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武汉市第十四中学校本教材英语写作纲要同学们，短文写作是不是让你感到头疼？是否感觉无从着手、动笔就错？本专题讲座共十一讲，分别解决动笔就错和无从着手的问题；并且可以帮助你得高分，让你成为一名写作高手第一讲句子成分学法指导句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语弄清句子成分有利于在短文写作中写出正确的句子，有利于在完成句子题型中的考点判断，有利于在阅读中对长句的理解针对训练
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分Theawedarewelltakencareofinthevillage.答案主语Hemanagedlofinishtheworkintime.答案宾语Hiswishistobecomeascienlisl.答案表语GreatchangeshavelakenplaceinChinasince
1980.答案谓语Henoticedamanentertherocm.答案宾语补足语Wouldyoutellmeyuujadvice答案me为间接宾语，youradvice为直接宾语Hewaitedtosee」heresultofthegame.答案状语Hewaselectedchaiimanofthecompany.答案主语补足语IllneverforgetthedaywhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.答案定语1（makesnodifference.whetherhewillcome.答案主语（it为形式主语）
二、分析下列句子成分Wesawthemplayingfootballon\heplayground.答案
①主语
②谓语
③宾语
④宾补
⑤状语Themeetingheldyesterdaywasimportant.答案
①主语
②定语
③表语Doniforgeilowakemeupatsixlomorrowmorning.答案
①谓语
②宾语
③状语
5.TwoyearslaterhereturnedtoLondonthecity.grow两年后，他回到了伦敦，这所他长大的城市解析考查定语从句答案where/inwhichhegrewup
三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，用定语从句进行改写DeareditorImwritingtotellyouabouttheverydiscussion.Wehadadiscussionaboutchargingentrancefeeforparks.Somestudentsareagainstit.Theytakeup60%.Theparkisapublicplace.Peoplecanenjoythemselvesintheparkhere.Ifpeoplemustbuyaticketagateandwallshavetobebuiltforapark.Itwillmakeacitylookugly.Somestudentsareinfavoroftheidea.Theytakeup40%.Theythinkticketsellingcanmakesomemoney.Withthemoneywecanpaythegardenersintheparkandbuysomeotherkindsofflowersandtrees.YourstrulyLiHua答案DeareditorImwritingtotellyouabouttheverydiscussionthatwehavehadaboutwhetherpublicparksshouldchargeentrancefeeforparks.Thosewhoareagainstittakeup60%foraparkisapublicplacewhere/inwhichpeoplecanenjoythemselves.Whatsmoreifaticketmustbeboughtagateandwallshavetobebuiltforaparkwhichwillmakeacitylookugly.Onthecontrarythosewhoarcinfavoroftheideatakeup40%.Intheiropinionticketsellingcanmakesomemoneywithwhichwecanpaythegardenersintheparkandbuysomeotherkindsofflowersandtrees.YourstrulyLiHua第六讲名词性从句的写作学法指导名词性从句是重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达之一它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句同时有针对性地背诵一些名词性从句的固定句式，有助于书面表达针对训练
一、将下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句Themanagersaidalolatthemeeting.Hiswordswereveryattractive.WhendidyouentertheroomThepolicewanttoknowit.Thisismydecision.Allofusarctostartat6oclocktomorrowmorning.Ourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionship.Thenewsencouragedusailgreatly.WeshouldpractiseoralEnglishforanhoureveryday.Thatwasourrule.答案
1.Whatthemanagersaidatthemeetingwasveryattractive.Thepolicewanttoknowwhenyouenteredtheroom.Mydecisionisthatallofusareostartat6oclocktomorrowmorning.Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.WemadeitarulethatweshouldpractiseoralEnglishforanhoureveryday.
二、完成句子wasthatsuchalittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowellsurprise让我感到惊讶的是这么小的女孩小提琴拉得如此好解析考查what引导的名词性从句答案WhatsurprisedmeYoucantimagineatthatmomentdisappoint你无法想象我当时有多么地失望解析考查how引导的宾语从句答案howdisappointedIwasThenewshisdrivingtestagaindiscourageshim.fail他又一次在驾驶考试中不及格的信息让他气馁解析考查同位语从句答案thathehasfailedthathisincidentshouldhavemadesuchabigimpact.amaze这一事件竟然产生了如此大的影响，让人吃惊解析考查主语从句答案ItisamazingOverthemealthatIhadleftmykeyintheofficeoccur吃饭时，我突然想起我将钥匙忘在了办公室里解析考查主语从句答案itoccurredtome
三、阅读下列短文，在从句下面划线，指出它们分别属于何种从句，并背诵该范文请你根据用以下提示，结合生活的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用Thebestexampleofuniversallyunderstoodbodylanguagemaybethesmile.Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.Asmilecanopendoorsandteardownwalls.注1无须写标题2内容只需涉及一个方面3字数120左右Asmileisapowerfulweapon®whichcanevenchangeoneslife.Istillremember©hownervousIwasonmyfirstdayinthenewschoolthreeyearsago.3whenIfoundildifficulttofollowmyteacherin【hefirstEnglishclass.TheteacherspokeEnglishthroughoutheclass⑷whichwaslolallydifferedfrom【helessonIhadakenbefore.InthemorningclassthenextdaytheEnglishteachercametome
⑤whileIwasreadinghelexlaloudasolhersludenls.Afterlisteninglomeforawhileshegavemeabigsmileandsaid
⑥shelikedmyvoiceverymuch.Thesmileshoneonthewholedayandthefollowingdays.AweeklaterIvolunteeredtotakechargeofEnglishstudyinmyclass.ThankstothecomfortingsmileinmyfirstmorningclassIbegantobeconfidentaboutmystudies.答案
1.定语从句
2.宾语从句
3.定语从句
4.定语从句
5.状语从句
6.宾语从句第七讲非谓语动词与写作学法指导众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲恰当地运用非谓语动词（或者介词短语等）对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑言简意明针对训练
一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句Weweretouchedbytheteacherswords.Wedecidedtoworkhard.答案Touchedbytheteacherswordswedecidedtoworkhard.Ididntreceiveherletter.Ihadtowriteagain.答案NothavingreceivedherletterIhadtowriteagain.Theboycametoschoollateagain.Thismadetheteacherveryangry.答案Theboyscomingtoschoollateagainmadetheteacherveryangry.Theboysweremakingthemostoftime.Theywantedtofinishtheworkearlier.答案Theboysweremakingthemostoftimesoastofinishheworkearlier.Isawanoldgranny.Shelayontheground.Iwentovertohelpher.答案SeeinganoldgrannylyingonthegroundIwentovertohelpher.
二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句Whenwearrivedatthecompanywewereshownaroundtheworkshopsfirst.Whenweweretalkingotheemployeeswefounditwasnecessarythatweshouldlearnaforeignlanguage.—wewereshownaroundtheworkshopsfirst.Whenweweretalkingtotheemployeeswefound.答案Arrivingatthecompany;itnecessaryforustolearnaforeignlanguageItookpartinthemeetingwhichwasheldinBeijinglastFriday.Itwasveryinstructivewhichwashostedbyamanagerwhocametoourcompanyyesterday.—1tookpartinthemeetinglastFriday.Itwasveryinstructivewhichwashostedbyamanageryesterday.答案heldinBeijing;comingtoourcompanyAssoonastheysawafewpeoplestillinheburninghouseheyrushedintoittosavehemwithouthesitation.—theyrushedintoittosavethemwithouthesitation.答案OnseeingafewpeoplestillintheburninghouseMotherwenttoworkinahurryandshedidnthavebreakfast.Shewasasbusyasabeethesedaysandcamebackhomeverylate.—►Motherwenttoworkinahurry.Shewasasbusyasabeethesedays答案withouthavingbreakfast;comingbackhomeverylate.
三、完成句子hesoughtescapebygoingouttosea.depress感觉沮丧，他出海以寻求逃避解析考查非谓语动词答案FeelingdepressedHisrevivedmydroopingspirils.encourage他令人鼓舞的话使我颓丧的精神振作起来解析考查非谓语动词答案encouragingwordsWithcitiessomediseasesarclikelytospreadfastcr.crowd随着越来越多的人涌入城市，某些疾病可能传播得较快解析考查非谓语动词答案:moreandmorepeoplecrowdingintoMr.Matthewwentthroughmypersonalbelongingswithout.ask马修先生没有征求我的许可就搜查了私人物品解析考查非谓语动词答案askingformypermission
5.1rantothestationthatthetrainhadleft.only我跑到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了解析考查非谓语动词答案onlytofind
四、用非谓语动词短语改写短文中划线部分根据下面的英语提示，结合生活中的事例，就以下某方面谈谈书籍对你的影响，用英语写一篇短文Booksareourfriends.Theyintroduceusdifferentkindsofknowledge.Booksareourteachers.Theyteachscienceliteratureetc.andtelluswhatisgoodandwhatisevil.注意.无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；.除诗歌外，文体不限；.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；.词数为120左右
①WhenmytenthbirthdaywascomingupIcouldnthelpimagingwhatkindofpresentmyparentswouldgiveme.Tomysurprisetheygavemeabook.MyLifeSiory
②whichwaswrittenbyanAmericanwriter-HelenKeller.Inhebookshewrotethatshehadnotbeenabletoseehearorspeak.DisabledasshewaswiththehelpofMissSullivanshelearnedhowtowriteEnglishwordsandpublishedmanyfamousworks
③andMvLifeS/〃八isiusloneof【hem.IlwasMissSullivanscontinuousencouragementandinstructionthatinspiredhertoliveherlifetothefullest.IwasimpressedwiththewritersdeterminationandMissSullivanskindness.
④WheneverIfeltdepressedbecauseoflearningdifficultiesIwouldreadthebookoncemore.AlthoughitwastenyearsagothatIreadthebookitshowsmeauniversaltruththatbooksareourfriends
⑤whichalwayspushustomoveon.答案WithmytenthbirthdayapproachingwrittenbyanAmericanwriter---HelenKellerincludingMyLifeStoryFeelingdepressedalwayspushingustomoveon第八讲句型多样化英语句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句按种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句按其功能可分为强调句、省略句和倒装句按语气可分为陈述语气和虚拟语气像汉语一样，表达同一个意思，可用不同句式和不同词语下面介绍常用的6种方法
一、使用介词短语写作时，为了增加句子的色彩，常常使用介词短语来取代相应的动词和句子，从而使句子更加具有弹性和简洁性ShewenttoAustriainordertostudymusic.-*ShewenttoAustriafbrthepurposeofstudyingmusic.Becausetheweatherwasgoodourjourneywascomfortable.-*Thankstothegoodweatherourjourneywascomfortable.
二、使用动词短语写作时，常常使用动词短语，使平凡的句子更加生动Weallthinkheisagreatman.-*Weallthinkhighlyofhim.Asaresulttheplanwasafailure.-*Theplanturnedouttobeafailure.
三、使用特殊句型写作时，常常使用倒装句、强调句、感叹句、并列句等，从而体现短文的感情色彩
1.1wasveryhappytoreceiveyourletter.—HowhappyIwaswhenIreceivedyourletter!Thisyoungboyhelpedtheoldgranny.-*Itwasthisyoungboythathelpedheoldgranny.Theymettheyoungmanassoonastheygottothestation.-*Hardlyhadtheygottothestationwhentheymettheyoungman.
四、使用副词副词，如hopefullythankfullyeventuallysurely等的使用，可以使句子变得强有力Alargenumberofpeoplewerepresentatthemeetingwhichwasoutofourexpectation.-♦Unexpectedlyalargenumberofpeoplewerepresentatthemeeting.Inhepastpeoplethoughtihaltheearthwashemiddleoftheuniverse.-*Previouslytheearthwasthoughttobethecentreoftheuniverse.
五、使用wilh复合结构使用With+宾语+宾补介词短语、副词、非谓语动词结构，可以使句子变得简洁BecausetherewastoomuchnoiseIcouldntgoonstudying.—♦WiththenoisegoingonIcouldntgoonstudying.Asmoreandmoreforestsarcbeingcutdownsomespeciesarcdyingout.-*Withmoreandmoreforestscutdownsomespeciesaredyingout.
六、使用虚拟语气使用虚拟语气可以使句子变得更加富有情感化didnttakehisadvicesoIfailedintheexam.—IfIhadtakenhisadviceIwouldnthavefailedintheexam.
2.Itstimeforus（otakemeasurestoprotectthewildanimals.—Itshightimethatwctookmeasurestoprotectthewildanimals.针对训练
一、用较高级句式转换下列句子IrealizedtheimportanceofEnglishwhenIenteredseniorhighschool.（强调句）答案ItwaswhenIenteredseniorhighschoolthatIrealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.Wccanliveahappylifeonlybythismeans.（倒装）答案Onlybythismeanscanweliveahappylife.Hefellasleep.Thelightswerestillon.（with复合结构）答案:Hefellasleepwiththelightsstillon.Ifitisntwellorganizedthemeetingwillbeafailure.（省略句）答案Ifnotwellorganizedthemeetingwillbeafailure.Theycarriedoutasurveyamong260siudents.（被动语态）答案Asurveywascarriedoutamong260students.Weloveourmotherlandverymuch.（感叹句）答案Howmuchweloveourmotherland!BecauseIwasillthatdayIdidnttakepartinthesportsmeeting.（虚拟语气）答案Iwasillthatday.Otherwise1wouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.Theydidntrealizetheimportanceofenvironmentprotectinguntilallthefishintheriverdiedout.（倒装句或强调句）答案Notuntilallthefishintheriverdiedoutdidtheyrealizetheimportanceofenvironmentprotecting.或Itwasnotuntilallthefishintheriverdiedoutthattheyrealizedtheimportanceofenvironmentprotecting.
二、根据括号中的要求，用不同句式或词语改写划线部分的句子，并体会改动后的效果根据提示语和图画，用英语写一篇短文InyourEnglishclassyourteachershowsyouthefollowingpicture.Youareaskedtodescribethepictureandexplainhowyouunderstandit.（J2Owords）注意.无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；.除诗歌外，文体不限；.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；.词数为120左右
①llisaninlerestingpiclure.
②AWeslernyoungmanwhoissittingala（ableisready（oeatabowlofnoodles.HeisholdingtwoforksthesamewayasweChineseholdchopsticks.
③HeistryinghardloDickud【henoodlesandasaresullheissweaiingalot.AtfirstglanceIthinkitsabitfunnyfor
④weChinesethinkitnaturaltousechopsticksforeatingnoodles.Themaninthepictureistryingtocopyus.
⑤Itisobviousthatheisdoingitihchardway.MaybeusingoneforkwilldoabetterjobInmyopinionwedontneedtoimitateotherswaysofthinking.
⑥Sometimesasimplerwayofdoing〔hings【naybeabctlcrwav.Itisaninterestingpictured改为感叹句）答案Whataninterestingpicture（itis）!AWesternyoungmanwhoissidingatatableisreadytoeatabowlofnoodles.（改为简单句）答案AWesternyoungmansittingatatableisreadytoeatabowlofnoodles.Heistryinghardtopickupthenoodlesandasaresultheissweatingalot.（改为复合句）答案Heistryingsohardtopickupthenoodlesthatheissweatingalot....weChinesethinkitnaturaltousechopsticksforeatingnoodles.（彳更用动i司i司组take...forgranted）答案weChinesetakeitforgrantedthatchopsticksarcthetoolsforeatingnoodles.Itisobviousthatheisdoingitthehardway.（使用副词）答案Obviouslyheisdoingitthehardway.Sometimesasimplerwayofdoingthingsmaybeabetterway.（使用themore...（hemore…句式）答案Sometimesthemoresimplywedothingsthebetterresultwellget.第九讲句子间、段落间的衔接与过渡学法指导连接（过渡）性词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段在句与句之间，段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接（过渡）性词语是非常必要的.表示起始关系的过渡性词语aboveallfirstofalltobeginwithaccordingtoasyouknow/asisknownasisshownin等.表示时间顺序的过渡性词语firstthenlaterintheendfinallyatlastafterthatsincethenimmediatelysuddenlysoon等.表示空间顺序的过渡性词语ontheright/leftononesideofontheothersideofatthetop/foot/endofinthemiddleofinfrontofatthebackof等.表示并列关系的过渡性词语andoraswellasneither...nor...»notonly...butalsoeither...ornot...but...等.表示转折关系的过渡性词语butyethoweverwhileonthecontraryatthesametime不过，然而等.表示因果关系的过渡性词语becauseassinceforthankstothusthereforeasaresultofonereasonisthatanotherreasonisthat...等.表示条件关系的过渡性词语ifunlessincaseofas/solongasonconditionthat等.表示递进关系的过渡性词语whatsmorefurthermoremoreoverbesideswhatsworsetomakemattersworseworsestill.ontheonehandontheotherhandforonethingforanother...等.表示让步关系的过渡性词语asthougheven/thoughwhowhatwhenwhere-ever/nomatterwhowhatwhenwhere等.表示列举事实的过渡性词语forexample/instancesuchastake...forexamplethatistosayasfollowsinotherwords等.表示总结的过渡性词语inshortinbriefinconclusionina/oncwordonthewholeingeneralgenerallyspeaking等针对训练阅读下列短文，选择适当的过渡词或短语填空secondasaresultdespiteoniheonehandwhatsworseinawordonheotherhandAsanewwayofshoppingonlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinourdailylife.♦onlineshoppinghasmanyadvantages.Firstonlineshoppingmakesiteasierforustobuythings.Insteadofsearchingacrowdedstorewejustneedtowatchthecomputerscreenandchoosethethingswelike.itismuchfasterforustodoshopping.Wcdonthavetospendalotoftimegoingtoshops.Thirdwecanseealotofgoodsshownonthecomputerscreenatthesametime.onlineshoppingalsohasmanydisadvantages.Thepicturesofgoodsshownonthecomputerscreenarenotalwayswhattheyare.wecanbecheatedeasily.wecannotseethethingsindetail.thedisadvantagesofonlineshoppingIthinkitisanadvancedwaytodoshopping.Soweshoulddevelopit.答案Ontheonehand;Second;Ontheotherhand;Asaresult;Whatsworse;Inaword;despite第十讲研究高考
一、考试说明中对短文写作的要求要求考生根据题示准确使用英语语法词汇、进行书面表达考生应能有效运用所学语言知识，准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；要求考生根据所给提示和相关要求，用英语写一篇120个单词左右的短文提示包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提示的形式有图画、图表、提纲等
二、湖北高考短文写作的命题特点短文写作的题目含三个方面，以2012年湖北高考短文写作为例.请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文.Youcannotchoosewhatyouarcgivenbutyoucanchoosehowyoumakeuseofit..注意:
①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称
④词数为120左右第一项说明写作要求，内含是否要求举例考生应注意这一要求分析近三年试卷，写作全部要求考生结合事例事例分为多种，但一般来讲，事例有四个来源一是来源于自己个人的生活学习经历；二是来源于身边的事例三是来源于校园生活事例；四是来源于教材等其它方面所了解的事例第二项英语提示语提示语的作用在于控制考生所写话题因此，考生要认真审题，把握提示语的重心，不要写偏题分析近三年的试卷，提示部分均采取了文字提纲的形式，但从湖北高考英语学科考试说明可知，这一部分除了文字以外，也可以是图片或图表，还可以是两种提示形式的结合因此，考生要适应三种情况下的提示第三项提出短文写作的相关注意事项从命题方向来看，其内容积极向上，具有一定的励志性其方法上带有较明显的思辨特征，因此，考生所给事例的内容必须与提示语相一致，换言之，也就是事例能够说明提示语的中心思想，且逻辑要清晰，结论要明了
三、评分原则、评分标准和评分示范
1.评分原则
①本题总分为30分，按5个档次给分
②词数少了100将分数降低一个档次（酌情给分）
③评分时，现根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分评分档次的确定应在内容符合题目要求的前提下侧重于语言的表达（globalstory）
④评分时，应注意的主要内容为内容切题，语言表达准确、多样、连贯、得体
⑤拼写与表的符号是语言表达准确的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑
⑥如书写太潦草，以至影响辨认，将分数降低一个档次（实际要求;确实看不清楚可做问题卷提交）2•个档次的给分范围和要求2012年短文写作给分示例RangeFindersThethingswegetandthesituationsweareinvaryfrompeopletopeople.Therearetherichintheworldwhiletherearethepoor.Therearesomeonewhohasbeengivenmanychanceswhiletherearcsomeonewhohasnot.LetmeshowyouastoryIhaveheardaboutfrommyfather.InasmalltownhereweretwotwinbrothersTomandJim.TomwasaverynoisyboywhileJimwasjusttheopposite.Theirdifferencearousedtheirparentsinterests.Sotheyprepareddifterentbirthdaygiftsfbrthem.JimthequietboywasgivenbicycleShockinglyheburstintocryingbecausehecouldnotrideabike.Tomofthemweregiventhethingstheycouldnotchoose.ThisstoryreallyteachesmealotbecausemyfathertoldmethateventuallyJimbecameaskillfulbicycleriderandTomaverygoodreader.Inourlifetimethereexistmanythingsseeminglyunexpected.HoweverwhatIOwanttoemphasizeisthatwhateverwehavebeengivenweshouldbeoptimisticallthetimesothatwecouldmakefulluseofit.第五档:漂漂亮亮“爽”cool；得分27-28※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※Thereisanoldsayingthat“everyoneisgivensomethingbuthowyoumakeuseofitmakesagreatdifference.IbelievethesewordsverymuchsinceIhaveexperiencedthisthing.Everydayhewasforcedtoworkfrommomingtillni-ht.4•
①@~@-
④答案
①状语
②主语
③谓语
④主补apologizedtoherforsteppingonherfoot.5•
①②⑥④答案
①主语
②谓语
③宾语
④状语
三、完成句子Hadwenottakenadvantageofthechancewetheprojectonschcdule.coniplete要不是利用了那次机会，我们就不会按时完成了那项工程解析考查谓语因此要注意谓语动词的时态、语态和语气从句子结构来判断考点，考查虚拟语气答案wouldnthavecompletelyThingsarenlalways.seem事情往往不是它们看上去的那样解析考查表语从句因此要注意连接词和谓语动词的时态和语态答案whattheyseemtobeShemeanttochangeherjobbutitmeant.give她打算换工作，但这意味着放弃她的梦想解析考查宾语非谓语动词〜ing形式作mean的宾语答案givingupherdreamYoushouldkeepherwhatisgoingonhereinform你应该让她了解这儿发生的事情解析考查宾补非谓语动词作宾补，宾语her与inform之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词答案informedofManyofthevenuesincludingthebasketballcentreaftertheOlympicGamespull奥运会后，包括篮球中心在内的许多场馆将被拆毁解析考查谓语因此要注意谓语动词的时态、语态和语气变化答案willbepulleddown
四、分析下列短文中各句划线部分的句子成分，并背诵该范文请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文Yourfuturedependsonmanythingsbutmostlyonyou.注意
①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
④词数为120左右1isrueihaiourfinureisdeterminedbymanyihingssuchasoDporluniliesandhelpfromothers
①butourownattitudedctcmiinationandhardwork
②playamoreimportantrole.Inotherwordswearehemasterofourownfuture.TakeAbrahamLincolnforexample.Hewasborninapoorfamilyandonlyreceived
③alimited©educationinhischildhood.YetthroughhisDainstakingefforts
⑤hechangednotonlyhisownfatebutalsothehistoryofAmerica.EventothisdayLincolnisregardedasoneofthemostinspiring©figuresintheworld.ThereforeIfirmlybelievethatourfutureisinourownhands
⑦.WhenIwasstudyinginthemiddleschool.Igotsickandhadtostayathomefortwoweek.1feltworriedbecauseanimportantexamwasapproaching.IwasafraidthatIwouldfallbehindmyclassmate.AlthoughIwasuncomfortableIstuckonstudyeveryday.Eventually1didntfailedandgotgoodgrades.FormyexampleIlearnthatevenifIcantstudyatschoolIalsocanlearngood.BecauseItakeadvantagesofmytimeathome.Thefatealwaysplaysjokesonpeople.Weareordinarypeoplesoitisimpossibleforustopredictwhatwillhappen.Besideswccanonlytoacceptwhatthegodgivesus.Sowhenwcacceptthegiftsweshoulddoourutmosttokeepasmileandmakegreatuseofthem.Itisunwisetocomplainthatthegodisunequalbuttosparenoeffectstoachieveyoursuccesswiththem.第四档清清楚楚隔三岔五有点错“顺”clear；得分（21-22）※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※Everyoneisdifferent.Everyonesthoughtisdifferent.Youcantchoosewhatyouarcgivenbutyoucanusewhatyouhave.Usedyourhandsyourconfidenceyourhearttogetwhatyouwanted.IcamefromacountrysideMyfamilywaspoorbutmyfathersentmetoschool.Hewantsmestudyknowledges.HeoftensaidtomefIfyouwanttogetwhatyouwantedyoumustusedyourhandstogetit.AnddontworriedyoucantchoosewhatyouaregivenBelieveinyourselfthatyoucouldgetitprovidingthatyoumakebestusedofwhatyouaregiven.Soeverythingisntdifficult.nothingisdifficultyouneedchoosehowyoufaceit.Andusedwhatyouhavetosolvedit.Onlyinthiswaycanyouconictosuccessfromthebadthings.第三档马马虎虎半英文一半看不懂“行coi（音同“可以”卜得分15-16※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※Recentlywevehadadiscussionsomethingwhetheradvidesthatweshouldbehardtoworkorstudy.Youcanchoosewhatyouaregivenandmakeuseofit.Nowadaysgivenhasaproblemwehavetoface.Wedontknowwhatyouaregivencanchoose.Butyoushouldknowhowtomakeuseofit.Itsveryimportant.Wemustberealizedsomethingweshouldget.Andwehavetohardworkorstudy;Youcangetit.Weshouldcareaboutmyselfjobperformancedoesntcareaboutwhatweget.Thingsarentalwayslooksappearinggood.Seweshouldfindawaythatwecanchoosehowyoumakeuseofit.Whateverwhatyouaregiven.Itsgood.第二档糊里糊涂隔三岔五有点对cloudy；得分9-10※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※Ioftenlistentheteachersaid:wecannotchoocewhatouraregivenbutwecanchooseourmakeuseofit.Thealarmclockannouncesthestartofbusyeveryday.Webegainmakeuseofgiven.Usuallywemakemanyhaveagoodthinswork.Forexamplepeopleforfuturehisdreamhealwaysmakeabouthisdreamthins.SodoI.Ialwaysisbusy.BecauseIwantmakeusegiven.Offcusewealwaysmakealittlemistake.ButifwedontcareaboutitWecounthavedonesomethingSosometimes1dontbestmakeusegiven.WhatdoyouthinkIhopeyoucanbestmakeusegivenandyou第一档一塌糊涂惨chaotic；得分3-4范文ThreeyearsagoIfailedanimportantexaminmylifeandbecameastudentinanordinaryschool.DisappointedasIfelttheshabbycampusandthepoorly-equippedclassroom.Ifoundtheteacherspatientandconsiderate.BesidesIenjoyedthefriendlyatmosphereinclass.Idecidedtomakethebestofit.Iworkedhardandgotalongwellwithmyteachersandclassmate.WheneverIhaddifficultiestheywerealwaysavailable.SoonIbecameoneofthetopstudentsinmyclasswhichgreatlyincreasedmyconfidenceandgotmemotivated.Myexperiencetellsmethatitisnotwhatyouarcgivenbuthowyoumakeuseofitthatdetermineswhoyouare.考生满分写作Abrilliantfutureiswhateverybodyislookingforwardto.Neverthelesslifejustdoesntalwaystreateveryoneequally.Somepeoplemaybefortunateenoughnottobebotheredbyhardshipsfrequentlymeanwhilemostofushavetobefacedwithallkindsoftroublesomesituations.Aswccantchoosewhathasbeinggivenwecandoourbesttobestrongandpositiveinordertomakethebestofourlife.HerecomesatypicalexampleofmyfriendHelen.Possessingbeautifulappearanceaswellasmodestattitudesheusedtobethekindofgirlwhowasadoredbyeveiyone.Unluckilyanunexpectedcaraccidenthappenedtoherwhenshewasjusttenyearsold.Shewasinjuredsoseverelythatthedoctorhadtocutoffherrightleg.Insteadofsurrenderingherselftodespairshemaintainedanoptimisticattitudetowardslifeandalwaysworealovelysmileasbefore.Disabledasshewasshemanagedtobecomeoneofthebeststudentsinherclass.HerstoryimpressedmesomuchthatIvelearnedsomethingsignificantfromitthatsometimesitisntdestinythatdefeatsyoubutyourownchoice.Ifyouarestrongenoughthereisnothingthatcanprohibityoutohaveabettertomorrow.针对性训练阅读下面短文，根据评分细则，指出短文中的优点，并尝试评分
一、请根据以下提示，结合你校园生活中的一个事例，就与人合作这一话题，用英语写一篇短文Workingingroupsatschoolisanopportunitytolearnaboutteamwork.Teamworkshowsushowotherpeoplesrolesfitthepurposeofthegroupanditteachestobepatientandhowtorespondtodifferentpeople.注意
①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③内容必须结合校园生活中的一个事例；
④文中不得透漏个人姓名和学校名称
⑤词数为120左右Yearsofschoollifehastaughtmealotofthingsofwhichteamworkisthemostimportantforme.ItwasthreeyearsagowhenIwaschosenmonitorofmyclassinmyseniormiddleschool.AtfirstIdidmostofthedutiesmyselfwhileotherstudentscaredlittleaboutclassactivities.AsaresultIwasliredoutanddepressed.HavingsufferedfbralongtimeIturnedtomyteacherandheadvisedmetocooperatewithothers.ThusIbegantorecognizethestrengthsofmyclassmatesandhaveeveryonedoheirpartinclass.Itisworkinginteamsinsteadofonmyownthathasfreedmeoftroubleandmademyworkmoreefficient.教师评语短文紧扣要点，举例说明了合作的重要性文中使用了多种句式定语从句、状语从句、并列句、强调句由于使用了一些过渡词，因此句子之间逻辑顺序自然给分30
二、根据以下提示，结合事例，用英语写一篇短文Whatyouhadfeltwasalossendedupwhatyougained.注意
（1）无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
（2）除诗歌外文体不限;
（3）文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
（4）词数为120左右Inourdailylifemanythingswillhappentous.Sonicpeoplefeeltheygainsomethingwhileothersfeeltheylosesomething.Theirfeelingsaredeterminedbytheirattitudetowardswhathashappenedtothem.Istillrememberanincidentwhichhappenedyearsago.Wehadamathstest.IwasgoodatitandthetestwasntdifficulttomesoIfinisheditquicklyandthoughtIwouldscoreafullmark.ButtomysurpriseanddisappointmentIfailedbecauseofmycarelessness.Ifeltashamed.Throughthisexperience.Iunderstoodsuchalesson:WhateverIdoImustbecareful.Icongraduatcdmyselfonacquiringapositiveattitudetowardsthings.Itdoesntmatterwhatwegetorlose.Sometimeslosingsomethingdoesntmeanabadthing.Wccangainsomethingvaluablefromloss.教师评语事例与提示语的含义一致；长短句搭配合理，具有较强的可读性；时态使用正确，全文三段分布合理，符合逻辑得分30第十一讲写作指导
一、审题审题包括仔细阅读题中汉语和英语以及其他信息，以此弄清写作要求，保证写作不偏题例根据以下提示，结合事例，用英语写一篇短文Encouragementfromafriendplaysaveryimportantroleinmotivatingyoutosolvetheproblemsyouarefacing.Ithelpsyoufightthedifficultiesandgetoutofanunfavorablesituationyouarestuckin.注意
（1）无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
（2）除诗歌外，文体不限；
（3）文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
（4）词数为120左右审题过程.根据汉语提示可知，考生需要提供事例.根据英语提示可知，鼓励必须来自一位朋友，且他或她的鼓励在你克服困难中起到了极大作用.参考范文Encouragementscanserveasarayofhopeduringdifficultlimes.Thebestonestoencourageadepressedsoulareourfriends.ItwasthreeyearsagowhenIjustbegantoattendHighSchool.ForthefirsttimeIfailedinanEnglishexamwhichIhadthoughtIwasbestat.Ifeltverydepressed.MybestfriendLilytriedtocomfortmeofferingheremotionalsupport.ShelistenedtomecarefullyandtoldmeEdisonsucceededininventingtheelectricbulbafterfailingmorethan300times.Eventuallywithhispatientencouragement1overcamedepressandwasdeterminedtotryhardagain.InthenextexamIdidit.Encouragementisthebestmeanstohelpsomeonefeelbetter.Itcangivethecouragetofightdifficultiesandmotivatesomeonetomoveon.
二、构思在审题的同时，除考虑事例外，要积极构思，在头脑中搜索可以使用的词语和句式例请根据以下提示，结合你校园学习生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文Beingrealfriendsmeanshelpingyououtwhenyouareintrouble.注意
（1）无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
（2）除诗歌外，文体不限；
（3）内容必须结合你校园生活中的一个事例；
（4）文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
（5）词数为120左右构思过程
1.写好topicsentence
①Itstruethatrealfriendsarethosewhohelpuswhenwegetintotrouble.
②Asanoldsayinggoesagoodfriendinneedisafriendindeed.
③BesidesourteachersandparentswhoaremostlikelytohelpuswhenwemeetwithdifficultyinstudiesOfcourseitisourfriends.©Realfriendsnotonlyshareourhappinessandsorrowbutalsohelpeachothersincerely
2.写好example
①IhadtroublewithmyEnglish（details.）
②Ifounditdifficultformetorememberallthosenewwords.
（3）1darentreadEnglishaloudbecauseIwasafraidofbeinglaughedatbymyclassmates.©GraduallyIlostheartinthesubjectwhichmademyEnglishworse..写好details@HchelpedmewithmyEnglish.（detail.）
②HeencouragedmetoreadaloudtheEnglishtextsin（hemoming.
③HeofferedtopracticeEnglishwithme.®HegavemesomeusefuladviceonhowtolearnEnglish..写好Summary/ResultFinallyIrealizeitisZhangHuawhoismyrealfriend.AsaresultmyEnglishhasimprovedalot.WithhisselflesshelpIhavemadegreatprogressinmyEnglish..参考范文Agoodfriendinneedisafriendindeed.LiHuaoneofmyclassmatesissuchafriendinmyschoollife.WhenIbeganmyjuniormiddleschoolyearsIhadmuchdifficultyinlearningEnglish.Ifounditwastoohardformetomemorizeallthenewwords.IevencouldntfollowtheEnglishteacher.IdarednotreadEnglishaloudinclassbecauseofmypoorpronunciation.AfraidofbeinglaughedatIneverputupmyhandtoanswerquestionsinEnglishclassactivelywhichmademyEnglishworse.WhenLiHuafoundoutmysituationheoftenencouragedmeandofferedtopracticeEnglishwithme.WithhishelpIbecameinterestedinEnglishgraduallyandmyEnglishhasbeguntoimproveevensince.
三、撰写在写短文时，要反复默读所写内容，保证句子之间的逻辑衔接到位，同时注意长短句的分配，和不同句式的使用始终保持卷面整洁针对训练
一、请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文Musicismorethanjustsound.Itisacomfortofoursoulareliefofourlifeandevenawayofthinking.Withoutmusiclifeisajourneythroughadesert.注意.无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；.除诗歌外，文体不限；.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；.词数为120左右参考范文Musicismorethanjustsound.Itisacarrierofpeoplesthinkingwhichimpliestheirlifeexperiencethoughtsandwisdom.Inasensemusiccanhelppeoplefindthevirtueofhumanbeingandliveinharmony.Musicrelaxesourmindandbodywhenweareundergiantpressureencouragesandexcitesuswhenwefeellow.Sometimeswiththehelpofmusicwecangetridofhedesperatedifficultiesthatwefaceandrestorethemuchneededconfidenceandself-esteemforourselves.Bathedintheworldofmusicstrangersfromdifferentcountrieswillquicklygettoknoweachotherandunderstandothersculturesmuchbetter.SomusicasfarasIbelieveisoneofthebestkeystoopeningupthewisdomofmankind.Justtrymanydifferentstylesofmusicandalwaysrememberthatmusicisneverawasteofyourtime.
二、阅读下面诗歌，结合自己的感悟，用英语写一篇短文DreamsHoldfasttodreamsForifdreamsdieLifeisabroken-wingedbirdThatcanneverflyHoldfasttodreamsForwhendreamsgoLifeisabarrenfieldFrozenonlywithsnow注意.无须写标题.不得照抄提示语.词数为120左右范文:Dreamsisaninspiringpoemwhichsetsreadersthinkingandgivesthemenormousencouragementandconfidence.Weallhavedreamswewouldliketoaccomplish.Dreamsareindispensabletoourworkandlife.Justasthepoemsayslifewithoutadrcamisabarrenfield.Howeverjustcherishingdrcamsarefarfromenough.Whatweshoulddoistoholdfasttothemortheywillneverbeaccessible.Inordertomakeourdrcamscometruewcarcsupposedtostrengthenourwillandworkoutcarefulplanswhichwillmakedetailswellorganized;meanwhileweshouldbeconfidentenoughevenifweencounterdifficultiesattimesandkeepinmindthatthingswillnotalwaysgoonassmoothlyasexpected.Nevergiveuponyourdreamsandneverbebroken-wingedbirds
三、请根据以卜提示，结合你生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈经过和感想Itisafunnyexperiencewhenyoufindwhatyouthinkismissing.注意
（1）无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
（2）除诗歌外，文体不限；
（3）内容必须结合你校园生活中的一个事例；
（4）文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
（5）词数为120左右范文Inourdailylifeeveryonemusthavelostthings.Somecouldbefoundatlastbutsomeofthemcouldntbefoundforever.Ihadanunforgettableexperience.OnedayIwenthomehappily.IwasabouttolookatmywatchwhenIfoundmywatchgone.Iwasveryworried.Ilookedfbriteverywherebutinvain.Thoughnotveryexpensiveitisimportantforme.Itisthegiftthatmyparentsgavetomeformyfifteenthbirthday.TwodayslatertomysurpriseIfoundniywatchwhichmademeoveijoyed.Theexperiencehasadeepimpressiononme.Itmakesmerealizethatitmaybeapitytothemwhenweloseourparentsgifts.Ishouldtakegoodcareofthewatchandavoidmissingitagain.
四、请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的感受注意.无须写标题.不得照抄提示语.词数为120左右ThephotoshotonNovember232012onthewesternshoresofHudsonBayinManitobaCanadashowsanundernourished（营养不良）polarbearmotherandhertwostarvingcubsstrugglingtosurvive.Duetotheglobalenvironmentalchangetheysufferedstarvationforseveralweeks.Thebothcubspassedawaywithintwodaysofthephotographing.Imdeeplyshockedandsaddenedbyihelossofthetwolovelyyoungpolarbearsthemomenlthisphotocomesintomysight.Idarenotimaginehowheartbrokenthemotherbearisandhowsheweeps.MeanwhileIcanlresistexploringthequestion:DidtheyreallydieofstanationButmyspecialconsciencewhispersinmyearthatitisnothungerbuthumanbeingsthathaveclaimedtheirlives.Nodoubtmankindistoblamefortheglobalwarmingwhichhasresultedinthedestructionoftheirhabitatsandthustheshortageoftheirfood.Myfellowsitshightimethateveryoneledalow-carbonlifetofightagainsttheglobalwarmingsoastosaveourselvesaswellasthoseendangeredanimals.
五、请根据以下提示，结合事例，用英语写一篇短文Abadmood心情willhaveanegativeeffectonussoitisimportanttoturnabadmoodintoagoodone.注意1无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；2除诗歌外，文体不限；3内容必须事例；4文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；5词数为120左右范文LastweekIdidntpassmymathexamination.MyparentssaidIletthemdownandmymathteacherwasespeciallyangrywithme.AtthattimeIwassodepressedandgloomyasifmyworldwasatanend.ButwhatmyfriendLilytoldmeenlightenedme.Shesaidyesterdaywashistorytomorrowwasamysteryandtodaywasapresent.ItdawnedonmethatIcantleiwhathappenedbeforeruinmyprecioustoday.Icheeredmyselfupanddeterminedtofacethefollowingchallengesconfidently.FinallyIgotridofhisbadmoodandbecamehappyagainbecauseIlearnedalolfrommyexperience.答案
1.主语it为形式主语
2.主语
3.谓语
4.定语
5.状语
6.定语
7.宾语第二讲五种基本句型学法指导句子最重要的部分是主语和谓语，主语是句子的中心，谓语是主语的动作或者主语所处的状态简单句的骨架就是一个主谓结构，共有五种句型，这五种句型是写作学习的核心内容因为所谓的复杂的句子，即并列句、主从复合句，全部是简单句组合或相套而来五种简单句句型如下主语+谓语不及物动词主语+谓语及物动词+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语掌握五种基本句型是短文写作的基本要求，同时也是完成句子中分析考点的必备手段，在五种基本句型中，谓语是最常考的部分，“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”句型是难点针对训练
一、判断下列简单句的类型Helookedunhappyatthatlime.Helostthemoneyonhiswayhome.MrWangaughtusEnglishlastyear.Thetimepassedquickly.Wearemakingourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.答案
1.主语+系动词+表语
2.主语+谓语+宾语.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语.主语+谓语
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
二、完成句子Heseemsfbrheknowsalotabouttheplace.go他好像去过那儿，因为他知道许多有关这个地方的事情解析在“主语+系动词+表语”结构中考查不定式作表语答案tohavegonethereWeameetingatthismomenttomorrowhold明天这个时候我们正在举办一次会议解析•在“主语+谓语+宾语”结构中考查谓语动词的时态答案willbeholding—Youdbettergoand.-NoTilrepairitmyselfrepair—你最好去请人将你的手表修修一不，我会自己来修解析在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构中，考查过去分词作宾补的用法答案have/getyourwatchrepairedThedirectorinsistedinhisreportthattheproblemalthemeetingdiscuss主任在报告中坚持认为这个问题要在会上讨论解析在“主+谓”结构中，考查谓语动词的时态、语态和语气答案shouldbediscussedPatrickstudiedhardandthats.think帕特里克工作勤奋，这就是他受到赞扬的原因解析:在“主+系+表”中，考查表语从句答案whyhewasthoughthighlyof
二、分析下列短文中划线部分的句子，指出其属于何种句型，并背诵该范文请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文Yesterdayishistorytomorrowisamysterybuttodayisagift.Thatiswhyitiscalledthepresent.注意
①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
④词数为120左右NowadayssonicdcodIcsitaroundrecallingihoscnldgooddays
①whileothersarclookingforwardtoapromisingfuture.Personallyilisesseniial「orus【oholdoday
②.Yesterdayissomethingthalcantbechanged
③、soitisnousekeepingregrettingforwhatyouhavedone.Eventhoughthereusedobesomethinggoodi【belongsloIheDasl
④.Inadditionfutureisunpredictable.Howcanyouexpectthatbeautifuldreamscanbeachievedwithoutseizingthepresenlofoday
⑤Oldgooddaysshouldbecomeourpreviousexperiences
⑥.Meanwhilebeautifuldreamsaresupposedtoactasourmotivationpushingustowardthebrightfuture.Asanoldsayinggoestimeandtidewaitfornoman.LetsappreciateandmakefulluseofhepresentandonlyinIhiswaycanwcmakeourlifcmoresignificant
⑦..主语+谓语.主语+系动词+表语.主语+系动词+表语.主语+谓语+宾语.主语+谓语.主语+系动词+表语.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补第三讲“Therebe句型”的写作学法指导Therebe句型是由“lhere+be+主语”构成，用以表达存在关系它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际意义在实际短文写作中，尽管这样的句型一般只使用一两次，但如果用错，会直接影响到得分率Therebe句型的常见错误1学生易受汉语影响，句中出现双谓语［误］Therearetwoboysarewailingforyou.［正］Therearetwoboyswaitingforyou.［lE］Twoboysarewaitingfbryou.2易把therebe错用成therehave［误］Thereisgoingtohaveameetingtomorrow.［正］Thereisgoingtobeameetingtomorrow.3易把therebe结构与itis相混淆［误］Itisnodoubtthathewillpasstheexam.［正］Thereisnodoubtthathewillpasstheexam.
四、Therebe句型的常见结构Thereisnodoubt...亳无疑问Thereisnoneed...没有必要Thereisnopossibility...没有可能Thereisnosense/pointindoingsth.做没有意义Thereisnodenying...无可否认针对训练
一、用therebe结构转换句型Itoftenrainsinmyhometown.—*inmyhometown.Itseemsthatsomethingiswrongwiththecomputer.—somethingwrongwiththecomputer.Someteachersfromotherschoolsvisitedourschoollastweek.—►ourschoollastweek.YourdaughterisgoodatEnglish.Youneedntworryabouther.—YourdaughterisgoodatEnglish.worryabouther.Itisimpossibletodenythatheisagreatman.—thatheisagreatman.答案
1.ThereisalotofrainThereseemstobeThereweresometeachersfromotherschoolsvisitingThereisnoneedforyoutoThereisnodenying
二、根据汉语提示完成短文，用therebe句型完成划线部分假如你和你的好朋友约翰之间曾经出现误会
①请根据以下内容，写•篇短文陈述产生误会的原因、经过和结果上个月我们进行了•次数学测试
②碰巧有•道数学题
③除了我以外没有人能做出来我的好朋友约翰想抄我的答案，他扔给我一张纸条，但我不予理睬这次测试以后我们吵了一架，自此我们之间一直存在很大的隔阂
④我们之间一定有误会
⑤我向他解释我为什么拒绝他的原因，我们又成为了好朋友［写作要求］使用therebe结构
①Wehadamathtestlastmonthand
②but3exceptmewhocouldworkouttheproblem.MybestfriendJohnwantedtocopymyanswerandhethrewmeapieceofpaperaskingmetogivemyanswertohim.ThereliedhispaperofrequestinfrontofmebutIignoreditsoafterthetestwehadaquarrelandsincethen
④.
⑤soIexplainedtohimwhyIrefusedtogivehimmyanswerinthetestandwebecamegoodfriendsagain.答案ThereusedtobesomemisunderstandingbetweenmybestfriendJohnandme.herehappenedtobeaverydifficultprobleminthetestthereseemed/appearedtobenobodyherehasbeenagreatdistancebetweenusTheremustbesomemisunderstandingbetweenus第四讲并列句和状语从句的写作学法指导
一、并列句并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而乂独立的简单句构成在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句在实际短文写作中，使用并列句可以增加句式多样化，从而提高短文的弹性和可读性
二、状语从句在英语写作中，状语从句的运用也是高考英语高分作文的必需条件，所以考生必须学会并熟练运用状语从句状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词，由从属连词引导，可位于句首，也可位于主句后状语从句在句首时，往往用逗号把从句与主句隔开针对训练
一、用适当的连词填空Standoverthereandyoullbeabletoseetheoilpaintingbetter.Startoutrightawayoi7otherwiseyoullmissthefirsttrain.IworkedhardatEnglishanddevotedallmysparetimetopracticingEnglishbutIfailedtopassthemid-termexamination.About90lastnightIwasbusypreparingformytomorrowstestwhensuddenlyloudnoisescameintomyroom.HalfofthegirlschoosefilmandTVstarsastheiridolswhile48%oftheboysfavorspoilsstars.Howeversometimeswhenyoumeetsomedifficultieswhenyouquarrelwithothersorwhenyoufailindoingsomethingyoumayhaveabadmood.ImsorryyouvebeenwaitingsolongbutitllstillbesometimebeforeBriangetsback.Although/ThoughtheInternetisofgreathelpIdontthinkitsagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.Afterthewaranewschoolbuildingwasputupwheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.Allpeoplewhethertheyareoldoryoungrichorpoorhavebeencryingheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.
二、把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个并列句或含有状语从句的复合句Hewastired.Hewenttobed.Ourteachermustbeathome.Thedoorisopen.Heisconsideredtobeagoodwriter.Hisworksarenotwidelyread.Iwaswalkinginthestreet.Isawanoldfriendofmine.Youwillbelate.Youleaveimmediately.Takemoreexercise.Youllgetreallyfit.Wemuststudyhard.Knowledgeispower..Studentscanimprovetheirwritingabilityinthisway.Theycanstrengthentheirsclf-confidcncc.答案I.Hewastiredsohewenttobed./Becausehewastiredhewenttobed.Ourteachermustbeathomeforthedoorisopen.Heisconsideredtobeagoodwriterbuthisworksarenotwidelyread.IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawanoldfriendofmine.Youwillbelateunlessyouleaveimmediately.Takemoreexerciseandyoullgetreallyfit.Wcmuststudyhardbecauseknowledgeispower.Notonlycanstudentsimprovetheirwritingabilityinthiswaybuttheycanalsostrengthentheirself-confidence.
三、完成句子
1.andyoucandecidewhichoneisbettercompare比较这两份计划，你就可以判断哪一个好些解析从句子结构来看，考查点为并列句答案Comparethetwoplansbothboysdidwhatevertheycouldtohelptheirmotheras尽管他们年纪小，但两个男孩尽力地去帮助妈妈解析从句子结构和意义来看，考查状语从句答案YoungastheywereYoushouldtreatthemwithrespectnomatter.come无论他们来自那儿，你们都应该礼貌地待他们解析考杳nomatterwhere引导的状语从句答案wheretheycomefromHardlyhadhelefttheofficetoring.begin他刚离开办公室电话就开始响了解析考查状语从句答案whenthephonebeganWalkcarefullyontheice.fall在冰上行走时要当心，否则你会摔倒的解析考查并列句句型答案oryouwillfalldown
四、根据写作要求和内容，用适合的连词填入空格处每空一词，并背诵该范文请根据以下提示，结合你与同学交往中的一个事例，就容忍tolerance这一话题，用英语写一篇短文Tolerancemeansrespectingothersandvaluingdifferences.Itmatterswhenyoutrytogainfriendshipfromothers.注意
①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③内容必须结合校园交友中的一个事例；
④词数为120左右Toleranceisavirtueforeveryone.Beingtolerantmeanskeepinganopenmind
①treatingotherswithaheartfullofmercy.InfactIdidntrealizethesignificanceofbeingtolerant_
②_IhadafiercequarrelwithmybestfriendLily.Wehadbeengettingalongwellwitheachother_
③twoweeksagoLilymisunderstoodmeforsomething1didntknow_
④_avoidedtalkingwithme.Iwas_
⑤_angrythatIquarreledwithher.Thusweseparated.Ithoughtshewastoblamefbrthat.Havinglearnedthewholethingmymotheradvisedmetotalktoherfirst_®_neitherofuswouldfeelatease.Ifollowedheradvice
⑦nowweareascloseasbefore.Ithinkitsbeingtolerantthathashelpedmeregainourfriendship.答案
1.and
2.until
3.but
4.and
5.so
6.or
7.and
五、请根据短文逻辑，从所给的状语从句中选出适当的一个，放在短文的合适位置（注供给数多余应用数），并背诵该范文假设你是高中生李越，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写（toscribble）和乱丢垃圾（tlitler）的行为，请用英语给校长写一封120个词的信信中应包括以下内容.说明写信目的；.对这些行为进行批评；.提出建议注意信的抬头、落款及信得第一句已给出（不计词数）June82013DearMr.HeadmasterIamLiYueastudentfromClass1SeniorIIYoursfaithfullyLiYuethatIcanthelpwritingtoyoutoexpressmyangeriftheschooldemandsthatthosestudents（should）cleanuptheschooltoexperiencethecleaners5hardshipwheretheylitterevenifwehavebeencleaningthecampuswheneverIsee（hisAlthoughtherestandmanydustbinsinthecampusDearMr.HeadmasteramLiYueastudentfromClassI.SeniorII.Ifeelsoangryaboutsomebehaviorsdonebysomestudents
①.
②somestudentsstilllitteronthegroundwhichisreallytroublingthecleaners.Whatsworsesomestudentsevenscribbleonthewall!Ialwaysfeelashamed
③.Theseimproperbehaviorscanreallydoalotofharmtotheschoolsenvironmentaswellasitsimage.Iwouldappreciateit
④.Inadditionstudentsshouldbeencouragedtodevelopgoodhabitsandbehavethemselvesbetteratschool.Itwillbebestforyoutodeliveraspeechtocriticizethosebehaviors.Acleanandcomfortableenvironmentiscertaintohelpusstudybetter.Sotakesomemeasuressoonagainstthebehaviors.YoursfaithfullyLiYue答案
1.A
2.F
3.E
4.B第五讲定语从句的写作学法指导根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构，根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分定语从句在句中作定语修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出针对训练
一、把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句Ivealwayslongedforthedays.Iwillbeabletobeindependentthen.Ihaveafriend.Herfatherisanengineer.Theyplantedthetrees.Thetreesdidntneedmuchwater.TheywillflytoBeijing.TheyplantostayinBeijingfortwoorthreedays.Theysenttheelderlysomefruitscleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.Theelderlyalwaysfeellonely.答案
1.IvealwayslongedforthedayswhenIwillheabletobeindependent.Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisanengineer.Theyplantedthetreesthat/whichdidntneedmuchwater.TheywillflytoBeijingwheretheyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.Theysenttheelderlywhoalwaysfeellonelysomefruitscleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.
二、完成句子Manypatientsexpressedtheirsuccessfulexperience.encourage许多病人说出了他们成功的经历，这对他鼓励很大解析从句子结构来分析，考点为定语从句答案whichencouragedhimalot/greatlyThestorybeganabouttwoyearsago.hear故事开始于两年前，当时我们收到他的来信解析根据句子结构分析可知，考点为定语从句答案whenweheardfromhimyesterdaythemurdererhadbeensentencedtolifeinprisonreport正如昨天报道的那样，那名杀人犯已经被判处无期徒刑解析考查定语从句答案AswasreportedHeownshisownpublishingcompanythreebooksinlasttwoyearspublish他拥有自己的出版公司，通过公司他在最近两年中已经出版了三本书解析考查非限制性定语从句答案throughwhichhehaspublished第五档25-30分完全完成了试题规定的任务-一所有内容与提示吻合一-应用了较丰富的语法结构和词汇一语法结构与词汇应用准确，虽有个别错误，但不影响意义的表达具备较强的语言运用能力-恰当使用了语句间的连接成分，全文结构紧凑完全达到了预期的写作目的第四档完成了试题规定的任务19-24分--主要内容与提示吻合-应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求一语法结构与词汇应用基本准确，个别错误对意义的表达有一定影响-较恰当地使用了语句间的连接成分，全文结构较紧凑达到了预期的写作目的第三档13-18分基本完成了试题规定的任务一-主要内容与提示比较吻合---应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足任务的要求一一有一些语法结构与词汇的错误，对意义的表达有较大影响--基本能使用语句间的连接成分，全文结构比较松散整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的第二档7-12分仅完成试题规定的部分任务--主要内容与提示基本吻合-语法结构单调，应用词汇有限--有较多语法结构与词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达一语句间的连接成分运用不当，缺少连贯性信息未能清楚地传达给读者第一档1-6分未完成试题规定的部分任务-主要内容与提示不太吻合----语法结构单一，应用词汇十分有限-有较多语法结构或词汇方面的严重错误，严重影响了意义的表达；具备较强的语言运用能力--缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯信息未能传达给读者分未能传达给读者任何信息:内容太少，无法评判写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清（只有白卷汉语其他语言拼音才给分只要creation超过五个字给1分）。
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