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第7节非谓语动词非谓语动词是语法填空的核心考点，一般不少于2题，旨在考查考生对不同的非谓语形式的用途能否准确把握和运用一般从以下四个角度过去分词、现在分词、不定式和动名词非谓语形式在句中不能作句子的谓语成分，但可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语或宾补题诊断【单句语法填空】Youdonthavetorunfastorforlong1seethemaydrinksmokebeoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof2dieearlybyrunning.2018•全国I⑴答案tosee解析根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”，tosee作目的状语2答案dying解析介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式dyingoChinasapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeeditscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide“saysthebanksJuergenVoegele.2018•全国II答案feeding解析China与feed是主动关系，所以用“连词+现在分词”形式作状语故填feedingAnotherreasonforcomsrise Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofriceimprovewaterquality.2018•全国II答案toimprove解析根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语Iquicklylowermyselfduckingmyheadtoavoidlookdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeelchallenged18•全国HI答案looking解析avoid后接动名词作宾语avoiddoingsth.避免做某事SixteenyearsearlierPahlssonhadremovedthediamondringcookameal.2017•浙江答案tocook解析此处用不定式表示“目的”，指摘掉戒指的目的是为了做饭，故填tocookPahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweepintoapileof解析句子的谓语是“wenthome”，故feel的动作是伴随动作，且与主语Katia之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语.Thelittlebirdwasluckythatitmissedcaught.答案caught前加being解析miss后跟a-ing作宾语，it与catch之间是被动关系故在caught前加beingo.Itssaidthatmuchoftheenergyproducingintheworldtodayiswasted.（2018・吉林实验中学三模）答案producingfproduced解析句意为据说当今世界（人们）制造的能源有很多都被浪费掉了应该用produce的过去分词修饰energy作定语，表示被动和已完成的动作.Totheworldheisanuabnormalcreaturevbelongstoaminoritythatincludesthosewhocantseetalkorhear.答案belongsfbelonging解析abnormalcreature和belongto之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语.ThatdayIhadmycartrappinginthemudfortwohoursbeforetherescueworkersarrived.答案trapping^trapped解析此处为“have”结构，mycar与trap之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补
16.Ifcaughtsleepinclassyouwillhavetocleantheclassroomforaweekasapunishment.答案sleepssleeping解析这里If引导的状语从句使用了省略结构，完整的表达是Ifyouarecaughtsleepinginclasscatch只能接现在分词而不能接动词原形作宾补.Sincethedirectorwantsussettlethematterassoonaspossiblewenowhavetoworkitout.答案settle前加to解析这里用wantdosth.表示“想让某人做某事“，want接带to的不定式作宾补.Mytaskisgettherestofustofinishtheremainingpartoftheproject.答案get前加to解析这里使用了系表结构来阐述某人的任务是什么，此时用不定式作表语.Beforeheardhisanswershestartedtoreadhimalmosteverysinglegreetingcardoutlouduntiltheelderlymansmiled.答案heardfhearing解析before为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，故用hear的动名词形式hearing.HisspokenEnglishissoexcellentthathehasnodifficultycommunicatewithyouinEnglish.答案communicatefcommunicating解析havedifficulty/trouble/problem（in）doingsth.为固定结构，意为“做某事有困难”in.语法填空——非谓语动词专练Letchildrenlearn
21.judgetheirownchild
22.learntotalkdoesnotlearnby
23.correctallthetime；if
24.correcttoomuchhewillstop
25.talk.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenhislanguageandothersbybithemakestherightchanges
26.makehislanguagelikeotherpeoplethesamewaychildrenlearntodoalltheotherlearntotalkrunclimbrideabicycleby
27.comparetheirownbehaviorswiththoseofmore
28.skillpeopleandslowlymakethe
29.needinschoolteachersnevergiveachildachance
30.findouthismistakesforhimselfevenfewerchancesforhim
31.coriectdoitallforactasifthestudentwouldfail
32.noticeamistakeiftheydidnotpointitouttoactasifthestudentwouldnevercorrectitunlesshewasmadehebecomesdependentonthethestudentdoithimworkoutwiththehelpofotherchildrenifhewants
33.knowwhatthiswordmeansandwhattheansweristothatproblem.语篇解读本文讲了老师应该让学生自己改正错误而不是帮他们改正.答案tojudge解析固定搭配learntodosth.o.答案learning解析动词-ing形式作后置定语，故填learning.答案beingcorrected解析bydoing表方式，此处表示“被改正错误”，故要用被动形式.答案corrected解析correct与主句主语he为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语.答案talking解析stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事.答案tomake解析不定式表目的.答案comparing解析bydoing表方式.答案skilled解析过去分词作定语，意为“熟练的”.答案needed解析过去分词作定语，表示“必要的”.答案tofind解析固定搭配givechancetodosth.o.答案tocorrect解析固定搭配chancesfordosth.o.答案tonotice解析failtodo没能做到.答案toknow解析wanttodosth.想要做某事W.短文改错（2018•山东潍坊一模）Asweallknowithealthisveryimportanttousaresometipsonhowtogrowuphealthily.Somestudentsatschoolweretooaddictedtophonesandcomputerswhichdoesharmtotheiryouarestrongadvisedtoridyouofadditionsparingsometimetobuildupyourbodyonaregularbasistomakeyouenergeticandalbattachgreatimportanceonmakingfriendsandcommunicatingwithactivepartinvariousvoluntaryactivitiescanalsobeofgreatbeneficial.Ihopethatthesuggestionabovewillmakeadifference.牧案Asweallhealthisveryimportanttousaresometipsonhowtogrowuphealthily.wereSomestudentsatschool-;-tooaddictedtophonesandcomputerswhichdoesharmtoare专题强化练
（九）I.语法填空[11Morethan2000yearsagothebraveandhardworkingpeopleofEurasiaexploredandopenedupseveralroutesoftradeand
1.cultureexchangesthatlinkedthemajorcivilizationsofAsiaEuropeandAfricacollectively
2.calltheSilkRoadbylaterthousandsofyearstheSilkRoadspirit—upeaceandcooperationopennessandinclusiveness包容性，mutual相互的learningandmutualbenefit“一
3.passfromgenerationtothe21stcenturyanewperiodmarkedby
4.themeofpeacedevelopmentcooperationandmutualismoreimportant
5.ustocarryontheSilkRoadSpiritinfaceoftheweak
6.recoveroftheglobaleconomyandcomplexinternationalsituations.WhenChinesePresidentXiJinping
7.visitCentralAsiainSeptember2013heraisedtheideaof
8.buildtheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-CenturyMaritimeSilkRoad
9.hasattractedcloseattentionfromallovertheBeltandRoadInitiativeisasystematicprojectwhosegoalis
10.meettheinterestsofallandeffortsshouldbemadetocombinethedevelopmentstrategiesofthecountriesalongtheBeltandRoad.语篇解读2000多年前，勤劳勇敢的欧亚人开辟了丝绸之路21世纪，在复杂的国际环境和疲软的经济复苏背景下，更需要“丝绸之路精神”正是鉴于此，习主席于2013年提出了建设丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的理念.答案cultural解析考查形容词修饰名词exchanges作定语，用形容词形式，故填cultural.答案called解析考查非谓语动词修饰名词routes作定语，表被动，用过去分词，意为“被后人称为丝绸之路的道路”.答案hasbeenpassed解析考查时态和语态根据时间状语Forthousandsofyears可知，用现在完成时，又因“theSilkRoadspirit（丝绸之路精神）”是世世代代被传下来的，所以用现在完成时的被动语态.答案the解析考查冠词空后的名词有of短语修饰，表示特指用不定冠词the.答案for解析考查介词Itis-}-adj.fordosth.为固定句型句意为对于我们来说，面对疲软的全球经济复苏和复杂的国际形势，传承丝路精神就更加重要.答案recovery解析考查名词其前有冠词the和形容词修饰，应用名词形式.答案visited解析考查时态根据时间状语inSeptember2013可知，用一般过去时.答案building解析考查非谓语动词在介词of后作宾语，构成介宾结构，用动名词形式.答案which解析考查定语从句关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，指代先行词theideaof….答案tomeet解析考查非谓语动词tomeet在从句中作表语，不定式表将来ThefirstEdinburghInternationalFestival
11.hold71yearsfirstbigsuccesscameinthefollowingyear
12.anadaptationofTheThreeEstaiteswasthenontheFestivalhas
13.gradualgrowntobecomeoneofthemostpopularartsfestivalsinthethefoundersoftheFestivalbelievedtheFestivalprogramshaveenrichedthe
14.culturelifeofBritainandevenEurope.TheFestivalfocusesonthefieldsofmusicartdanceandtheatre.
15.bringtogetherthebestartistsfromaroundtheworldtheFestivalhasearned
16.goodreputationwhichhasdonemuchtodrawthevisitorsattentiontothevariousshowsthattakeplacealloverthecity.Eachyearduringthesummer
17.monthEdinburghbecomestheworldsFestivalisthehugerangeofartisticeventsperformancesandexhibitionsthat
18.makeEdinburghmakesyoufeelthatthereisalwayssomethingelsehappeningaroundthecornerwhichyouaremissingand
19.anygivennightoftheFestivalyoucanchoose
20.watchTheGirlontheSofaaplaybyJonFosseandtheoperaParsifalamongmanyotheroptions.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了爱丁堡国际艺术节的一些信息以及人们每年庆祝它时的盛况.答案washeld解析考查时态和语态根据表示过去的时间状语71yearsago可知，本句用一般过去时，又因为主语与动词hold是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态.答案when解析考查定语从句分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词thefollowingyear且空处在从句中作时间状语，故用when.答案gradually解析考查副词因为空后是动词grown故空处应用副词gradually来修饰动词.答案cultural解析考查形容词由于空前是冠词the空后是名词life故这里用形容词修饰后面的life表示“文化生活”.答案Bringing解析考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作方式状语，又因为动词bring与其逻辑主语theFestival是主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式注意空处位于句首，首字母要大写.答案a解析考查冠词earnagoodreputation赢得好声誉，是固定搭配，故填a.答案months解析考查名词复数根据常识可知，夏季一般有三个月，故此处要用名词month的复数形式.答案makes解析考查时态和主谓一致此处描述现在的客观情况，故用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，空处所在的句子是强调句，被强调部分是句子的主语，空处是谓语动词，要与主语thehugerangeof...exhibitions在数上保持一致，即用单数形式.答案on解析考查介词根据语境可知，此处指的是“在艺术节的任何一个晚上”，故用on表示具体的某一晚上.答案towatch解析考查非谓语动词choosetodosth.表示“选择做某事”，是固定用法n.短文改错[11ThefirsthamburgersweremadeandsoldinAmericaininventorwasanAmericanchefcallingLouisnamedthemhamburgersbecausehewasgiventheflourbysailorsfromHamburginGermanybuthamburgersbecameafavoritemealinAmericainanearly20thboughtinlargequantitiesbyteenagerswhopreferredfastfoodthanfamily1940twobrothersDickandMacMcDonaldwhostartedadrive-inhamburgerthenover25000McDonaldJsrestaurantshadbeenopenedsabsoluteamazingthat35millionMcDonaldshamburgersareeateneverydayin115countryfromIndiatotheArcticCircle.套案callingchefcaejLouisnamedthemhamburgersbecausehewasgiventheflourbysailorsfromTTbuttii・▲・・aniHamburginGermanyhamburgersbecameafavoritemealinAmericain而early20th、、、、ithanwereboughtinlargequantitiesbyteenagerswhoprererredfastroodbrothersDickandMacMcDonaldwhostartedadrive-inhamburgerMcDonaldshamburgersareeateneverydayin115C0U1^tr^frOmIndiatotheArcticCircle.dJJcountries【2】（2018•河北石家庄二中一模）RecentlywehadaclassmeetingonthetopicofMyChinesementionedtheinspiredChineseDreamwasputforwardbyPresidentotherstalkedenthusiasticallyabouthisunderstandingoftheChineseallbelievethatthisdreamwillcometrueinthealsotalkedaboutmyownhadalwayswantedtobeaonlycandoctorssavepeopleslifebutalsotheyaredoingarespectablealsohelppeopletoliveabetterlifewithouttheirprofessionalrealizemydreamIcantrytoworkhardfromnowmustlearnasmuchasIcangetintoagoodmedicalcollegewhereIcanpreparemyselfadequateforthejobofadoctor.Ibelievehardworkisthatittakestoaccomplishmygoal.答案inspiredRecentlywehadaclassmeetingonthetopicofMyChinesementionedtheinspiringChineseDreamwhiC/that或wasPutforwardbyPresidentotherstalkedenthusiasticallyabouthis由由「understandingoftheChineseallbelievethatthisdreamwillcometrueinthealsotalkedhadaboutmyown卜.丫.alwayswantedtobeaonlycandoctorssavepeoplesbutalsothey.一।।.without
1..aredoingarespectablecanalsohelppeopletoliveabetterlife讨汕theirprofessionaladequategoodmedicalcollegewhereIcanpreparemyselfadequately，°r由job°fadoctor.Ibelievehardworkis亚takestoaccomplishmygoal.in.阅读理解（2018・云南保山统测）Itsasadnesssharedbymanybusinessstart-ups whydidmycompanyfailwhilesomanyothersseemtobeprofitingfromthe“goldenageofentrepreneurship（仓ll业精神）”？SomepeoplearguethatopportunitiesandgoodfortunearethesecretstoInnovationWorksCEOKaifuLeebelievesthatentrepreneursneedtohavecertainqualitiestohelpthemfacethedifficultiesofstartingaarecentLinkedlnconferenceLeementionedsomeofthesequalities.“Eventhoughwerenowinagoldenperiodforinnovationandstart-upsnoteveryoneismeanttobeansharethesamequalities-theyareconfidentcommunicativeanddontfearlosingandtheyaregoodatlearning“hesaid.Leeexplainedthatheoftenmeetsyoungpeoplewhoareirresoluteaboutsettingupabusiness.Ifthatsthecaseforyouthendontdoso“hesaidatthebottomlinehesaidisthatentrepreneursshouldbedeterminedandpassionate.Passionisvitaltoentrepreneurssinceittypicallyrelatestoself-motivationaccordingtoLiJun26founderofWuhanLushenglinPlantWallCoLtd.Entrepreneursoftenneedtoworkaroundtheseasierforpeopletoputupwiththedifficultscheduleiftheyrepassionateaboutwhattheyredoing“hesaid.Entrepreneursarealsogenerallythoughtofasrisk-YuXiuhonggeneralsecretaryoftheBrightChinafoundationwarnsthatyoungentrepreneursshouldnottaketoomanyrisks.Successfulentrepreneursrarelytakerisksblindlyorjumpatopportunitiesotherslaunchingabusinessitsadvisabletodomarketresearchevaluateyourselfandyouropponents“shesaid.AlsosheadvisesthatyoungpeoplethoroughlycalculatetheirexpensesinLiDongjinasanexample35-year-oldlong-termentrepreneurdisappearedaweekagoafterhis020carwashingcompanyfailedhadgottenaninitialinvestmentof5millionyuanbutwasteditallonallowanceandpublicity.语篇解读很多人认为机遇和好运是成功的秘诀事实上成功的企业家具有某些共同的特质——自信、善于沟通和做事专注，他们不怕失败，善于学习成功的企业家还要有热情，要自我激励做事要三思而行，但不能犹豫不决，既不能盲目冒险，但也不回避值得冒的风险.WhichofthefollowingisnotthequalityofanentrepreneuraccordingtoKaifuLeeA.Confidence.B.Determination.C.Leadershipskill.D.Learningability.答案C解析细节理解题根据第三段中的Lee说的“Entrepreneurssharethesamequalities一theyareconfidentcommunicativeanddontfearlosingandtheyaregoodatlearning可推断出企业家拥有相同的品质——自信、沟通和专注他们不怕失败，且善于学习即选项中的A、B和D而没有提及C项，故选C.WhatdidLiJunsayaboutentrepreneursA・Theycantbemotivatedwithoutenthusiasm.B・Theyshouldntcomplainabouttheirtightschedule.C.Theyshouldhaveanurgetoimprovethemselves.D.Theymaysufferhealthproblemsduetoheavyworkloads.答案A解析细节理解题根据第五段第一句Passionisvitaltoentrepreneurssinceittypicallyrelatestoself-motivationv可知，激情对于企业家来说至关重要，因为它通常与自我激励有关，由此可推断出没有了热情就没有了自我激励其中的enthusiasm与passion是同义词，故选A.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningwiththeunderlinedword“irresolute”inParagraph4A.Delighted.B.Hesitant.C.Anxious.D.Sure.答案B解析词义猜测题根据本段中的“Ifthatsthecaseforyouthendontdoson可知，如果你是那样的人就不要创办企业了，可知irresolute与下文中提及的特点是相反的下文中的“Thebottomlinehesaidisthatentrepreneursshouldbedeterminedandpassionate.可知创办企业就必须有决心和热情，可知irresolute与determined（坚决的，下定决心，坚定的）是相反的，即不坚定的，犹豫不决的故选B.WhatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphsA.YuXiuhongregretsjumpingatopportunitiesbefore.B・LiDongjinisafailureforlackofadventurousspirit.C・LiDongjinshouldnthavestartedacarwashingcompany.D.YuXiuhongbelievesitamusttothinktwicebeforetakingrisks.答案D解析推理判断题在最后两段中于秀红认为，成功的企业家很少盲目冒险，但不回避值得的风险，他们会做调查，提前计算成本得失也就是做企业时三思而行，看风险是否值得分析选项可知选DIV.七选五（2018•河北邯郸质检）HabitstoBeaHighlyEffectiveStudentSomestudentsareabletogetstraightAsandatthesametimeserveaspresidentofthreesomestudentsstruggletokeeptheirGPA（GradePointAverage）abovea
3.
0.25AlthoughitstruethateveryonesIQisdifferentgoodstudyhabitsareveryreseveralhabitsyoushouldadopttogetgoodgrades.26Ifyouhaventhadaplanner（规戈U薄），getpeopleusetheircomputersandsmartphonestomakeaproblemwiththatapproachisthattheyaremajordistractions（分心的事物）.Insteadgetanold-fashionedpaperandpenplanner.Createaweeklyschedule.27Includetimethatwillbespenteatingsleepinganddoinganythingnotrelatedtoschoolwayyouknowexactlyhowmuchyoucanaccomplisheachday.Takefrequentshortabreakfromstudyingfor15minuteseveryhourwillhelpkeepyourefreshed28Ifyoudonttakeabreakyoumayfindyourselfdaydreamingorevenfallingsometimeforsomewaterasnackoraquickchatwithafriend.Takecareoffinalexamweekitiscommonforstudentstofallbehindonsleepandsureyougetagoodnightssleepandhaveregularwhilehungryorsleepyisineffectiveandwillslowyoudowninthelongtrytomaketimeforfriendsandfamily.29A.Keepthingsorganized.B・Keepawayfromyourcomputers.Ofcoursenoteveryoneneedsbreaks.Ourbrainsarenotmeanttoworkforhoursnonstop.Havingagoodsupportsystemwillhelpwithallthestress.Andtheyseemtospendalloftheirtimeinstudying.Thenundereachdaymakealistofthingstodoeachhour.语篇解读文章主要介绍了学习效率高的学生所拥有的四个习惯.答案F解析根据第一段可知一些学生能够得A而一些学生则挣扎着只能得到平均分，他们似乎花很多时间在学习此处是接前句，表明得平均分的人其实也很努力，接下来引出主题，好的学习习惯很重要故选F.答案A解析根据空后的句子“Ifyouhaventhadaplanner（规划薄），getone.”可知，作者强调要有规划，所以要让一切组织好故选A.答案G解析第二条建议是列个时间表所以要列出每小时做的事情，再接后句甚至包括吃饭、睡觉的时间故选G.答案D解析本段介绍的好习惯是要经常短时间休息一下，再根据后句如果不休息，你可能发现自己白日做梦或昏昏欲睡，所以，此处表明人需要休息，大脑不能无休止地工作故选Dkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden.（2017•济斤江）答案swept解析此处为getdone结构，表示被动关系句意为Pahlsson和她丈夫现在认为，那枚戒指可能是被扫进了厨房的垃圾堆里，然后被撒到花园里去了For25dayssheneverleftherbabynoteventofindsomething（eat）!（2016•四川）答案toeat解析不定式toeat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词somethingoIfyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheofficeyou11belesslikely（bring）yourworkhome.（2016•全国H）答案tobring解析belikelytodosth.可能做某事，为固定搭配故填tobringIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter（permit）tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.（2016•全国I）答案permitted解析此处动词permit与所修饰的名词r叩enter构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该使用其过去分词permitted作后置定语Inadditiontotheirsimplebeautywhatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition“ahousewithout（use）electricequipment.（2015•全国II）答案using解析介词without后用动名词作宾语【单句改错】（每小题仅有1处错误）AsakidIlovedtowatchcartoonsbutnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthemmyparentswouldnotletme.（2018全国II）答案watching-swatch解析asktodosth.意为“请求做某事”Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.（2016•全国II）答案takeftaking解析taking和前面的staying是并列关系【诊断报告】
29.答案E解析根据前句要花时间跟家人和朋友在一起，此处应该是家人和朋友能给自己提供支持和帮助所以选E名师点津.非谓语动词在语法填空中的审题要诀:动词特点它均备，唯作谓语不算对主宾定状表补语，样样功能它都会成分、作用理分明，再把时间来核对最后严把语态关，考虑周全终无悔.非谓语动词在短文改错中的审题要诀:非谓当作谓语用，该用被动用主动不定式前常丢to时态形式来起哄每遇动词要追问，是否合理又合情时间、作用与逻辑，考虑周全无不胜r考点突破考点一非谓语动词作状语.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语，其中的动词和其逻辑主语之间形成主动关系其结构为:.过去分词作状语⑴过去分词作状语表示被动的、已完成的动作⑵源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有seated（坐着的），devoted（专注的），lost/absorbedin（沉溺于），dressedin（穿着）等.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语，其中的动词和主句的主语之间耍形成主谓关系在句子中可以充当
（1）目的状语动词不定式作目的状语常用的形式todosoastoinorderto等⑵结果状语在only/justtodo结构中表示出乎意料的结果⑶原因状语在behappy/glad/sorry/sad/surprisedtodosth.结构中作状语表原因
（4）固定结构用于too...todoenoughtodoso/such...astodo结构中例1单句语法填空Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepotsusetwigs树枝toremoveit./n/r•备案using解析use和句子主语People之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词此处为现在分词作方式状语例2单句语法填空orderoveraweekagothebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.答案Ordered解析句意为那些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货主句的主语books与动词order是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该使用过去分词形式表示被动，相当于原因状语从句Becausetheywereordered...o例3单句改错Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.答案get前加to解析分析句子结构可知，句中不缺谓语，故此处为非谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语名师点津-ing形式还是-ed形式作状语用・ing形式还是.ed形式作状语要看从句中的动词与主句的主语是主谓关系还是动宾关系当与主语是主谓关系时用-ing形式；当与主语是动宾关系时用-ed形式考点二非谓语动词作定语.现在分词、过去分词作定语现在分词作定语表示动词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，常表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语表示动词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，常表示已完成的动作.下列情况常用不定式作定语1用来修饰被序数词、最高级或anynoalLtheonly等限定的中心词时，常用不定式作定语2当被修饰词为特定名词时常用不定式作定语，常见的名词有decisionwishchanceplantimeeffortabilityattempt等例4单句语法填空AbercrombieKentatravelcompanyinHongKongsaysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeopleliveinShanghaiandHongKong.合秦living解析句意为一家香港的旅游公司AbercrombieKent说它定期为居住在上海和香港的人们安排到这里快捷的短假分析句子可以判断出空格处作people的后置定语，提示词live与people之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词作定语例5单句语法填空Theadobedwellings土坯房buildbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.答案built解析由谓语动词areadmired可知空格处填非谓语动词，adobedwellings与build之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语故填built例6单句语法填空Wheneveritsnowssheisalwaysthefirstcleanthepaths.答案toclean解析betheErsttodosth.表示“第一个做某事”，序数词后用不定式作定语，故填toclean例7单句改错TheChineserestaurantnamingNewPandaBuffetprovidesgenuineChinesefoodwhichmanydinershavegiven5-starreviews.答案namingsnamed解析restaurant与name之间为被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语故将naming改为namedo名师点津非谓语动词作定语在短文改错中常考查现在分词与过去分词的错用搞清楚动词与其逻辑主语之间的主动、被动关系是解题的关键考点三非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和补语.非谓语动词作宾语的使用规则⑴只接不定式作宾语的动词agreeintendplandemandpromisepreparedeciderefusechoosewishhopewantexpectfail（未能），pretendmanagedeterminebegarrangethreatenclaimhesitatehappen（碰巧）等
（2）只接.-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）；admitavoidconsiderescape（避开），imaginemindmisspractisesuggestfeellikegiveupputoffobjecttolookforwardto等⑶接不定式与接.-ing形式有显著区别的动词
①trytodo尽力做trydoing试着去做；
②meantodo打算做，meandoing意味着；
③regrettodo遗憾要去做，regretdoing后悔做了；©remembertodo记得去做，rememberdoing记得做过；
⑤forgettodo忘记做，forgetdoing忘记做了4动词wantneedrequire作“需要”讲时，其后要用
0.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语5介词后一般要接a-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do不定式要省略too.非谓语动词作宾补的使用规则1现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主动关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词感官动词seewatchobservelooknoticehearlistenfindfeel使役动词havegetleavekeepcatch等⑵过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词感官动词seewatchobservelooknoticehearlistenfindfeel使役动词havemakeletgetleaveke叩等3不定式作宾补a.常接带to的不定式作宾补的动词短语:adviseallowaskcausecommandencourageexpectforbidforcegetinviteleaveorderpermitpersuadepreferrequestwarnwishcallondependon/upon等b.常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词短语help使役动词makehavelet感官动词如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略也可以保留with+宾语+宾补with+宾语+doing表示主动且进行with+宾语+done表示被动且完成with+宾语+todo表示将来
3.非谓语动词作主语和表语的使用规则⑴非谓语动词作主语不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动词；o.・ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或s-ing形式后置如Itis/wasnouse/gooddoingsth.如Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收⑵非谓语动词作表语现在分词interestingexcitingdisappointingencouragingworryingpuzzlingsatisfyingsurprisingpleasing等作表语时，强调表象，意为“令人的”；形容词化的过去分词interestedexciteddisappointedencouragedworriedpuzzledsatisfiedsurprisedpleased等作表语时，强调内在的感受，意为“感到……的”例8单句语法填空MyambassadorialdutieswillincludeintroduceBritishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.答案introducing解析由句子结构可知，introduce作谓语动词include的宾语，而include后需跟动名词作宾语例9单句语法填空Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriverbutherefusedstopuntilwereachedthenextstop.答案tostop解析refusetodosth.拒绝做某事，故填tostop例10单句改错MygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbyselltheAsh.2018•全国I答案sell-selling解析介词by后应用动名词形式，故将sell改为selling例11单句语法填空Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofaarerequiredprocessthefoodthatweeattorecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.2017•全国I答案toprocess解析requiresth.todosth.需要某物做某事，此处用了被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式toprocess作主语补足语例12单句改错ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.答案felt—feel解析make后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语例13单句改错Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.答案understandingfunderstand解析该句使用了“Itis+〃g..+todosth.”句型，to后应用动词原形考点四固定结构中的非谓语动词常考的固定结构belikelytodosth.有可能做某事Thereisnoneedtodosth.没有必要做某事ttakestimetodosth.某人花多少时间做某事bebusyindoingsth.忙于做某事spendmoney/timeindoingsth.花费金钱或时间做某事havedifficulty/troubleindoingsth.做某事有困难prevent/stop...fromdoingsth.阻止做某事例14单句语法填空Butunlikeschoolfriends16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termrest.2017・全国HI答案resting解析spend…indoingsth.是固定句式，译为花费做某事区专项训练.单句语法填空ButSarahwhohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswantsprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.217・全国III答案toprove解析wanttodosth.想要做某事，为固定搭配Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildliferangefrombutterfliestoelephants.2017•月匕京答案ranging解析句意为国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有rangefrom…to…从到的范围alargecollectionofwildlife与range之间是主动关系故用现在分词形式Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipmentallowmorepatientstobetreated.2017•天津答案allowing解析句意为这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗动词allow与其逻辑主语前面的整个句子是逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词作结果状语.Jimhasretiredbuthestillremembersthehappytimespendwithhisstudents.2017-答案spent解析句意为吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词作后置定语Theresearchdonextweekwillbeaboutthereadinghabitsofteenagersinmiddleschool.答案tobedone解析动词do与其逻辑主语research构成了动宾关系，可知此处应使用过去分词表示被动状态；由nextweek可知该非谓语动词晚于谓语动词willbe发生，故使用tobedone表示“即将进行的研究”Thename“cheongsam”meansimply“longdress”enteredtheEnglishvocabularyfromthedialectofChinasGuangdongProvince.答案meaning解析设空处和句子谓语entered之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且设空处和句子主语Thename构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语Oncehismessagewasdeliveredheallowedmestayandwatch.2018•全国HI答案tostay解析allowsb.todosth.是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填tostaythrowwasteintoariverwillcausethefishtodieandthepeoplewhodrinkthewatertogetsick.答案Throwing解析句意为往河里丢废弃物会导致鱼死亡，饮用这种水的人会生病句中缺少主语，且不是具体的某一次动作，而是一般的、泛指的概念，故应用动名词形式，且因位于句首，故填ThrowingoJennyfoundawalletlieontheground.答案lying解析句中已有谓语动词found故lie为非谓语动词；且与逻辑主语wallet存在主动关系，故用现在分词短语作宾语补足语collectalotofdataofvolcanoeruptionIbegantohelptheresearcherstopredictthevolcanoeruption.答案Havingcollected解析分析句子可知，句子已有谓语动词began故空处应为非谓语动词，又由I与collect之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且collect动作发生在began之前，故用现在分词的完成式作状语故填havingcollectedon.单句改错每小题仅有1处错误AfterwaitingforanhourKatiawenthomefeltlonelyandmiserable.答案felt-feeling考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1非谓语动词作状语1
（1），2352非谓语动词作定语793非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和补语1
（2）461011124固定结构中非谓语动词的用法8doing表示分词与谓语动词动作同时发生havingdone非谓语动词在句子谓语动词动作之前完成，和主语之间形成主动关系havingbeendone非谓语动词在句子谓语动词动作之前完成，和主语之间形成被动关系。
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