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SectionIHGrammar一非限制性定语从句课前自主领梧KEQIANZIZHULINGWU语法图解「非限制性定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开—一L非限制性定语从句的先行词—引导非限制性定语从句的关系词TF代词L关系副词-as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别L限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别探究发觉用适当的连接词填空XieLeiwhois21yearsoldhasetoouruniversitytostudyforabusinessqualification.Sheishalfwaythroughthepreparationyearwhichmostforeignstudentspletebeforeapplyingforadegreecourse.Youhavetogetusedtoawholenewwayoflifewhichcantakeupallyourconcentrationinthebeginning.Livingwithhostfamiliesinwhichtheremaybeothercollegestudentsgivesherthechancetolearnmoreaboutthenewculture..HewantedtoknowwhatIthoughtwhichconfusedmebecauseIthoughtthattheauthorofthearticleknewfarmorethanIdid.[我的发觉]⑴以上句子皆为非限制性定语从句从句与主句之间用逗号隔开
(2)非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之中(如句1)前后有逗号隔开也可以置于主句之后(如句
2、
3、
4、5)o
(3)非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词(如句
1、
2、
3、4)也可指代整个正包的内容(如句5)oKETANGYAODIANJINGXI
一、非限制性定语从句的特点.非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开,是对先行词的附加说明,如去掉句子剩余局部的意思仍旧完整Thechildrenwhowantedtohaveajourneyweredisappointedwhenthejourneywascancelled.那些想旅行的孩子都因旅行的取消而感到绝望Thattheywillgetmarriedwhichhasnotbeenannouncedhasspreadaround.他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布,却已经被传得沸沸扬扬.非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词,也可为整个句子或其中一局部,且常译成并列的分句WellgraduateinJulywhenwewillbefree.(先行词为名词)我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了Heoftenestoschoollatewhichmakeshisteacherangry.(先行词为主句的内容)他常常上课迟到,这使得他的老师很生气[即时演练1]补全句子
①(2017•天津高考改编)MyeldestsonwhoseworktakeshimallovertheworldisinNewYorkatthemoment.我的大儿子现在在纽约,他的工作带他去世界各地
②(2016•江苏高考改编)Manyyoungpeoplemostofwhomwerewell-educatedheadedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年轻人,他们中的大多数受到了良好的教育,都到偏远地区去追赶自己的幻想
③(2016•浙江高考改编)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytearsconeofwhichhasbeenproved.就人类为什么哭科学家提出来很多理论,但没有一项理论得到过证明
④(2016•天津高考改编)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.我们将会把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周,那个时候天气可能会更好一些
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词.关系代词which指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;who/whom指人,who在从句中作主语,而whom在从句中作宾语;as既可指人也可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whose既可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语Hewasntunconsciousascouldbejudgedfromhiseyes.他并未失去知觉,这从他的眼神可以推断出来Mr.Kingwhoselegswerebadlyhurtwasquicklytakentohospital.金先生的腿受了重伤,他很快就被送去医院了.关系副词when指代时间,在从句中充当时间状语,可与“介词+which互换;where指代地点在从句中充当地点状语,可与“介词+which〃互换WewillputofftheoutinguntilnextSundaywhen/onwhichwewon*tbesobusy.我们把郊游推迟到下个星期天,那时我们就不会那么忙了Yesterdaytheywentouttohaveapicnicintheparkwhere/inwhichtheyhadagoodtime.昨天,他们出去在公园里野餐了,在那里他们玩得很快乐[名师点津]1非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数⑵非限制定语从句中,不用why引导,用forwhich代替whyHehasbeenbusywithhisworkthewholeholidaywhichhasmadehisgirlfriendunhappy.他一整个假期都忙于工作,这令他的女伴侣很生气Thereasonforwhichhewasabsentfromthemeetingwasntgiven.他为何缺席会议,没有给出任何理由[即时演练2]用恰当的关系词填空
①ZhouQiasyouknowisanexcellentbasketballplayer.
②IwishtothankProfessorSmithwithoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.
③2017•浙江高考改编WhenthewarwasnearAliawasworriedthatthefiresofwarwoulddestroythebookswhicharemoreprecioustoherthanmountainsofgold.©Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnaturewhoforsomereasonhadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区分Asweallknowtheearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转Thesingeraswasexpectedachievedagreatsuccess.正如我们所期盼的,这位歌手取得了巨大胜利Catherinewillattendafriendsweddingwhichsheisbusypreparingfornow.凯瑟琳将参与一个伴侣的婚礼,现在她正在为此做预备[即时演练3]选词填空as/which
①2014・四川高考改编Untilnowwehaveraised50000poundsforthepoorchildrenwhichisquiteunexpected.
②(山东高考改编)Thereisnosimpleanswerasisoftenthecaseinscience.
③(江苏高考改编)ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChinawhichheremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.
④Asweallknowheisagiftedpianist.
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分Whenyoureachedthevillageyouwouldfirstfindahousewhosewindowsweremadeofwood.当你到达那个村庄时,你首先会发觉一座有着木窗的房子Theyenjoyedbeautifulsceneryinthemountainareawheretheyalsodidsomeclimbing.他们在这个山区观赏到了美景,在那里他们还做了些爬山运动[巧学助记]定从分类有微妙,限与非限看逗号;定前必有先行词,名代两类最相宜;定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系[即时演练4]将以下句子翻译成汉语
①(北京高考书面表达)1advisedthemtotakeBusNo.20whichcouldtakethemtheredirectly.我建议他们乘坐20路公交车,它能直接把他们带到那里
②Thenetizens(网民)whodontvoicetheiropinionsaccountfortenpercent.没有发表观点的网民占百分之十课后强化训练I.用适当的关系词填空ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeverydayasdomanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.WheneverImetherwhichwasfairlyoftenshegreetedmewithasweetsmile.Shehasbeenabsentagainasisexpected.Thefamousfootballerinwhosehonourapartywillbeheldistoarrivethisafternoon.Asisreportedinthenewspaperaseriousaccidenthashappenedrecently.Theownerpaidtheworkerforcleaningthewholebuildingmostofwhichhadntbeencleanedforatleastonemonth.IshallneverforgetthoseyearswhenIlivedinthecountrywiththefarmerswhichhasagreateffectonmylife.Herfatherworksinafactorywherehemakescars.Theoldladyhastwodaughtersoneofwhomisworkingabroad.Thisisoneofthereasonswhyyouhavetogiveitup.n.单句写作用定语从句补全句子Theylivedinatallbuildinginfrontof_whichstoodabigtree.stand他们住在一个高楼里,在楼的前面耸立着一棵大树Thereare60peopleinthegrouphalfofLwhomare.migrantworkers.whom这群人共有60人,其中一半的人是农夫工Letsfixthedateforourappointmentwhenwewilldiscussthemattei\discuss让我们为我们的约会定个日期,届时我们将谈论这件事Heturnedouttobeverysuccessfulwhichwasbryondourexpectation.beyond结果他很胜利,这超出了我们的期望.Thevillageisnotthesameoneasitusedtobe.as这个村庄不再是它过去的样子Thethreesonsnoneofwhomisqdoctorhaveallachievedgreatsuccess.none这三个儿子都已取得巨大胜利,他们当中没有一个是医生Heenteredacafeoneday10yearsagoinwhichhefirstmethiswife.which十年前的一天他走进了一家咖啡馆,在那里他第一次遇到他的妻子Marywhoismybestfriendwilletoseemetomorrow.who玛丽明天会来看我,她是我最好的伴侣SheboughtsomeclothyesterdaywithwhichshewasgoingJomakeadvess.with昨天她买了些布,她准备用这些布做一件裙子.Thetouristwasstandingonthetopofthebuildingwherehecouldenjoythebeautifulview.enjoy游客站在楼顶上,在那里他能够观赏到漂亮的风景in.用适当的连词或关系词完成短文Nat
1.whowastenyearsoldlivedinasmalltowninEngland.HealwaysstayedinEnglandforhisholidays
2.butonedayhedecidedtogotoSpain
3.whereallhisfriendslikedtogofortheirholidays.FirsthewenttoMadrid
4.whichistheSpanishcapitalandstayedinasmallhotel.Onthefirstmorninghewentoutforawalk.InEnglandpeopledriveontheleft.ButinSpaintheydriveontheright
5.whichheforgot.
6.Whilehewaswalkingalongabusystreetabike
7.which/thatcamebeforehimknockedhimdown.Natwassenttothehospitalin
8.whichthegirl
9.who/thatrodethebikesaidsorrytohim.AftertwodaysNatleftSpainandreturnedtoEngland.Hetoldhisfriendsthathewouldn*tforgetthedays
10.whenhestayedinSpain.aswhich指代引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容,也可指代主句的一局部位置可位于主句之前,之中或之后引导从句不能置于主句之前思义正如这那功能连接上下文,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的依据或出处等引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句意义起限定作用,指特定的人或物,从句不行省略,否那么原句句意不完整仅作补充或说明,假设去掉从句,主句意思完整结构要求紧跟先行词,从句与先行词之间不加逗号用逗号与先行词或主句隔开功能修饰先行词修饰先行词或整个主句引导词全部的关系代词及副词关系代词或关系副词,但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外。