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第二讲补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五清迷点扫盲点-提升审题能力句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力本讲从空格位置及所承担的语意关系方面讲解做题技法，使考生做题时灵活运用解题技法，游刃有余地解答阅读七选五技法1段首主题句/段落小标题经典感悟•【典例1】［2022•新高考I［卷节选］Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.Howevertheprocesscanbemadeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.36Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessayputyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.yourpenfollowthwavesofthought.Dontworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewontworkforeveryoneithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.Firstofalllearnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.Manybeginningwritersdon，tleaveenoughspacetorevise.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraftagainsettingyourtextontriple-space.解析本题考查段落主题句分析文章结构可知，空格处是本段的主题句由空后的“Whenyouarefirst...leavethepaper.n可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写自主解答【典例2］［2020•新高考I［卷］•39Yourmedicalhistoryisalistofyourillnessestreatmentswhatthedoctorstoldyoutodoandanythingelseyouthinkyourdoctorshouldknow.Alsoifyouareallergic（过敏）toanymedicinesbesuretomentionthattoyourdoctor.Thiswillmakegettinganswerseasier.Herearesometipsfortalkingwithyourdoctor.Youcantalktoanotherdoctorifthetreatmentsdontwork.Beforeyourdoctor1svisitkeepnotesonhowyouarefeeling.Rememberyourdoctorandothercaregiversareonyourside.Bringyourmedicalhistoryincludinga1istofyourcurrentmedicines.G.Writingdownwhatthedoctorsayswillhelpyourememberimportantinformation.解析该段主要涉及对病历的介绍，故F项“Bringyourmedicalhistoryincludingalistofyourcurrentmedicines.（带上你的病历，包括你目前的药物清单）”适合作本段的小标题自主解答答题微点设空特点.若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，因此，考生做题时观察其他段落标题的句式结构，根据结构相同的原则，缩小范围，选择短小精悍、多为名词词组、动词-ing形式短语或祈使句作为小标题.设空在段首，如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择图解技巧段首设空题［听课记录］技法2段中设空题经典感悟•【典例3】［2022•新高考II卷］Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.38Yetbylearningtolivewithimperfectionyouwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled（弄皱）paper.Thinkofyourfirstdraftasapathcutoutofthejungle-aspartofanexplorationnotasacompletehighway.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.Firstofalllearnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.Manybeginningwritersdontleaveenoughspacetorevise.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft»againsettingyourtextontriple-space.解析此处考查过渡句由空格后转折词Yet可知，空格处应该表示转折关系，E选项中的“gettheirdraftsw和上文的“writeyourdraftv相呼应，说明了有很多人想第一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境自主解答答题微点设空特点段中设空即主题句的展开句尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接手段其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明解此类试题时首先应确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句，对于这两类句子，我们将采用不同的方法来解题图解技巧段中设空题（阅读各个选项，标记关键词〕（比较匹配关键词［确定答案］（利用词语复现确定答案）［利用表并列、转折、让步和因果1关系的过渡衔密而确定选项，阅读空格前后内容，挖掘内在逻「辑关系阅读各个选项，标记表转折、并列、让步或因果关系的过渡衔接词.注意词语复现同源、同义、近义或反义词复现，不同时态形式的动词等技法3段尾设空题经典感悟・[2022浙江卷1月]1havethesame24hoursinadayasyoudobutIhavemadespecificchoicesthatallowmetomakethemostofeverydayandstillfeelhappyandrelaxed.31•Pickthemostimportant.
32.Makechoicesgboutwhatismeaningfulinyourlife.Focusonspendingtimethatforyouisfunandproductive.Ichosethe1ifeofanadviserbecauseIliketoworkwithcompaniesbutdontwantthe1ifeofabigcompanyCEO.MychoicesarebasedonthelifestyleIwant.Speedup.Beanactivelearner.Stoptryingtobalancetimebetweenthemall.Makechoicesaboutwhatismeaningfulinyourlife.Thethingsyoudowellusuallygiveyougreaterjoy.Perhapsthesetipswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtime.Thisiswhymakinglistsisimportcintinanyproductivityhandbook.解析此处考查段尾总结句空前提到作者能够充分利用时间，并且依然会感到开心和放松；下文各段是作者就如何高效利用时间给出的几点建议由此可知，F项“也许这些建议将帮助你充分利用时间”承上启下，符合语境自主解答答题微点设空特点.首段末尾处.过渡句在段尾的句子，有时承上启下，应注意瞻前顾后，段尾句有时是为了引出下一段的内容.细节句段尾句作为细节句时，常是对空前内容的补充，或者与空前内容是并列、递进、转折或因果关系图解技巧段尾设空题忌结句前顾后”找启示里［阅读设空前一句；结合下一段开E一氏留意衔接词和关键注意所选答案是否衔接上下段内容［听课记录］练重点练难点-创新应用体验Test1[2022•广西高.三第一次适应性测试]SomepeoplelovethetraditionofsettingagoaloneachJan.1st.ButthereisactuallyalogictojoiningtheNewYearsresolutiontrend.Ifyouwanttoincreaseyourchancesofstickingtoyour2022NewYearsresolutionbehavioralscientistshavediscoveredafewtechniquesthatcanhelp.Makeitmeasurable.Anunclearill-definedtargetsuchas“getfitterwisareasonforafailedresolution.Toincreaseyourchancesofsuccessaskyourselfwhatyouconsider“fitter”andhowyoucanachievethis.Abettersolutionmightbe”run5kminXminutes”.2Specificgoalsallowyoutotrackprogresswhichinturncanmotivateyou.Makeitfun.Ifyougetpleasurefromyourworkoutsorstudysessionsresearchhasfoundyou11carryonlonger.3Forexampleonlylettingyourselfdrinkamochalatteduringstudysessionssothereisanattractiontogetyoutothelibrary.•4Ensuringyou11facesomepunishmentifyoudontachieveyourNewYearsresolutioncanworkwonders.Oneeasywaytodothisisbytellingafewpeopleaboutyourgoalsoyou11feelashamediftheycheckbacklaterandfindyouhaventfollowedthrough.Getalittlehelpfromyourfriends.Spendingtimearoundhighachieverscanpromoteyourownperformance.Ifyourresolutionistorunamarathonyoudbewisetostarthangingaroundwithfriendswhovemadeittothefinishinglineandcanshowyouhowitsdone.$Becauseyou#11tendtolearntheirpatternsofbehavior.Considerapunishment.Figureoutyourresolutionlist.You*reextramotivatedtosetyourgoals.You*11pickupabitjustbyspendingtimetogether.Youcouldevenadddeadlinesforreachingcertainimportantstages.Othersargueitsawasteoftimesincemostresolutionsfailbymid-March.Onewaytomakegoingforagoalmorefunistocombineitwithapleasure.Test2[2022福州高三毕业班诊断性联考]Nomatterwhatyourgoalsareinlifethereisonegreatlawthatyouneedtoobeyinordertobesuccessful:Nooneelseisgoingtoprovidetheladder（梯子）ofsuccessforyou.[Fromthedayyouleaveyourparentshouseyouareresponsibleforyourlifeandthechoicesyoumake.Ifyouwantabetterlifeyouneedtomakebetterdecisions.2Howeveritdoesn*tchangeanything.Onlyyoucanchangeyourlifebychangingthechoicesyoumake.Takeresponsibilityforeverythinginyourlife.Evenifitsnotinyourdirectcontrolyoucanalwayschoosehowyourespond.3Ifyouchoosewhatisfunandeasyoverwhatisnecessaryyouwillneverreachthelevelsofsuccessandhappinessyouarecapableofachievinginyourlife.Thalsbecauseeverygreatvictoryrequiresgreatsacrifice.Ifsuccesswereeasyeverybodywou1dbesuccessful.Thereisnothingthatyoucantachievewithhardwork.Peopleoftenthinkthattheirliveswillsuddenlychangethroughsomemagicaleventinthefuture.4Yourlifechangesonlytotheextentthatyouchange.Nothingwilleverchangeifyoudontchangewhatyoudodaily.Agreatwaytoactivelycreateyourfutureistoaskyourself:IfIalreadyachievedmygoalshowwouldIactonadailybasisWhatbookswou1dIreadhowoftenwou1dIworkoutandhowwouId【spendmytimeattheoffice5A.Butthatisnotthecase.Nooneelseisresponsibleforyourlife.Nowthesequestionsseemlikemagictoyou.Nothingelsecanbethedriveforyoursuccess.Onceyouanswerthesequestionsyouknowwhattodo.Thebiggestenemytosuccessistakingthepathofleastresistance.Youcanblameotherpeopleforyourlackofhappinessalllifelong.［答题区］第二讲补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五清迷点扫盲点提升审题能力技法1答案技法2答案E技法3答案F练重点练难点创新应用体验Test1语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自我一一工作与学习一一新年计划【语篇解读】本文介绍了关于制订新年计划的几条建议，包括制订明确的目标、制订有趣的目标、仔细考虑无法实现目标的惩戒措施等.答案与解析F根据下句Butthereisactually...resolutiontrend”可知，制订新年计划是有理可循的由But可知，空处与此相反，一些人会认为制订新年计划是浪费时间”...areasonforafailedresolution也是提示故选F项.答案与解析E根据上句Abettersolutionmightbe*run5kminXminutes*w可知，更好的解决方案可能是“X分钟内跑5公里”该段倡导制订明确的目标，空处与此对应，说明制订明确目标的具体措施E项意为“你甚至可以为到达某些重要的阶段增加最后期限”，符合语境.答案与解析G根据小标题“Makeitfun可知，该段主要建议比目标“有趣”；G项中的“fun”与此对应，说明让目标有趣的一种方式将目标与乐趣结合起来故选G项.答案与解析A根据空处位置可知，空处为段落小标题结合该段内容，尤其是首句“Ensuringyou
11...canworkwonders”可知，该段主要建议实现不了目标时给自己一些惩罚，A项中的“punishment”与此对应.答案与解析D根据上句可知，如果你的计划是跑一场马拉松，你和跑到过终点线可以告诉你怎么做的朋友们在一起很明智根据下文可知，因为你会学到他们的行为模式据此可知，空处建议花时间和朋友们在一起Test2语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自我一一做人与做事一一成功法则【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了成功需要遵守的法则和过上更好生活的一些注意事项.答案与解析B根据本段第一句可知，本段讲到了成功需要遵守的法则，再结合空前的“Nooneelse...”可知，B项与前一句句式结构一致，意义连贯，符合语境，且B项中的responsible也与下句中的responsible呼应.答案与解析:G根据空后的Howeveritdoesntchangeanything”可以推断此处讲到的内容应该是对改变不会产生影响的事情，故G项“你可以•生都将你的不快乐归咎于他人”符合语境.答案与解析F此处是本段的主旨句，根据空后内容可知，成功的道路从不简单，选择有趣和简单的道路而不是必需的道路不会通向你原可以获得的成功和幸福，故F项“成功的最大敌人是选择阻力最小的道路”能够概括本段.答案与解析A空前一句讲到了“人们常常认为他们的生活会因为未来的某个神奇事件而突然改变”，而空后一句讲到了“你的生活只会随着你的改变而改变”，前后句意相反，因此，空处应表示转折，故A项符合语境.答案与解析E空前是两个问句，因此，空处应该会总结以上问题，E项中的“thesequestions”指代前面的两个问题，且句意与上文连贯，故选E项。
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