高考英语一轮复习01语法专题二第8课非谓语动词学案新人教版

第8课非谓语动词语法自测一一看高考怎么考单句语法填空（2020•新高考全国卷I）Aswellaslookingatexhibitsvisitorscanplaywithcomputersimulationsandimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalking（walk）througharainforest.（2020•全国卷I）ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang，e-4tofind（find）andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.（2020•全国卷n）Theyrepresenttheearthcoming（come）backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.（2020•全国卷H）Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimesdecorated（decorate）withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.（2020•全国卷II）Theyareeasytocare（care）forandmakegreatpresents.（2020•全国卷III）Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetouttofind（find）thewell-knownpainter.（2020•全国卷III）Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurrounding（surround）themountaintopshewasreducedtotears.（2020•浙江卷）Latertheylearnedtoworkwiththeseasonsplantingattherighttimeandindryareasmaking（make）useofannualfloodstoirrigate（灌溉）theirfields.（2019•全国卷I）Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980sandareexpensivetoperform（perform）consistentlyoveralargearea.（2019•全国卷H）A90-year-oldhasbeenawardedWomanOfTheYear”forbeing（be）Britain，soldestfull-timeemployee一stillworking40hoursaweek.（2019•全国卷H）Whenwegotacallsaying（say）shewasshort-listedwethoughtitwasajoke.（2019•全国卷II）Pickingupher^LifetimeAchievementvawardproudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplanstoretire（retire）fromher36-year-oldbusiness.namesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.解析在本题中，name为谓语动词，意为“选定；指定”找到谓语之后，可轻松推知此处应填非谓语动词，再由“study”与“conduct”之间是被动关系，可知应填过去分词作后置定语答案conducted技巧2找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系如果本句的主语或动词自带的逻辑主语与设空处是逻辑上的主谓关系主动关系，答案一般用现在分词；如果本句的主语或动词自带的逻辑主语与设空处是逻辑上的动宾关系被动关系，答案一般用过去分词[示例2]Jimhasretiredbuthestillremembersthehappytimespendwithhisstudents.解析根据句意并分析句子结构可知，thehappytime与spend是逻辑上的动宾关系且此处表示一个已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语答案spent技巧3判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序如果非谓语的动作比谓语先发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式thavedone/havingdone否则我们要用非谓语动词的一般式todo[示例3]Heisthoughtactfoolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.解析bethoughttodosth.表示“被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前，故用不定式的完成式答案:tohaveacted2019•全国卷HDOnourwaytothehouseitwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn，thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetgetthere.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.2019•浙江卷Butsomestudentsdidn，twanttowearweartheuniform.2019•天津卷改编Learninglearntothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday，schildrenwillneedforthefuture.2019•天津卷改编Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespeciallydesigneddesigntohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.2019•4匕京卷EarthDaymarkedmarkon22Aprilisanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.2019•1匕京卷NervouslyfacingfacechallengesIknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself2018•全国卷IYoudon，thavetorunfastorforlongtoseeseethebenefit.2018•全国卷IYoumaydrinksmokebeoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdyingdieearlybyrunning.2018•全国卷IIThegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimproveimprovewaterquality.2018•全国卷IIIIquicklylowermyselfduckingmyheadtoavoidlookinglookdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeelchallenged.2018•全国卷HIOncehismessagewasdeliveredheallowedmetostaystayandwatch.要点突破——知内容有哪些考点1非谓语动词的形式及意义/〃〃〃〃〃〃考点2非谓语动词作状语〃〃〃〃〃〃〃/〃〃

1.不定式作状语续表续表有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等也可以作定语续表［即时训练］单句语法填空OfferedofferanimportantroleinanewmovieAndyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.FacialrecognitiontechnologyisworkingwellattouristattractionsaroundChinareducingreducethetimepeoplespendstandinginlinesatentriesorsecuritycheck.Weshouldtakeimmediateactiontoprotectprotectourenvironment.Havingbeenlaughedlaughatforhismistakestheboywasashamedandembarrassed.考点3非谓语动词作定语〃〃〃〃〃〃〃/〃〃续表［即时训练］单句语法填空Wearepreparingforthemid-termexaminationtobeheldholdnextweek.HoweverinthearrangedarrangemarriagesoftheolddaysofChinatherewereindeedquitealotofbrideswhocriedovertheirunsatisfactorymarriageandeventheirmiserablelife.Thematterbeingdiscusseddiscussnowissoimportantthatitwillattracteveryone，sattention.考点4非谓语动词作宾语〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃/.不定式作宾语1只能接不定式作宾语的动词

（2）在某些动词如findthinkconsiderfeelmakebelieve后常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语.动名词作宾语

（1）只能接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbeoffended.我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他⑵由“动词+介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有⑶下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别:Whatapoormemory!Iforgotborrowingmoneyfromhimyesterday.ButtodayIforgottoreturnthemoneytohim.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他［即时训练］单句语法填空Therearemanyreasonswhycollegeanduniversitystudentsoftenfailtogetgetfullnightsofsleep.IstillremembervisitingvisitafriendwhodlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadntcookedonceinallthattime.Kateisveryshyandalwaysavoidsjoiningjoinschoolactivities.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt；byeatingeatmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.考点5非谓语动词作宾语补足语〃〃/〃〃〃〃［即时训练］单句语法填空Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingwinditswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.Hewassleepingwhenheheardhisnameshoutedshoutfromoutside.Somestudentsaremadetostaystayintheclassroomafterschoolbytheteacher.考点6非谓语动词作主语和表语/〃〃〃〃〃〃［即时训练］单句语法填空Itisgenerousofhimtocontributecontributesomuch.Itisnogoodcomingcomebeforethat.Hearinghearhowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.技巧点拨一一析典题如何考技巧1分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，就用非谓语动词［不例1］AstudyoftravelersconductbythewebsiteTripAdvisor非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式todotobedone表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式tobedoing/表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词和动名词一般式doingbeingdone表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done/与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成用法例句不定式作目的状语常位于句首或句中，形式上可用inordertodosoastodotodo等，但soastodo不能置于句首Inordertocalculatetheamountofpowerworkisdividedbytime.要计算功率的大小，可将功除以时间不定式作结果状语常用于too...todoenoughtoso/such...asto结构中only/justtodo常表小出乎思料的结果Tomtookataxitotheairportonlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空用法例句Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子不定式的主动形式表示被动意义结构“主语+be+todo”Thechairlooksratherhardbutinfactitisverycomfortabletositon.这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际坐上去很舒服句法功能用法例句作时间状语相当于whenwhileafter等引导的时间状语从句Havingheldadiscussionwiththeteacherswecametohaveabetterunderstandingoftheproblem.与老师讨论之后，我们对这个问题有了较深的理解作原因状语相当于assincebecause引导的原因状语从句Orderedoveraweekagothebooksareexpectedtoarriveatanytimenow.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货作条件状语相当于if引导的条件状语从句Workinghardandyouwillsucceed.只要工作努力，你就会成功作让步状语相当于thoughalthough等引导的让步状语从句Havingbeentoldmanytimeshestillrepeatedthesamemistake.虽然被告诉过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误句法功能用法例句作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，既可扩展为一个含并列谓语的简单句，也可扩展为一个并列句或定语从句Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjamthuscausingthedelay.他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，结果造成延误作方式或伴随状语表示与谓语动作同时发生的次要（或伴随）的动作，通常可扩展为并列分句Likeancientsailorsbirdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路独立成分例句generally/frankly/roughly/strictlyspeakingtalkingofspeakingofjudgingfrom/bytakingeverythingintoconsiderationcomparedto/withtobefranktotellyouthetruthtobe©JudgingfromhisaccentheisfromHongKong.从口音判断，他是香港人

②TotellyouthetruthIamalittletired.说实话，我有点累honesttomakethingsworse等构成例句名词/代词+分词Thetestfinished=Whenthetestwasfinishedwebeganourholiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了构成例句名词/代词+不定式Theysaidgood-byetoeachotheronetogohometheothertogotothebookstore.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式Withthetaskcompletedsuccessfullytheywenthomehappily.成功地完成任务后，他们高兴地回了家动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoherbutshecouldn，tfindanypapertowriteon.关系她突然想到了一个好主意，但是找不到纸把它写下来分词作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doingbeingdone和done0当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用beingdone；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用doneThehousebeingbuiltisfortheteachers.正在建的房子是给老师的（被动关系且动作正在进行）作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和donedoing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成boilingwater正沸腾的水boiledwater白开水动名词作定语动名词可置于名词前作定语表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能aswimmingpoor游泳池决心学会想希望，拒绝设法敢假装decide/determinelearnwantcxpcct/hopc/wish;refuse，managedarepretend主动答应选计划，同意请求未能帮一帮offerpromisechooseplan;agreeask/begfailhelp考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想considersuggest/adviselookforwardtoexcuse/pardon;admitdelay/putofffancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoidmisskeep/keeponpractice;denyfinishenjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡forbidimaginerisk;can，thelp（禁不住），mindallow/permitescapebe/getusedto（习惯于），lookforwardto（期盼），feellike（想要）insiston（坚持），getdownto（开始认真做某事），devote...to...（致力于）objectto（反对），stickto（坚持），giveup（放弃）等Itsquitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim今天很热你想去游泳吗？不定式作宾语补足语在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如askwantinvitegetforceexpectallowpersuadeorderwarnremindprefercausepermitforbidadviseteach等Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdrivingwemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择下列动词短语接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语一感feel二听hearlistento三使lethavemake五看seenoticeobservewatchlookat一帮助help但变为被动语态时需加toTheteachermadehimrepeatthesentence.-Ilewasmadetorepeatthesentence.老师让他重述一遍这个句子分词作宾语补足语感官动词短语seewatchobservelookatlistentonotice及keepfind等词可跟分词作宾语补足语现在分词宾语与宾补之间是主动关系；过去分词宾语与宾补之间是被动关系Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp听！你听到有人正在喊救命吗？haveget后可接现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语Beforedrivingintothecityyouarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车作主语不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“Itis/was+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.w结构中Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouaretherearetimeswhenitsbettertoremainsilent.不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好动名词短语作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，Itsnousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的作表语不定式作表语多表示一次具体的、特定的或待实现的动作Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是将来当一名医生分词作表语主语是人，通常用-ed形式的过去分词；主语是物，通常用-ing形式的现在分词

①Theresultoftheexperimentisencouraging.实验结果令人鼓舞

②Hegotveryexcitedwhenheheardthenews.听到这消息时，他非常兴奋。