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高中英语选必一词汇用法知识点unitlvitaladj.必不可少的;极其重要的(crucial);充满生机的bevitalfor/tosth对极其重要beofvitalimportanceto...对至关重要Itisvitalthatsb(should)dosth某人做某事是极其重要的Itisvitaltodo...做很重要eg.Facedwithsuchavitalproblemoflifeanddeathhestillkeptcalmwhichmadeusallsurprised.(人物描写)面对着这样重大的生死问题,他仍保持冷静,这使我们都很吃惊commitvt.承诺;保证vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)•commitmistakes/acrime犯错误/犯罪commitoneselftosth/doingsth/dosth专心致志于;承诺;保证(做某事、遵循协议或安排等)commitsth(time/money)to(doing)sth投入时间/金钱(做)某事•committedadj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的becommittedto(doing)sth承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事•commitmentn.承诺,保证;花费;投入,忠于eg.Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)commitonehourtoreadingEnglishwhichwillgraduallyimproveyourspokenEnglish.(建议信)我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语,这将逐渐提高你的英语口语objectiven.目标;目的(aimpurpose)adj.客观的【联想】发表“观点态度”
①subjectiveadj.主观的
②neutraladj.中立的
③indifferentadj.漠不关心的©unconcernedadj.漠不关心的evaluatevt.评价;评估;估计•evaluatesbon...根据评价某人•evaluationn.估计,评价makeanevaluationof...对进彳亍讨以估eg.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.(建议信)J们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生propertyn.性质;特征;财产[联想]“财富,财产”相关名词小聚
①fortune
②treasure
③wealth©possessions©belongingsobtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行obtainknowledge获得知识obtainonesdegree获得学位obtainascholarship获得奖学金【同义】getacquiregainacknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)(recognize);(公开)感谢•acknowledge...tobe/as...承认是/为acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth承认做了某事•acknowledgedadj.公认的Itisacknowledgedthat.是大家公认的•acknowledgementn.承认;感谢eg.(全国卷II书面表达)Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatthefilmisnotonlyinstructivebutalsofullofpassion.(影评)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义,并且充满激情defeatn.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜•sufferadefeat遭受失败accept/acknowledgedefeat接受/承认失败•defeatanenemy打败敌人bedefeated被打败eg.Wehadntmadeafullpreparation;thatswhywesufferedadefeat.(学校生活)我们没有做充分的准备,这就是我们遭受失败的原因apparentlyadv.显而易见;看来;显然(obviously/evidently)•Asisapparentlyshowninthepicture/passageabove..•正如上面图画/文中所明显展示的那样……•apparentadj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的Itisapparent(tosb)that.・・(对某人来说)显然eg.Apparentlyhehasmadefullpreparationsfortheinterview.—Itisapparentthathehasmadefullpreparationsfortheinterview.显然,他为这次面试做了充分的准备insistvt.vi.坚持;坚决要求insist(坚决要求/主张)that...从句用虚拟语气;“insist(坚持说/认为)that...从句用陈述语气;“insiston/upon(doing)sth意为“坚持(做)某事”【联想】词根-sist的单词集锦
①consistvi.由组成
②assistv.协助
③resistv.抵抗
④persistvt.坚持conclusionn•结论;推论•cometo/reach/arriveat/drawaconclusion得出结论inconclusion总而言之jumptoconclusions匆忙下结论•concludevt.vi.结束;推断出;达成;缔结concludeconcludesth以结束eg.InconclusionIlikeeverythinginspringespeciallythefeelingsofbeingbathedintherainandsunshine.(季节描写)总之,我喜欢春天的一切,尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉fleevi.vt.迅速离开;逃跑【联想】ABB型不规则动词
①flee—fled—fled
②bend-bent-bent
③lend-lentflent
④meet-metfmet(Dunderstand-understood^understood
⑥thinkfthought-thoughtcircumstancen.[usuallypl.]条件;环境;状况under/innocircumstances绝不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装)ifcircumstancespermit/allow如果情况允许under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下eg.Furthermoreundernocircumstancesispunishmentawisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.另外,惩罚绝不是一种帮助他们在精神和身体方面健康成长的明智的选择novelistn.小说家【联想】词缀-ist表示“从事……的人”:
①art-artist艺术家
②sciencefscientist科学家
③journalfjournalist新闻工作者
④economy—economist经济学家
⑤piano-pianist专冈琴家
⑥physicsfphysicist物理学家consequencen.结果;后果•asaconsequence因此;结果asaconsequenceof由于的缘故•consequentadj.随之发生的;作为结果的consequentlyadv.因止匕;结果eg.Ididntkeepmypromise.Asaconsequencehedoesntkeepintouchwithmeanylonger.我没有遵守我的诺言结果,他不再和我联系了takeupaposition担任;任职takeup接受;开始从事;继续;占据(时间或空间)takeoff脱掉;起飞;成名;开始成功takein接受;收留;理解;明白;欺骗takeon雇用;呈现(新面貌等);承担takeover接管;接收eg.Hehasmadeuphismindtotakeupapositionasadoctorinthefuture.(人物介绍)他已下定决心将来当一名医生remarkableadj.非凡的;显著的beremarkablefor因引人注目remarkn.谈论;评论v.谈论;评论remarkon/upon・••谈论/评论remarkthat...谈到/说起makearemark/remarkson/upon...对发表评论/看法remarkablyadv.显著地;非常地eg.Theteachermadearemarkonmyessayaddingthatitwaswellwrittenwhichmademeproud.(演讲稿)老师评论我的文章写得很好,这让我很自豪sumvi.总结;概括n.金额;款项;总数;总和sumup总结;概括alargesumof一大笔;大量的【联想】“总而言之”的表达tosumupinconclusioninshortinbriefinawordallinallunit2persuadevt.劝说;说服(convince)•persuadesbtodosth/intodoingsth说服某人做某事persuadesbnottodosth/outofdoingsth说服某人不做某事persuadesbofsth/persuadesbthat...使某人相信•persuasionn.劝说;说服•persuasiveadj.有说服力的eg.(2020•新高考卷I读后续写)Imanagedtopersuadehimtoapproveofmyplantosellpopcornfromdoortodoor.我成功地说服他同意了我挨家挨户卖爆米花的计划switchvt.转换;交换vi.vt.(使)改变;转变n.开关;转换器;改变eg.(2020•浙江7月卷)InBellevuetheswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.在贝尔维尤,转向可调节式交通信号灯是积极尝试新方法价值的一课Thereisaswitchonthewallforturningonthelights.墙上有一个开电灯的开关Allmobilephonesmustbeswitchedoffduringlessons.(学校生活)上课期间必须关闭所有手机Hestartedstudyinghistorybutthenswitchedovertoarchitecture.他开始学习历史,但后来转向建筑instantn.瞬间;片刻adj立即的;速食的;速溶的•inaninstant=instantly立亥!J;马上foraninstant一瞬间•theinstant=instantly就【联想】表示“一……就……=引导时间状语从句的连词还有immediatelyassoonasdirectlythemomenttheminutehardly...when...nosooner...than...commandn.指令;命令;控制;(尤指对语言的)掌握;运用能力vt.命令;控制•atonescommand受某人支配takecommandof控制haveagoodcommandof掌握;精通underthecommandof在的指挥下•commandsbtodosth命令某人做某事commandthat...(should)dosth命令做某事eg.IamwritingtoapplytobeyourteachingassistantbecausenotonlydoIhaveagoodcommandofEnglishbutalsoIamgoodatcommunicatingwithothers.(申请信)我写信申请成为您的助教,因为我不仅精通英语,而且善于和其他人交流obeyvi.vt.服从;遵守•obeythetrafficrules遵守交通规则•disobeyvt.vi.不服从;违抗【联想】dis-否定前缀高频词集锦
①agreefdisagreevi.不同意
②likefdislikevt.不喜欢
③appear-disappearvi.消失
④trust—distrustvt.不信任warningn.警告;警示;先兆•withoutwarning不预先通知;突然地•wamv.提醒注意;劝告;警告;告诫warnsb(not)todosth警告某人(不要)做某事warnsbagainstdoingsth警告某人不要做某事eg.Theteacherwarnedusnottocarrymobilephonesintotheexaminationroom.fTheteacherwarnedusagainstcarryingmobilephonesintotheexaminationroom.(学校生活)老师警告我们不要把手机带进考场potentialadj.可能的;潜在的n.潜力;可能性•thepotentialfor(doing)sth(做)某事的可能性/潜力havethepotentialtodosth有潜力做某事achieve/realizeonespotential发挥某人的潜能•potentiallyadv.可能地,潜在地eg.AsateacherItrymybesttoencouragemystudentstorealizetheirfullpotential.(演讲稿)作为一名老师,我努力鼓励学生发挥他们的最大潜力relevantadj.有关的;有意义的•berelevantto..•和有关relevantexperience相关工作经验•relevantlyadv.有关地;切题地【联想】“与……相关/有关”的表达小结
①berelatedto
②belinkedto
③havesthtodowith
④beconnectedwitheg.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasitsinterestingandinformative.只要它是有趣的且信息丰富,你可以写任何相关的东西catchfire着火•makeafire生火light/startafire点火putoutthefire扑灭火setfiretosth=setsthonfire纵火烧•beonfire着火(表状态)eg.Whenhearrivedhefoundthehousewasstillonfire.他到的时候,发现那幢房子还在燃烧neverthelessadv.尽管如此;不过;然而【联想】由“然而,但是想到的
①butconj.但是
②howeveradv.然而,可是
③yetconj.但是,还
④thoughadv.不过,然而combinevt.vi.(使)结合;混合•combinewith...与结合combine...with/and...把与结合起来•combinationn.结合;联合;化合(物)incombinationwith...与联合起来[联想]有“分”也有“合”
①associate联合
②unite联合
③separate使分离
④divide分开opposevt.反对;抵制;阻挠•opposesth/doingsth反对(做)某事•opposedadj.反对的;对立的beopposedto(doing)sth反对(做)某事【同义】©disagreewith
②beagainst
③objectto
④holdnegativeattitudestowardseg.WithallofmyfriendsopposedtomyplanIcouldntresistsobbingsadly.(悲伤心理描写)我所有的朋友都反对我的计划,我忍不住伤心地哭了absencen.不存在;缺乏;缺席•inonesabsence某人不在时intheabsenceof不在;缺少•absentadj.缺席的;心不在焉的beabsentfrom不参加;缺席eg.Myteachersandclassmateshelpedmewiththelessonsaftermylongabsencefromschool.(感谢信)很长时间没有上学后,我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课【反义】presenceadvocatevt.提倡;支持;拥护n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者•advocatedoingsth提倡做某事advocatethat/Itisadvocatedthat...(should)dosth提倡(应该)做某事•anadvocateof.的提倡者eg.Itisadvocatedthatschools(should)organizemoreactivitiesforstudentsandleavestudentsmoretimeforactivitiesbygivingthemlesshomework.(学校生活)有人主张学校应为学生组织更多的活动,通过减少学生的家庭作业,让学生有更多的时间参加活动keepintouch(with)(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)(表示动作)•stay/beintouchwith与保持联系(状态)•losetouchwith与失去联系(动作)beoutoftouchwith与失去联系(状态)•getintouchwith与取得联系(动作)eg.Keepingintouchwithourfriendsisanimportantpartoffriendship.(人际关系)和朋友保持联系是友谊的重要组成部分resistvi.vt.抵制;反抗;抵挡•resistsb/sth抵抗/抵制某人/某物resistdoingsth反对做某事cantresistdoingsth忍不住做某事•resistancen.抵制;反对;抵抗resistancetosth反对某事•resistantadj抵抗的;有抵抗力的beresistantto对有抵抗力;抵制eg.AsthecoatwasabargainatsuchalowpriceIcouldntresistthetemptationtobuyit.(心理活动)因为这件外套售价实在便宜,我抵不住诱惑买了下来。