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2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练
(6)Roachestotherescue蜂螂救援队主题语境人与社会主题语境内容科学与技术【外刊原文】(斜体单词为超纲词汇认识即可;下划线单词为课标词汇需熟记)Whygotoal1thetroubleofdesigningandbuildingadrone(无人机)ifnciturehasalreadydonemostofthejobforyouThatistheattitudetcikenbythesmallbutdeterminedbandofresearcherswhoaretryingtorobotise(机械化)insects.Someareworkingonturninginsectslikebeetles(甲虫)intosuchcyborgs(半人半机器的生物)一perhapsforuseinmilitaryinspectionorspying.Othersprefertoconcentrateonthefearfulsideofentomology(昆虫学)bytakingelectroniccontrolofcockroaches(蟒螂).Thefirstcyber-roach(赛博蝉螂)goesbackto1997whenShimoyamaIsaoofTokyoUniversitysentelectricalsignalstoacockroachsantennae(触角)causingittoturneitherleftorrightdependingonwhichantennawasstimulated.Othershavebuiltonthisapproachbyrecruitingextrasenseorganssuchastherear-facingcerci(后向尾须).Theyhavealsobegunfittingtheinsectswithinstrumentpacksthatmightletthemdoausefuljob:searchingcollapsedbuildingsforsurvivors.OnesuchisSatoHirotakaofNanyangTechnologicalUniversityinSingapore.Hehasbeenworkingoncyber-inscctsfor15years.Nowhehasaddedanothertwisttocyber-roaches.Insteadofhavingtheirmovementsdictatedbyremotecontrolhisareautonomousagents.Theyarerunbyalgorithms(算法)thatresponddirectlytosensorsintheirbackpacks.TheinsectsthusfittedoutbyDrSatoareMadagascarhissing(发声)cockroacheswhichareabout6cmlong.Thebackpackscontainacommunicationschipacarbon-dioxidesensoramotionsensoraninfrared(红外线)cameraandatinybattery.Releasedintotherubble(碎石)tocrawltheirwaythroughwhilesearchingforsignsoflifesuchasmovementbodyheatandhigherC02levelsfrombreathing.Theartificialintelligencethatdecideswhetherasetofsignalsactuallyindicatethepresenceofahumanbeingisprogrammeddirectlyintothecamera.Ifitthinksithasspottedsomeoneitalertsarescuer.TotestthisarrangementDrSatoandhisteamrantrialsinasimulateddisasterzone.Theylaidoutconcreteblocksofvariousshapesandsizesinanareaof25squaremetres.Amongthesewereanumberofpeopleandalsosomedecoys(诱饵)suchasaheatlampamicrowaveovenandalaptop.Theythenreleasedthecyber-roacheshavingfirstprogrammedintothemthesearchsstartandendpoints.Thesoftwareprovedabletorecognisehumanscorrectly87%ofthetimeasuccessrateDrSatothinkscouldbeimprovedstillfurtherbycollectingmultipleimagesfromdifferentangles.Thenextphaseoftheprojectistorefinethesystemforuseoutofdoors.Thatdonemanufactureofthebackpacksandautomationoftheirattachment(附加装置)totheinsectswillneedtobecommercialised(商业化).allgoeswellDrSatopredictstheresultcouldbeavailableforusewithinfiveyears.【课标词汇】design设计;制(图);意图,打算Whodesignedthisbuilding/dress/furnitur?是谁设计这座建筑物/这款裙子/这套家俱?ThisdictionaryisdesignedforadvancedlearnersofEnglish.本词典是为高级英语学习者编写的Thesemeasuresaredesignedtoreducepollution.采取这些措施旨在减低污染determined下定决心的,坚决的,决意的rmdeterminedtogetthispieceofworkfinishedtoday.我决心今天完成这项工作Hewasdeterminedthatthesamemistakeswouldnotberepeated.他决心不重蹈覆辙military军事的;军用的•militarytargets/forces军事目标/力量•militaryuniform军装Wemayhavetotakemilitaryaction.我们可能不得不采取军事行动spy从事间谍活动;秘密收集情报HewaschargedwithspyingonBritishmilitarybases.他被指控刺探英国军事基地情报EastandWestarestillspyingononeanother...东西方仍在互相进行间谍活动concentrateon集中(注意力);聚精会神Idecidedtoconcentrateallmyeffortsonfindingsomewheretolive.我决定全力以赴找个住的地方Idecidedtoconcentrateallmyeffortsonfindingsomewheretolive.我决定全力以赴找个住的地方electronic电子的;电子器件的anelectroniccalculator电子计算器electronicmusic电子音乐Thisdictionaryisavailableinelectronicform.本词典有电子版本dependon由…决定,取决于Hewasthesortofpersonyoucoulddependon.他这个人你是可以信赖的Idon*twanttodependtoomuchonmyparents.我不想过度依靠父母stimulate激发,激励;促进Herinterestinartwasstimulatedbyherfather.她对艺术的兴趣是她父亲激发的Aninspiringteachercanstimulatestudentstosucceed.一位具启发能力的教师能够激励学生取得成功recruit招聘,吸收;招收(新成员)Evenyoungboysarenowbeingrecruitedintothearmy.就连很小的男孩子都被征召入伍了WerehavingdiCficultyrecruitingenoughqualiTiedstaff.我们难以招聘到足够的合格职员fit安置;安装Shesbeenfittedwithanartificialleg.她装了一条义肢Theroomswereallfittedwithsmokeakirms.所有的房间都安装了烟雾报警器collapse(由于压力、无力或缺乏支持而)倒塌,坍塌,崩溃,垮掉Thousandsofbui1dingscollapsedintheearthquake.数以千计的建筑物在地震中倒塌了Thechaircollapsedunderherweight.椅子承受不了她的重量散架了twist转动,旋转;缠绕,盘绕;曲解,歪曲Thepathtwistsandturnsforoveramile.这条小路弯弯曲曲长达一英里多Shesattherenervouslytwistingtheringaroundonherfinger.她紧张地坐在那里,不停转着手指上的戒指Shetwistedherhead(round)soshecouldseewhatwashappening.她扭过头来想看看发生了甚么事Youretwistingmywords-thatsnotwhatIsaidatall.你在扭曲我的话我根本不是那样说的dictate命令,下令;决定,规定IwantedtotakeayearoffbutmyfinancialsituationdictatedthatIgotajob.我想休息一年,但我的经济状况迫使我必须工作Thetennisclubrulesdictatethatsuitablefootwearmustbewornonthecourts.网球俱乐部的规则规定上场必须穿适当的运动鞋autonomous地方或机构自治的;有自主能力的,自主的;GaliciaisanautonomousregionofSpain.加利西亚是西班牙的一个自治区Hetreatedusasautonomousindividualswhohadtolearntomakeupourownmindsaboutimportantissues.他把我们当作独立自主的个体来看待,认为我们必须学会在重大问题面前自己拿主意communication交流;沟通;交际;传达;传播;通讯Televisionisanincreasinglyimportantmeansofcommunication.电视是一种日益重要的传播工具Theresverylittlecommunicationbetweenmotheranddaughter=theydonothaveagoodrelationship.母亲和女儿之间沟通很少motion动;运动;移动Donotalightwhilethetrainisstillinmotion=moving.列车未停稳时不要下车TherockingmotionoftheboatmadeSylviafeelsick.小船晃来晃去使西尔维娅感到恶心release释放,放走;放开,松开Theoperationreleasedhimfromyearsofpain.手术使他摆脱了多年的病痛Thebearsareeventuallyreleasedintothewild.这些熊最后被放回野生环境crawl缓慢移动;艰难前行;爬行;匍匐前进Thechildcrawledacrossthefloor.那个孩子爬过了地板Thelorrycrawlednoisilyupthehi
11.货车轰轰隆隆吃力地爬上山坡searchfor查找,搜寻AnRAFplanesearchedforthemissingmen.一架皇家空军的飞机搜寻了那些失踪者Scientistsarestillsearchingforacure.科学家们仍在寻找对策artificialintelligence人工智能indicate表明,显示Thestudyindicatesaconnectionbetweenpovertyandcrime.研究显示贫穷和犯罪有关联Asurveyofretiredpeoplehasindicatedthatmostarcindependentandenjoyinglife...对退休人员的调查表明,大部分人都自食其力享受生活presence出席,在场;事物的存在,出现Hesusuallyquitepoliteinmypresence.在我面前他通常很有礼貌Iaskedyounottosmokeinmypresence.我叫你不要在我面前抽烟的spot看见,看出;注意到Thepolicespottedhimdrivingastolencar.员警发现他开着一辆偷来的车Isoonspottedwhatwaswrongwiththeprinter.我很快就发现了印表机的毛病出在哪里ThepolicewomanspottedthatIhadnttgotmyseatbeltonandsignalledmetostop.女警发现我没有系安全带,便示意我停车alert机警的,机敏的,敏捷的I*mnotfeelingveryalerttoday-notenoughsleeplastnight!今天我感觉特别迟钝一一昨晚没睡好!Parentsshouldbealerttosuddenchangesinchildrensbehaviour.父母应该对孩子行为的突然变化有所警觉arrangement安排;筹划;准备工作Theydmadeallthearrangementsfortheparty.他们为聚会作好了一切准备rveagreedtohelpwitharrangementsfortheparty.我答应帮着准备聚会
26.trial试验;试用Theyveemployedherforasix-monthtrialperiod.他们录用了她,试用期为六个月Therobotshavebeenontrialforthepastyear...这些机器人过去一年都在试用当中simulate类比,模仿;假装,伪装Incheapfurnitureplasticisoftenusedtosimulatewood.廉价家俱经常用塑胶冒充木材Somedrivingteachersusecomputerstosimulate=representdifferentroadconditionsforlearnerstopractiseon.有些驾驶教练用电脑类比不同的路况供学员练习prove证明是,结果是Theoperationprovedacompletesuccess.这场手术结果是大成功Thenewtreatmenthasprovedtobeadisaster.这种新疗法的结果是一场灾难recognize认出;认识;辨认出;正式承认,认可Ididntrecognizeyouinyouruniform.你穿上制服我认不出你了Hedidnotthinkshecouldrecognizehiscarinthesnow...他觉得她在雪天里认不出他的车子Itwasrecognizedthatthissolutioncouldonlybetemporary.人们意识至lj这只是个临时的解决方案improve改进;改善Hedidalottoimproveconditionsforfactoryworkers.他为改善工厂工人的工作条件做了许多工作Herhealthhasimproveddramaticallysinceshestartedonthisnewdiet.自从开始这种新的饮食,她的健康状况大为改善phase(发展或变化的)阶段,时期duringthefirst/next/lastphase在第一/下一/最后阶段theinitial/finalphaseoftheproject工程的初始/最后阶段acritical/decisivephase关键性/决定性阶段Wcreenteringanewphaseininternationalrelations.我们现正进入国际关系的新阶段refine改进;完善;使精炼Carmakersarcconstantlyrefiningtheirdesigns.汽车制造商在不断完善他们的设计Surgicaltechniquesareconstantlybeingrefined.外科手术的技术不断得到完善
33.manufacture(通常指工厂利用机械大量)制造,(大批)生产Heworksforacompanythatmanufacturescarparts.他在一家生产汽车零件的公司工作【课标词汇精练】根据语境,从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整IneveragreedtoagainsttheUnitedStates.Youshouldyoureffortsonpassingtheseexams.Thecommunityontheshippingindustryforitssurvival.Goodteachersshouldaskquestionsthatstudentstothink.Withanhour*swalktothenearesttelephoneisdifficult.Theyshowedthegoalagaininslow.Policearrestedseveralmenwhowerelater.CharitiessuchasOxfamarealwaystryingvolunteerstohelpintheirwork.Thisrangeofclothingisspeciallyforshorterwomen.Shessuretogetthejobshewants-she*saveryperson.Hedisagreeswiththegovernmentwhatchildrenaretaughtinschools.Theyproudlydeclaredthemselvespartofanewprovince.Theinjuredsoldiertosafety.Engineersspentmanymonthsthesoftware.Theyasmokealarmtotheceiling.Hethoughthiswholeworldwhenhiswifedied.Thisreportshowshowshethetruthtoclaimsuccesseswherenoneinfactexisted.Theyforaspotwheretheycouldsitonthefloor.Researchthatover81%ofteachersaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalary.Thegovernmenthasthreatenedtotakeactioniftherebelsdonotwithdrawfromthearea.BritishmedicalqualificationsinCanada.IthoughtthebestwaytomyFrenchwastoliveinFrance.weremadetomovetheprisonerstoanotherjail.They*rcdoingclinicalonanewdrug.RuthpleasureatseeingSimonbutreallyshewishedhehadntcome.Hewasdeterminednottocomplainintheofthenurse.Ifyouanymistakesinthearticlejustmarkthemwithapencil.Acoupleofreaderswroteintothepaperpointingoutthemistake.Thedisputeoverthesongrightsimpossibletoresolve.Keys:spy我从来没有答应去当间谍刺探美国的情报concentrate你应该集中精力通过这些考试depends这个社区靠航运业维持生活stimulate好的老师应该问一些能激发学生思考的问题communicalion到最近的电话亭要走一个小时,通讯极为不便motion他们用慢动作又播了一次进球画面released警察逮捕了几个人,后来都释放了torecruit诸如牛津饥荒救济委员会这样的慈善组织总是在尽力吸收志愿者来帮助他们工作designed这系列服装是专为身材较矮的女性设计的determined她肯定会得到她想要的那份工作一一她是个意志很坚定的人dictating他不同意由政府来决定孩子在学校学习哪些课程autonomous他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的•部分crawled受伤的士兵慢慢爬向安全的地方refining工程师们花了数月来完善这个软体fitted他们把烟雾报警器安装在天花板上hadcollapsed妻子去世后他觉得自己的整个世界都坍塌了twisted这份报告表明她扭曲事实,她所宣称的那些成就其实根木不存在searched他们在地板上寻找一处能够坐下的地方indicates研究结果显示超过81%的教师对他们的薪水不满意military政府警告,如果叛乱分子不从该地区撤出,就要采取军事行动arerecognized英国的行医资格在加拿大得到认可improve我认为提高我的法语水准的最好办法是到法国生活Arrangements己经作出安排将犯人转至另一监狱trials他们正在对一种新药进行临床试验simulated看见西蒙,露丝假装很高兴,可是实际上她希望他没来presence他决定不当着那位护士的面抱怨spot如果你发现文章中有错误,请用铅笔标出来alerl有几个眼尖的读者给报社写信,指出了这个错误proved结果是,有关歌曲版权的争论根本无法解决【译文】如果大自然已经为你做了大部分工作,为什么还要大费周章地去设计和制造无人机呢?这是一小群研究人员所持的坚定态度,他们正努力尝试使昆虫机械化有些研究人员正致力于把像甲壳虫这样的飞行动物变成赛博格昆虫一一可能用于军事侦察或间谍活动其他人通过控制婶螂,更多地专注于昆虫学中那些令人毛骨悚然的一类首只赛博螳螂出现在1997年,当时东京大学的下山我,ShimoyamaIsao通过电信号刺激蜂螂的触角,使其根据触角受到刺激而向左或向右转变方向其他人在这种方法的基础上也做了许多实验,刺激了不同的感觉器官,如后向尾须他们还开始给昆虫配备仪器包让它们做一件有意义的工作搜寻倒塌建筑物下的幸存者新加坡南洋理工大学的佐藤弘子SatoHirotaka就是其中员15年来,他一直致力于研究赛博昆虫.现在,他又对赛博螳螂进行了改进改进后的赛博螳螂的行动不是由遥控控制,而是由他们自主导航,通过算法直接对他们仪器包中的传感器下达指令佐藤博士给马达加斯加的发声螳螂配备了背包,这种嫦螂氏度达6厘米背包里包含一个通信芯片,一个二氧化碳传感器,一个运动传感器,一个红外摄像头和一节微型电池在废墟里执行搜救任务时,螳螂会被释放出来,一边爬行一边搜寻着生命的迹象,如身体的移动、体温和呼吸产生的高浓度二氧化碳研究人员给摄像机直接编入了一套人工智能程序,这样螳螂就能够判定•组信号是否真的能表明有人类存在如果婶螂认为有幸存者它就会向救援人员发出警报为了测试这一装置,佐藤博1•和他的团队在模拟灾区进行了试验他们在25平方米的区域内铺设了大小形状各不相同的混凝土块,并将很多人分散其中,还放置了一些“诱饵”,如加热灯、微波炉和笔记本电脑在程序中设置好搜索的起点和终点后,研究人员释放了这些赛博婶螂实验证明,该软件能够准确识别人类的概率为87%佐藤博士认为,通过从不同角度收集多幅图像,这一成功率还可以进一步提高该项目的下一步是改进系统,以便在户外使用这样一来,背包的制造与配备在昆虫身上的自动装置将会商业化佐藤博士预估,如果一切顺利的话,这项成果可以在五年内投入使用。