精选05食品安全及应对试题版-2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题精选

2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题精选精选05食品安全及应对热点介绍随着经济的全球化，食品安全日益成为备受关注的热门话题近几年来，世界上一些国家和地区食品安全的恶性事件不断发生，随着食品加工过程中化学品和新技术的广泛使用，新的食品安全问题不断涌现尽管现代科技己发展到了相当水平，但食源性疾病不论在发达国家还是发展中国家，都没有得到有效的控制，仍然严重地危害着人民的健康，成为当今世界各国最关注的卫生问题之一民以食为天，食以安为先食品是人类赖以生存和发展的最基本的物质条件，食品安全涉及人类最基本权利的保障在我国国民经济中，食品工业占有重要的地位随着我国经济的不断发展，食品种类越来越丰富，产品数量供给充足有余，在满足食品需求供给平衡的同时，食品质量安全问题越来越突出假冒伪劣食品频频被曝光，危害消费者身体健康和生命安全的群发性事件时有发生，食品安全问题已成为全国消费者关注的焦点食品安全指食品无毒、无害，符合应当有的营养要求，对人体健康不造成任何急性、亚急性或者慢性危害根据倍诺食品安全定义，食品安全是“食物中有毒、有害物质对人体健康影响的公共卫生问题”题型精选

一、阅读理解1（

2022.贵州黔南.高三开学考试）Firstitwaspetsthenfish.Nowitschickensandpigs.Thelistofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.AnewEUlawpermittingtheuseofinsectproteininchickenandpigfeedcameintoforceearlierthismonthanimportantmilestoneforanindustrydeterminedtowormitswayintotheanimal-feedbusiness.Sinceabanonprocessedanimalproteinwascarriedoutin2001becauseofthemadcowdiseasesoybeanandfishmealhavebecomethebasisofanimalfeedinEurope.Buttheirproductionneedslotsofspaceandcanbeharmfultotheenvironmentsofeedproducersarelookingforotherways.Insectsarejusttheticket.Theyareraisedinfarmsthatrequirelittlelandorwaterandtheycanbefedonagriculturalby-productsorfoodwastesuchasrottingfruitandvegetables.They9realsoanaturalfit.Mostwildfishbirdsandpigseatinsects.Theonethinggoingagainstthemisprice.Insectproteinistwotothreetimesmoreexpensivethanfishmealandsoybean.Increasingproductionmayhelpreducethedifference.RabobankaDutchlenderpredictsthatglobalinsectproductionwillreach500000tonnesayearby2030upfromjust10000tonnescurrentlyandthatpriceswilltumble.Insectcompanieshaveworkedhardontheirbusiness.Researchsuggestsinsectsmaybemorethanmerefeedpromotinggrowthratesandimmunesystemsaswellasfillingstomachs.Theyalsooffertheprospect（前景）ofagreenlocalprotein.ThisyeartheEuropeanFoodSafetyAgencyhasruledthatthreespeciesofinsectsyellowmealwormlocustsandhousecricketsaresafeforhumanstoeataswell.Strangelypeopleseemlessinterestedintheideathanchickensandpigs.WhydidsoybeanandfishmealbecomelessandlesspopularA.Theycancause“madcow“disease.B.Theyareforbiddentoproduce.C.Theymaydoharmtoenvironment.D.Theyareagriculturalby-products.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tumble“inParagraph4probablymeanA.remainuncertainB.keepsteadyC.goupD.godownWhatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkaboutA.Theusagesofinsects.B.Thespeciesofinsects.C.Thecompaniesofinsects.D.Immunesystemsofinsects.WhatispeoplesattitudetowardtheinsectproteinA.Objective.B.Positive.C.Unconcerned.D.Curious.（2022•云南昆明•高三开学考试）Childrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturaltohuman-madeoptionsratingthemhigherfortastinesssafetyanddesirabilityastudyshows.ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudiedthepreferencesofmorethan374adultsandchildrenintheUnitedStateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldoftheirorigins.Inonestudy137childrenaged6to10yearsoldwereshownthreeapples.Theyweretoldonewasgrownonafarmonewasmadeinalabandanothergrownonatreeinsidealab.Adultstookpartinthesamestudytocompareagegroups.Bothchildrenandadultspreferredapplestheybelievedweregrownonfarmstothosegrowninlabsresearchersfound.Childrenweremorelikelytorefertofreshnessbeingoutsideorsunlightwhenconsideringwhytheychosethefarmapple.Adultsweremorelikelytomentionnaturalness.Inasecondstudy85childrenaged5to7yearsoldandagroupof64adultswereshownfourdifferentkindsoforangejuice-onedescribedassqueezedonafarmonewithnoinformationaboutitonewithchemicalsremovedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.Researchersfoundthattheinformationonthejuicesnaturalnesshadasignificanteffectonitsrating.Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemorenaturaloptionbasedonperceivedtastesafetyanddesiretoconsume.DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburghsSchoolofPhilosophyPsychologyandLanguageSciencessaidOverallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodispresentinchildhood.Thisresearchoffersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformedincludingwhethertheyaresociallylearnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.HowdidresearchersdrawtheirconclusionA.Bydoingexperiments.B.Byanalyzingreasons.C.Bytestingchildrenstastes.D.Bystudyingdifferentfruits.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthetwostudiesmentionedinthetextA.Adultspreferapplestoorangejuice.B.Chemicalsdoharmtoeatershealth.C.Naturalnessattractsdifferentagegroups.D.Labsarewherefruitscanbeeasilyplanted.WhafsDrWilksattitudetowardthestudyA.Doubtful.B.Tolerant.C.Uncaring.D.Positive.WhichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextA.WhichtoChooseApplesorOrangeJuiceWheretoGrowFruitsonFarmsorinLabsNaturalFoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildrenDifferentAgeGroupsShowDifferentPreferences3（2022•内蒙古・满洲里市教研培训中心三模）Sweeteners（甜味剂）areconsumedbymillionseverydayinproductslikedietsodapartlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar-buthowhealthythesesubstitutesarehaslongbeencontroversial.Toassessthecancerriskofsweetenersresearchersanalysedthedataofmorethan100000peopleinFrancewhoself-reportedtheirdietlifestyleandmedicalhistoryinintervalsbetween2009-

2021.“Theparticipantswhoconsumedthelargestamountofsweetenersbeyondthemiddleamounthadanincreasedcancerriskof13percentcomparedtonon-consumersjsaidMathildeTouvierresearchdirectoratFrancesINSERMinstitute.Thestudysaidthatahighercancerriskwasparticularlyseenwithsweetenersaspartame（阿巴斯甜）andacesulfamepotassium（安赛蜜），usedinmanysoftdrinksincludingCokeZero.Softdrinksaccountedformorethanhalfoftheartificialsweetenersconsumedwhiletable-topsweetenersrepresented29percent.Thestudyfoundthat“higherriskswereobservedforbreastcancerandobesity-relatedcancers”.Touviersaid“wecannottotallyexcludebiaseslinkedtothelifestyleofconsumers”callingforfurtherresearchtoconfirmthestudysresults.TheUSNationalCancerInstituteandCancerResearchUKbothsaythatsweetenersdonotcausecancerandtheyhavebeenauthorisedforusebytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority.MichaelJonesofTheInstituteofCancerResearchLondonsaidthatthelinkreportedinthestudywas“notproofthatartificialsweetenerscausecancer”.Hesaidthefindingscouldsuggestthat“cancerriskmayberaisedinthetypeofpersonwhousesartificialsweetenerratherthanthesweeteneritself.”Thursdaysfindingsalsodonotmeanconsumersshouldrushbacktosugarydrinks-aformerstudyfoundthattheywerealsolinkedtoahigherriskofseveralcancertypes.WhydopeopleprefertochooseproductswithsweetenersTheseproductsarecheapinprice.Sweetenersusedinthemaretotallysafe.C.Sweetenersinthemhelppeoplenottoputonweight.D.Theseproductshavebettertastethanthosewithsugar.WhatcanwelearnaboutthestudyScientistsmainlyfocusonsweetenersusedinsoftdrinks.Thefindingswerenotsupportedbyallscientistsandinstitutes.Thedatawascollectedonalargescalefornomorethantenyears.Theintakeofsweetenerscanleadto13%participantsfacingcancerrisk.WhichofthefollowingwouldMichaelJonesagreewithArtificialsweetenersshouldntbeusedcautiously.Drinkingmuchdietsodawillbringinlowerriskofcancer.Peopleshouldtakeinfoodwithsugarinsteadofsweeteners.Cancerriskmayhavemuchtodowiththelifestyleofpeople.WhatisthebesttitleforthetextSweetenersincreasingcancerrisk:notforsureThefutureofemployingartificialsweetenersTimetorushbacktosugarydrinksAlarge-scalestudyonsweeteners42022•天津市新华中学模拟预测“InonlysixdaysIlostsevenpoundsofweight.”Twofullinchesinthefirstthreedays!”Thesearethekindsofstatementsusedinmagazinenewspaperradioandtelevisionadspromisingnewshapesandnewlookstothosewhobuythemedicineorthedevice.Thepromotersofproductssaytheycanshapethelegsslimthefacesmoothwrinklesorinsomeotherwaytoaddtobeautyordesirability.Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfortheirpromoters.Theresultstheyproducearequestionableandsomearedangeroustohealth.Tounderstandhowtheseproductscanbelegallypromotedtothepublicitisnecessarytounderstandsomethingofthelawscoveringtheirregulation.IftheproductisadrugFDAFoodandDrugAdministrationcanrequireproofundertheFoodDrugandCosmeticActthatissafeandeffectivebeforeitisputonthemarket.ButiftheproductisadeviceFDAhasnoauthoritytorequirepremarketingproofofsafetyoreffectiveness.IfaproductalreadyonthemarketisadangertohealthFDAcanrequesttheproducerordistributortoremoveitfromthemarketvoluntarilyoritcantakelegalactionincludingseizure（查封）oftheproduct.OnenotablecaseafewyearsagoinvolvedanelectricaldevicecalledtheRelaxacisorwhichhadbeensoldforreducingthewaistline（要围）.TheRelaxacisorproducedelectricalshockstothebodythroughcontactpads.FDAtooklegalactionagainstthedistributortostopthesaleofthedeviceonthegroundsthatitwasdangeroustohealthandlife.Obviouslymostofthedevicesonthemarkethaveneverbeenthesubjectofcourtproceedings（法律诉讼）andnewdevicesappearcontinually.Beforebuyingitisuptotheconsumertojudgethesafetyoreffectivenessofsuchitems.Itcanbeinferredthatadsmentionedinthetextare.A.objectiveB.costlyC.illegalD.unreliableWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetextThecourtisinchargeofremovingdangerousproduct.Newproductsaremorelikelytobequestionable.Thepromotersusuallyjustcareaboutprofits.TheproductionofadevicemustbeapprovedbyFDA.FDAcanaskfortheproofofsafetyandeffectivenessofaproduct.A.ifitisadeviceB.ifitisadrugC.ifitsconsumersmakecomplaintsD.ifitsdistributorschallengeFDAsauthority

16.Theauthorintendsto.makeconsumersawareofthepromoters9falsepromisesshowtheweaknessofthelawonproductsafetygiveadviceonhowtokeepyoungandbeautifulintroducetheorganizationofFDA

二、七选五（2022•山东・济南市历城第二中学模拟预测）WhyDoesFoodTasteBadOnAirplanesHowmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtastelessAccordingtopopularlyacceptedstudiesthereasonmightbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste17Lefsgetintotheactualdetailsbeforeyougetoffended.TheCabinAiris15%DrierThantheAirontheGroundTomaintainthepressureinsidethecabinairlinesmustcloselyregulatetheairinsideinvolvingchangingitscomposition.Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.18Inanenvironmentlikethisyourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway.ThePressureInsidetheCabinisLowerThanontheGroundInthepressurizedcabinapassengersbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavities（鼻腔）swell.Theswellingmesseswithourtastebudsmakingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuchconditionsfeelsinceweveallfoughtcoldsinthepast.1920Badfoodcantbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabinconditionstoo.Ifsalsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.Duetofoodsafetystandardsallmealsmustbecookedonthegroundandunbreakable.SuchrequirementsformassproductiondefinitelytiesdowntheChefshands.Whatcanbedone21Apparentlychefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyoneneedstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound.Themethodoffoodproductionisdifferent.Themassproductionoffoodistoblame.Insomecasesitsevendrierthancertaindeserts.Asickpersonisfarfromthebestjudgeoffoodquality.Thatmakesitourbodysfaultratherthantheairlines.Butthatdoesntmeanmealsservedonairplanescanttastejustasgood.Basicallywecantusethesamerecipesforairlinemealsthatwewoulduseontheground.

三、完形填空（2022•上海市松江二中高三阶段练习）Thebeautymajestyandtimelessnessofaprimaryrainforestareindescribable.Itisimpossibleto22onfilmtodescribeinwordsortoexplaintothosewhohaveneverhadtheawe-inspiringexperienceofstandingintheheartofaprimaryrainforest.Rainforestshave23overmillionsofyearstoturnintotheincrediblycomplexenvironmentstheyaretoday.Rainforestsrepresentastoreoflivingand24renewablenaturalresourcesthatforagesbyvirtueoftheirrichnessinbothanimalandplantspecieshave25awealthofresourcesforthesurvivalandwell-beingofhumankind.Theseresourceshaveincludedbasicfoodsuppliesclothingshelterfuelspicesindustrialrawmaterialsandmedicineforallthosewhohavelivedinthemajestyoftheforest.

26.theinnerdynamicsofatropicalrainforestisanintricate（错综复杂的）andfragilesystem.Everythingisso27thatupsettingonepartcanleadtounknowndamageorevendestructionofthewhole.Sadlyithastakenonlyacenturyofhumaninterventiontodestroywhatnaturedesignedto28forever.Thescaleofhuman29onecosystemseverywherehasincreasedenormouslyinthelastfewdecades.Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.Consumptionofeverythingontheplanethasrisen-atacostofour

30.In2001TheWorldResourcesInstituteestimatedthatthedemandforricewheatandcornisexpectedtogrowby40%by2020increasingirrigationwaterdemandsby50%ormore.Theyfurtherreportedthatthedemandforwoodcoulddoublebytheyear2050;

3、itisstillthetropicalforestsoftheworldthatsupplythebulkoftheworldsdemandfbrwood.In1950about15percentoftheEarthslandsurfacewascoveredbyrainforest.Todaymorethanhalfhasalreadygoneupin

32.Infewerthanfiftyyearsmorethanhalfoftheworldstropicalrainforestshavefallen33tofireandthechainsawandtherateofdestructionisstillaccelerating.Unbelievablymorethan200000acresofrainforestareburnedeveryday.Thatismorethan150acreslosteveryminuteofeverydayand78millionacreslosteveryyear!Morethan20percentoftheAmazonrainforestisalreadygoneandmuchmoreisseverelythreatenedasthedestructioncontinues.ItisestimatedthattheAmazonaloneisvanishingatarateof20000squaremilesayear.Ifnothingisdonetocurb（抑制）this34theentireAmazoncouldwellbegonewithinfiftyyears.Massive35bringswithitmanyuglyconsequences—airandwaterpollutionsoilerosionmalariaepidemicsthereleaseofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphereandthe36ofbiodiversitythroughextinctionofplantsandanimals.Fewerrainforestsmeanlessrainlessoxygenforustobreatheandanincreasedthreatfromglobalwarming.A.maintainB.captureC.claimD.proveA.changedB.evolvedC.expandedD.existedA.energizingB.healingC.isolatingD.breathingA.contributedB.storedC.reducedD.affectedA.HoweverB.FurthermoreC.ThereforeD.OtherwiseA.restoreB.supportC.reviveD.lastA.pressureB.powerC.concernD.strengthA.existenceB.ecosystemC.planetD.survivalA.unfortunatelyB.consequentlyC.naturallyD.similarlyA.storeB.foodC.smokeD.wealthA.subjectB.downC.apartD.victimA.trendB.practiceC.increaseD.attitudeA.protectionB.industrializationC.modernizationD.deforestationA.appearanceB.explosionC.lossD.increase序号题型主要内容1阅读理解欧盟允许重新使用昆虫饲料喂养动物并鼓励人类食用昆虫2阅读理解研究表明孩子们更有可能喜欢天然的食物3阅读理解实验结果表明甜味剂增加癌症风险是不确定的4阅读理解消费者要注意判断产品推广是否是真实的5七选五机上食物尝起来没有味道的原因6完形填空雨林的消失产生了多个恶果。