在某种程度上inthewayofsb.妨碍某人onthewayto...在去的途中inthisway用这种方法keep“使维持某种状态”keep+名词+形容词Eg.Thenoisekepthimawake.keep+名词+副词/介词短语Eg.Dontkeeptheboyoutside/intheroomkeep+名词+doingEg.Shekeptmewaitingforhalfanhour.takein...“接受,吸收”Eg.Thekindmanwouldliketotakeinthepoorboy.Fishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.鱼用鳏吸氧气breathe[i:]v.呼吸breath[e]n.make普通用词,指任何东西的制造或制造过程Eg.Hemadethedeskhimself.produce正式用词,除表示大量生产制造外,还表示创造Eg.Thetreewillproducesomeblossomnextyear.infact实际上,事实上用作状语,用于强调或订正前句Eg.Hedoesntmind.Infactheispleased.Eg.Lookaroundyoubeforecrossingthestreets.朝各方向看看Dontlookaroundwhenyoustudy.学习时,别东张西Unit4必考语法现在进行时态
一、现在进行时的用法
1、表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作如Imbabysittingmyyoungerbrother.我在照看我弟弟Itsrainingoutside.外面正在下雨
2、表示现阶段一直在进行或不断重复的动作,但说话时该动作并不一定在进行如HeswatchinganinterestingTVplaythesedays.近来,他在看一部很有趣的电视剧AreyouteachingEnglishinaschool你在学校教英语吗?
3、表示最近的确定安排,即根据计划或安排在近期内将要发生的动作这是表示眼前打算最普通的说法,但一般要与表示将来的时间连用,以避免现在进行时和一般将来时的含义上的混淆例如Immeetingyouattheairportthisevening.今晚,我会到机场接你Whatareyouhavingfordinner晚饭吃什么?
4、表示从一个地方到另一个地方位置移动的动词如gocomedriveflytravelarriveleavestartvisitrunreturn等,以及动词do等的现在进行时形式,可以用来表示没有确定安排的决定或计划HesleavingforBeijingtomorrow.他明天动身去北京WhatareyoudoingnextSunday下星期天你要干什么?
5、现在进行时和alwaysusuallyallthetime等连用时,表示一种经常、反复的动作,且说话人往往带有某种感情色彩(如赞扬、欣赏、厌烦、批评、惊讶、不理解等)例如Shesalwayshelpingothers.她总是乐于助人(表示赞赏)Youarealwaystalkinginclass.你上课老是说话(表示批评)
二、现在进行时的谓语部分构成现在进行时在句式的变化上,都应在助动词be上做文章
1、肯定式be(amisare)+Ving(现在分词)如TheyarehavinganEnglishclass.他们在上英语课
2、否定式be(amisare)+not+Ving(现在分词)如TheyarenthavinganEnglishclass.他们不在上英语课
3、疑问式将be的具体形式(即amis或are)提前到句首如AretheyhavinganEnglishclass他们在上英语课吗?助动词变化口诀变疑问,往前提,句后问号莫丢弃;变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记
三、现在分词的变化规则
1、一般在词尾加-ing(一般-ing)例如goingplayingknowing
2、以不发音的字母e结尾,先去e再加-ing去哑e例如makingarrivingcoming
3、以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing重闭单辅先双写o例如runningstoppingpreferring
4、以-ie结尾先将-ie改成y再加-ing例如tyingdyinglying口诀现在进行ing以e结尾要去e除去几个特殊词,系住tie-tying死去die-dying要躺下lieTying直接ie变成y
四、现在进行时态的常见提示语
1、在汉语中,通常有“在,正在”等提示词如我在做作业Iamdoingmyhomework.
2、在英语中,最常见的提示词有nowlooklisten以及atthemoment此时此刻等如Looktheyareplayingfootball.瞧!他们在踢足球
五、运用现在进行时常见的几个错误
1、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错例1误Theyareswimingswim.正Theyareswimmingswim.2误Jennyisplaiingplayfootball.正Jennyisplayingplayfootball.解析A、动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:一般-ing;哑e先去e;重闭单辅先双写;-ie结尾y来替B、动词现在分词的变化规则要与名词变复数、动词变现单三等规则区分开来a.同与和talkwithafriend用(工具、手段)cutmeatwithaknife在身边(随身携带)DoyouhaveanymoneywithyouTakeanumbrellawithyou以带着Sheoftentalkswithsmile.always频率副词“总是be动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前Eg.Ourteacherisalwayskindtous.“一直;(将)永远;老是(用于进行时)”Eg.Iwillalwaysrememberyourwords.Sheisalwaysmovingthingsaround.Hehasalwaysbeenthetutor.alwaysusuallyoftenprobablyadv.“大概;很可能”;adj.“可能的,大概”Eg.I11probablybeadoctorinthefuture.Itisprobabletofinishthejobbeforedark.intheworld世界上allovertheworld=throughouttheworld全世界neveradv.是ever的否定形式,用于加强否定语气位于be动词或助动词后,行为动词前;语气比not强反义词alwaysnotadv.“没有,不”一一表示否定,用在助动词或情态动词后noadv.adj.“没有的;不许的;一点也没有;不”用于否定回
2、谓语部分的构成不完整丢掉be动词,或忘记把动词变成现在分词例:1误Look!Twochildrenflyingflyakiteinthepark.正Look!Twochildrenareflyingflyakiteinthepark.2误LiMingisntreadnotreadabookinbednow.正LiMingisntreadingnotreadabookinbednow.解析现在进行时的谓语部分的构成是“be+现在分词”,二者缺一不可,这一点必须要牢记
3、对动词或动词词组提问时,丢掉代动词doing例Thestudentsaresingingintheroom.对划线部分提问f误Whatarethestudentsintheroom一正Whatarethestudentsdoingintheroom解析现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What+be+主语+doing+其它?”或简写为“Whatdoing”句式
4、现在进行时态的谓语部分是并列结构时,容易忽视第二个以及第二个以后的动词用现在分词形式例孩子们在跑还是在跳?误Arethechildrenrunningorjump正Arethechildrenrunningorjumping解析or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致Unit5Unit5单词dropn.v.滴;落下,掉下[drop]journeyn.旅行,旅程「dsshi]quantityn.数量[kwmtati]experimentn.实验,试验[kspermant]freshadj.淡的,无盐的[frej]saltn.盐[solt_onprep.表示已连接、处于工作状态或使用中[unvoicen.嗓音,说话声[voe]reservoirn.水库addv增加,添加[aed]chemicaln.化学品[lkemk(a)1]throughprep.通过,穿过[ru:_pipen.管道[pap]valuableadj.宝贵的,很有用的[Wjusb
(9)1]bitn.有点,一点[bit]bankn.银行changen.找给的零钱,找头[tjends]returnv.归还[rit3h]vapourn.蒸汽,雾气formv.形成,构成[fohi]stirv.搅拌[st3]continuev.继续[k^ntnju.crystaln.结晶(体)[krBtal]turnoff关掉[tshnf]add...to把・・・加入..・abit有点,一点b±_partof...的一部分pocketmoney(父母给孩子的)零花钱(be)madeof由・・・组成dryup干涸Unit5必考短语和句型短语:turnoff关掉turnon打开abit一点pocketmoney零花钱bemadeupof有某物组成几分之几quarter1/4half1/2twothirds2/3threefifths3/5先分子,再分母,分子用基数,分母用序数,当分子为大于1的整数时,分母要变复数addAto/intoB把A加入Be.gTheycleanedmeandaddedsomechemicalstome.Mr.Liaddedsomesaltintothesoup.李先生向水中加了一些化学物质throughacrossover辨析through穿越某一空间e.gHewentthroughthecorridor.across穿过某一平面e.gHewalkedacrossthestreet.over越过某一障碍物e.gHeranoverthebusesandwentintoBainaohui.makesth.+adj.使某物变e.gPeoplewillmakemecleanagain.Mr.Limadethesecurityguardveryangry.leavesth.adj.使某物保持某种状态e.g.Ileftthetaponinthebathroom.Pleaseleavethedooropen.Mr.Lilefthiscomputeronforthewholenight.interesting/interestedv+ing令人xx的(东西)v+edxx的(人)e.g.Thefilmisveryinteresting.Mr.Liisveryinterested.拓展对某物感兴趣的beinterestedinsth.e.g.Mr.Liisveryinterestedinfilms.句型Itstimeforsb.todosth.某人该做某事了Itshightimeforsb.todosth.e.gThenitwastimeforpeopletocleanme.remembernottodosth.记住不要做某事remembertodosth.记得做某事e.gRemembernottolateagainforclass.Remembertopostaletterforme.Howmuch…isthere--*还有多少….(不可数)?Howmany….arethere…?还有多少….(可数)?Unit5必考语法用little/fewalittle/afewmany/much等谈论数量little系列little/alittle用于不可数名词前few系列few/afew用于可数名词前e.g.Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.Thereareafewbottlesinthebox.带a系列alittle/afew意为“一些“,虽然不多但仍然有一些不带a系列littlefew意为“几乎没有”,表示否定,Therearefewpeopleintheroom.Thereislittlewaterleftinthebottle.quiteafew意为很多Mr.LihasquiteafewKingstonflashdrives.manymuch不解释,再次提醒many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词Unit6Unit6单词electricityn.电[ilektrBti]conversationn.谈话[iknnvase^n]identifyv.确认rulen.规则[rul]anyonepron.任何人「enwAn]replyv.回答[riplai]foolishadj.愚蠢的[!fu liflwiren.电线[Wd]connectv.(使)连接[ksnekt]cablen.电缆[5kebl]momentn.瞬间,片刻[5moomant]batteryn.电也[bsetari]cookern.厨灶,炉具[koke]fridgen.冰箱[frri^]bulbn.灯泡[bAlb]lockn.(用锁)锁上[Ink]testv.测试[test]tidyv.使整洁使整齐ftarii]touchV.触摸,碰[tAt^apacketof一袋inaway在某种程度上(be)connectedto连接到powerstation发电站washingmachine洗衣机switchoff关(电灯、机器等)tidyup收拾妥,整理好airconditioner空调Unit6必考短语和句型短语moment可数名词,意为瞬间;片刻“如Idliketotalktoyouforamoment.与moment相关的短语amomentago刚刚;刚才如Hewashereamomentago.atthemoment现在;此刻如Heisathomeatthemoment.waitamoment等一会儿如Waitamomentplease.later副词,意为“后来;以后atthemoment此时此刻;forthemoment暂时;inamoment过一会儿;atanymoment任何时刻apacketof一袋不可数名词没有复数形式,在表示数量时,常用“a+单位量词+of+不可数名词”结构如apieceofmeat;apieceofpaper;aglassofapplejuice;数词+单位量词+of+不可数名词可数名词复数如twoglassesofwater;threecupsoftea;twopacketsofsweets;to/with---把…...和…...连接起来.如TurnonyourcomputerandconnectittotheInternet.TherailwaylineconnectsWuhantoShanghai.powerstation发电站washingmachine洗衣机switchoff=turnoff关掉tidyup收拾整理二putawayaircondition空调comeinto进入之内providesb.withsth.供应给某人某物如Thesunprovidesuswithlightandheat.“为某人提供某物”还可以用providesth.forsb.“asmany+复数名词+as”意为”和样多的…”如Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.我和你有一样多的书.asmuch+不可数名词+as”意为”和…一样多的…”如MybrotherdrinksasmuchmilkasIeveryday.sharesth.withsb.与某人合用/分享某物1“keep+sb./sth.+形容词”意为“让某人/某物保持某种状态”keepdoingsth.连续不断地做某事,一直做强调不断重复的动作如LiLeikeepsbuyingbooksaboutcars.李雷不断地买有关车的书keepsb./sth.doingsth.让某人不断地做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事如Wemustkeepthemfromgettingtoknowourplans.我们必须防止他们知道我们的计划atleast至少makesure务必,确信Unit6必考语法情态动词
一、情态动词的定义情态动词是一类用于表示说话人的语气和情态的助动词常表示命令、请求、拒绝、义务、可能、需要等
二、情态动词的特点.情态动词无人称和数的变化,.情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加〃not”.个别情态动词有过去式,过去式用来表达更客气委婉的语气,时态性不强可用于过去,现在
三、情态动词的用法can/could;cant/couldnt(否定)1)表示能力,意为“能、会”,例如如IcanspeakalittleEnglish.Icantswim.--Canyourideabike一一YesIcan./NoIcant.2)表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以、能”等如Youcangohomenow.--CanIborrowyourbike一一Yesyoucan./Noyoucant.3)用于否定句、疑问句中,表示猜测、怀疑或不肯定.如Lucycantbeathomenowshewenttotheparkjustnow.WherecanitbeIcantfindmyfootball.【注意】could是can的过去式,有两种用法,一种表示过去式;一种用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在beableto意为“有能力,能够做...”,相当于can/could但它有人称数和时态的变化may;maynot(否定)1)表示“请求,许可”,此时与can同义,可以互换使用如MayIborrowyourbikeCanIborrowyourbikeYesyoumay./Noyoumaynot.Yesyoucan./Noyoucant.may/might表示不太肯定的猜测,意为“有可能”如Lucymaycometoschoollatetoday.Itmightraintoday.【注意】might是may的过去式,有两种用法,一种表示过去式,一种表示更加委婉,客气的语气或对可能性的怀疑must;nothing不定代词“没有动词;没有事情”Eg.Weneveruseit.Idontknow.Itsnousedoingit.Ihavenothingforyou.aswell副词短语,位于句尾,有时与连词and或but搭配使用“也,又,还有,同样的同义词alsotooEg.HespeaksEnglishandSpanishaswell=HespeaksEnglishandhespeaksSpanishtoo.=HespeaksEnglishandhealsospeaksSpanish.Heisaworkerandapoetaswell.tooadv.——一般位于句尾或插入语放在句中,只用于肯定句,口语中与also通用alsoadv.用在句中,一般放在be动词或助动词之后,行为动词之.」乙刖aswellas用作介词“还有,不但……而且……”在AaswellasB的结构中,语意重点在A不在BEg.Hethinkstheotherwayisbetter.Idotoo.HealsolikesEnglish.=HelikesEnglishtoo.HecanspeakSpanishaswellasEnglish.takecareof=lookafter照顾,照看misssb.verymuch非常想念某人miss用作动词时,还有“漏掉,错过(机会);丢掉”tomakemelaugh来使我笑mustnt(否定)must(“必须”表示命令),mustnt(一定不能”,表示强烈禁止...)如Youmustgotobedbefore22:OOp.m.Youmustntplaywithfire.Itsdangerous!--MustIwritedownthesentences--Noyouneednt.(--Noyoudonthaveto)注意在回答must的疑问句中,否定回答用neednt或donthaveto表示“不必”,不用mustntmust还可以表示非常肯定的猜测,意为“一定”如ThegirlinaredskirtmustbeLucy.must/haveto的区别
①.must表示必须,强调主观上的愿望;haveto表示“不得不”,强调客观需要如Youmustgobebedbefore22:OOp.m.MybikeisbrokensoIhavetogotoschoolonfoot.
②.haveto有人称、数、时态的变化;must则没有如Ihavetocleantheclassroomtoday.Shehastofinishherhomeworkfirst.Itwaslatehehadtogotoschoolwithoutbreakfast.Unit7Unit7单词poemn.诗歌[paom]ordinaryadj.普通的,平凡的「oidnri]feelingn.感觉,情感ordern.命令[oXe]advicen.建议[advas.aloudadv.大声地,高声地[elaod]groupn.组,群[gru p]agreev.同意\_qgri]disagreev.不同意[dBagri:]rhymen.押韵词[ram]completeadj完整的整个[kampli:t]welln.井,水井[wel]showern.淋浴[应向siten.建筑工地[salt]narrowadj.狭窄的[nserao]heightn.高度[hat]supermann.超人[Lu paman]sellern.卖方,卖者[sela smilev.n•微笑[small]rushv迅速移动[faJ]crowdn.人群[kraod](not)atall一点也(不),完全(不)(be)worriedabout为・・・担忧newspaperstand报摊rushout冲出去[acrowdof一群Unit7必考短语和句型重点短语(not)atall一点也(不),完全(不)beworriedabout为担忧newspaperstand报摊rushout冲出去acrowdof一群withtiredface带着倦容hurrytowork匆忙去工作changeonesideaaboutsth改变对某事的看法givesbadvice给某人建议takesbsadvice接受某人建议findout找出查明highupinthecloud高入云层apieceofwood一块木头allthetime一直inclass在课堂上onawindyday在——个舌U风的——天inalowvoice用低沉的声音leavethedooropen让门开着onmyway在我的路上comeup接近,发生followtherules遵守规则cleanup打扫knockonthedoor敲门fromdawntodusk从黎明到黄昏,从早到晚keepoutcitygreen保持我们的城市绿色looklike看起来像thinkof.认为,想句型:Readtwopoemsaboutordinarypeople.读两首关于普通人的诗歌.ordinary普通的;平凡的outoftheordinary不平常;非凡Listentofourshortpoemsaboutfeelings.听关于情感的短诗.lfeel连系动词意为感到,感觉”Ifeelverytiredtoday.我今天感到非常累.feel及物动词意为”感觉触摸”.Ifeltthehouseshakeyesterday.昨天我感到非常累.1order这里用作名词,意为命令”也可以是动词命令”Thisisanorder.这是命令.Thepoliceorderedthemtowaitrightthere.警察命令他们就在那儿等候.order及物动词,意为订购,点菜”Iwanttoorderaticket.我想订一张票.advice不可数名词,意为劝告,建议”.apieceofadvice一条建议Theteacheroftengivesadvicetohisstudents.这个老师经常给他的学生提建议.Readapoemaloudinagroup.在小组里大声读诗.aloud副词,意为”出声地;高声地”.Pleasereadthetextaloud.请朗读一下课文.agreeto同意意见,to后多接表示计划、建议、安排、决定等的名词或代词Doyouagreetothatplan你同意那个计划吗?agreewith同意某人或某人所说的话,with后常接表示人的名词或代词Iagreewithyouinallyourviews.我赞成你的一切意见agreeon两人以上就…取得一致意见Weagreedonapriceforthecar.我们商定了这辆汽车的价格tellsb.sth.或tellsth.tosb.告诉某人某事tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事tell告诉,后跟双宾语,讲故事是tellastorysay强调“说”的内容speak说某种语言talk交谈;谈话;谈论talkto/withsb.与某人交谈;talkaboutsth.谈论某物Allpoemsusecompletesentences.所有的诗歌使用完整的句子complete形容词意为“完整的;整个的动词为“完成”Waterhasnotasteatall.水没有一点儿味道taste味道;滋味;尝起来notatall一点也不;完全不Itwasntdifficultatall.这一点儿也不难Tootiredtolaughorplay.太累了,不笑也不玩too…to…太而不能,可以改写为so…that…句式,so后面接形容词或副词,that后面接从句,且要用否定式Sheistooyoungtogotherealone.=Sheissoyoungthatshecantgotherealone.她太小了,不能独自去那儿Notworriedabouttheheight.不恐高beworriedabout为担忧Dontbeworriedaboutme.不要担心我height高度Whatistheheightofthatwall那堵墙有多高?high高的Howhighisthedoor门有多高Thisisahighmountain.这是座高山laugh表示出声地笑,有时指大笑laughat嘲笑Andhessmiling.他微笑着Shesmiledatme.她向我微笑Acrowdofpeople***一群人・・crowd作动词为“聚集;挤满becrowdedwith挤满while连词,意为“在……期间;当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句Theboyfellasleepwhiletheteacherwashavingthelesson.老师上课的时候,这个男孩睡着了Whiletheteacherwasspeakingthestudentswerelistening.老师讲课时,学生们在听atthesametime同时Awidestreetallowsmanypeopletowalkatthesametime.宽阔的彳骨道可容许多人同时行走Ifyouareafraidofheightsyoushouldnotworkonabuildingsite.如果你怕高,你不应该在建筑工地上工作beafraidtodosth.Thegirlisafraidtogotherebyherself.beafraidofsb./sth.Manychildrenareafraidofdogs.beafraidofdoingsth.Heisalwaysafraidofmakingmistakes.findout弄清楚,查明allthetime一直;始终Thebabycriesallthetimeattimes不时;偶尔ImakemistakesattimeswhenIspeakEnglish.angry生气的beangrywith生某人的气,后接表示人的名词或代词beangryat/about因某事而生气,后接表示事物的名词或代词,还可接从句Dontbeangrywithhim.Heisonlyachild.Iwasangryat/aboutwhathesaid.excited感到激动的,指人、物感到激动exciting令人激动的,指人、事、物本身让人兴奋、激动Andtheyalwaysfollowtherules.他们总是遵规守纪.follow动词,意为遵循;跟从;听从”Followthetrafficrules.遵循交通规则Weshouldfollowhisadvice.我们应该听从他的建议knockon意为“敲”,常用来表示“敲门、窗”等Whoisknockingonthedoor谁在敲门?cleanup清理,打扫Icleanupthingsthatpeopledrop.我把人们丢掉的东西打扫干净Unit7必考语法I祈使句Imperatives祈使句是用来表达、命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止的句子祈使句一般以动词原形开头,无时态和数的变化,句末用句点或者感叹号,读时用降调,在祈使句的句首或者句末加上please以使语气更加委婉客气祈使句有肯定和否定两种形式.肯定祈使句⑴动词原形+其他Openthedoorplease.请打开门⑵Lets+动词原形+其他LetsgototheparkthisSunday.这个星期天咱们去公园吧辨析lets与letuslet,s是包括讲话者的谈话对象在内Letstryitagain.让我们(一起)再试试吧letus不包括讲话者的谈话对象在内Letustryitagain.让我们(自己)再试试吧.否定祈使句Dont+动词原形+其他Dontplayfootballontheroad!不要在马路上踢足球!⑵Letsbnot+动词原形+其他Letsnotmakesomuchnoisehere.咱们不要在这大声吵闹⑶Never+动词原形+其他Neverbelateforschool.上学从来不要迟到
(4)有些祈使句可用no开头,用来表示禁止Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!.祈使句的回答因为祈使句通常表示将来要发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或者wonto一Dontforgettodoyourhomework.不要忘记做你的作业Iwont..我不会忘记的Unit8Unit8单词careern.事业planetn.彳亍星[plsenit]satel1iten.卫星Vssetalait]velvetn.丝绒,天鹅绒velvrt]diamondn.钻石[!dalamand]shootv.(朝某个方向)射,冲,飞驰[Jbt]hostv.主持[haost_knowledgen.知识[nnlid3]livelyadj.生动的[5laivli]lastv.持续actuallyadv.事实上[ktjsali]anybodypron.任彳可人[eniibndi]achievev.(凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准)sailv.驾驶帆船航行[sell]decidev.决定[disaid]trainv.训练,接受训练[trenaloneadv.独自[aJleon.inthefuture将来usedto曾经gooutside外出looklike看起来像・・・moreandmore越来越多growup长大graoAp]gosailing去进行帆船运动makefunof=laughat取笑,嘲弄
14.makeastudyof=studymakesb./sth.+形容词(作宾补)“使怎么样”Eg.Itmademehappy.Wearedoingourbesttomakeourcountrymorebeautifulmakesb.dosth.使某人做某事Eg.Hisjokesmadeusalllaugh.达bepooratEg.HeisgoodatJapanese.=HedoeswellinJapanese.Theyareverygoodatplayingfootball.=Theydoverywellinplayingfootball.remain作系动词后接名词或形容词“一直保持,仍然(处于某种状态)”befullof充满与befilledwithThebasketisfilledwithapples.=Thebasketisfullofapples.bestrictaboutsth对某事要求严格bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格bestrictinsth./doingsth.在(做)某事上要求严格Eg.Ourteacherisalwaysstrictwithus.Wcmustbestrictaboutthisproblem.Ourteacherisverystrictinherworksupport不可数名词“支持”Unit8必考短语和句型重点短语:usedtodosth.表示过去常常做某事情,而现在不做了,强调与现在的对比e.g.:IusedtosmokebutIgaveup2yearsago.否定usednotto/usedntdidntuseto辨析beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事Dontworryyouwillsoongetusedtothenoise.beusedtodosth.被用来做某事情Woodisusedtomakepaperinthepast.moreandmore越来越Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.find/lookfor/findout辨析lookfor和find找lookfor强调找的过程和动作Imlookingformypen.find强调结果Canyoufindthepolicestationonthemapfindout是指经过调查发现,查明真相Letsfindoutwhatwecandoforher.Unit8必考语法when引导的时间状语从句when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用.SorryIwasoutwhenyoucalledme.对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了Whenhewasachildhewasalwaystryingoutnewideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生Whenhehadfinishedhishomeworkhetookashortrest(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿WhenIgottotheairporttheguestshadleft.(gotto后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了Whenweweredancingastrangercamein.(同时发生)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指过去的事情)sb.hadhardlydonesth.when...Ihadhardlyenteredmyroomwhenthetelephonerang.Eg.Pleasegivemesomesupport.Iwanttogetsomesupportfrommyfriends.giveup动副短语“放弃”不可带宾语可跟名词或动名词作宾语Eg.Theproblemistoodifficult.Ishallgiveitup.Hehasgivenupsmoking.=Hehasstoppedsmoking.successfuladj.成功的”success一n.succeed一v.Eg.Hisoperationisverysuccessful.Heisasuccessfulbusinessman.Nothingsucceedslikesuccess.一事成功,事事顺利phonesb.=callsb.“打电话”askaboutsth.(sb.)“询问有关某事(或某人)的情况”askaftersb.“问候某人(的健康)”askforsth.“要求得到某物或要求与某人见面”asktodosth.要求或请求做某事”asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事”Eg.Theyallaskafteryou.Heaskedforsomewater.MrSmithisaskingforyou.Theyaskedmeforhelp.Heaskedherforheraddress.Heaskedtogowithus.Heaskedustowaitforhimatthegate.takenotes=makenotes”做笔记,做记录”note与take构成固定搭配必须用复数形式Unitl必考语法冠词冠词分为不定冠词(aan)定冠词(the)和零冠词I.不定冠词的用法.指——类人或事,相当于akindof;Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly..第一次提及某人某物,非特指;Aboyiswaitingforyou..表示“每一”相当于ever,one;Westudyeighthoursaday..表示“相同”相当于thesame;Wearenearlyofanage..用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事;AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwereout..用于固定词组中;acoupleofabitonceuponatimeinahurryhaveawalkmanyatime.用于quiterathermanyhalfwhatsuch之后;Thisroomisratherabigone..用于so(astoohow)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠词的用法.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前;theuniversethemoonthePacificOcean.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事;Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor.用于乐器前面;playtheviolinplaytheguitar.表示“一家人或“夫妇;theGreenstheWangs.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前;Heisthetallerofthetwochildren..上文提到的事物,再次提到;Ihaveapenthepenisverybeautiful..用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前;Hepattedmeontheshoulder..用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前;theUnitedStatestheCommunistPartyofChinatheFrenchIII.零冠词的用法.专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前;BeijingUniversityJackChinaloveair.名词前有thismywhosesomenoeachevery等限制;Iwantthisbooknotthatone./Whosepurseisthis.球类,棋类名词前;Helikesplayingfootball/chess..与by连用表示交通工具的名词前;bytrainbyairbylandUnit2Unit2单词Francen.法国[fra ns]Frenchadj.法国的[frentjflagn.旗帜Efl^g]winen.葡萄酒[wan]tickv.标记号,打上勾[tk]possibleadj.可能的[pnsGbl]Europen.欧洲[joarap]storen.(大型)百货商店[sto]vineyardn.葡萄园excellentadj.优秀的feksalant]southn.南方,南部[sao9_liev.位于,坐落于[laf]coastn.海岸,海滨[kaost]perfectadj.完美的[kwest^nea]preferv.更喜欢[prif3^]skiv.滑雪[ski:]towern.塔Jtass]finishv.完成[fnfliftn.电梯,升降机[lift]主语是人befamousfor因作品或特征而出名befamousas作为某种身份而出名主语是地点befamousfor因某种特点(产品、建筑、名胜)而出名befamousas以什么产地/地方而出名。