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SectionHIGrammar一虚拟语气
（1）语法原句感知
①Haveyoueverwishedyoucouldpaintaswellasaprofessionalartist
②Ifyouwereanartistwhatkindofpictureswouldyoupaint
③Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscoverednoonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.©Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechniquewewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.自主探究
（1）
①句wish后的从句是对将来状况的虚拟，谓语动词用would/could+动词原形o⑵
②句是对现在状况的虚拟，从句用一般过去时主句用would/should/could/mightdo结构⑶
③句是对过去状况的虚拟，从句用过去完成吐主句用would/should/could/mighthavedone结构
（4）
④句是含蓄条件句的虚拟语气虚拟条件隐含在上下文中或通过withoutorbutotherwise等表示陪彼剧折］虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说的话不是事实，或者是不行能发生的状况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设虚拟条件句分为三类与现在事实相反的状况；与过去事实相反的状况；与将来事实相反的状况构成方式如下1与现在事实相反IfIwereyouIwould/should/might/couldtellhimthegoodnews.要是我是你，我就会告知他这个好消息事实上我不是你Ifshehadenoughmoneyshewould/might/could/shouldbuyaputer.假如她有足够的钱，她就去买一台电脑事实她没有足够的钱.与过去事实相反Ifthekidshadbeenwarnednottoswiminthelaketheyshouldhaveavoidedthetragedy.假如有人警告孩子们不要在湖里游泳，他们就应当能够防止悲剧事实上没有人警告孩子们Ifyouhadtakenmyadviceyouwouldnthavefailedintheexam.假如你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格事实上你根本没听我的.与将来事实相反IfIbecame/weretobee/shouldbeeascientistinthefutureIwouldtrytofindacureforcancer.假如将来我能成为一名科学家，我会尽力找到治疗癌症的药方Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrowwewouldntgohiking.假如明天下雨，我们就不去远足了下雨的可能性不大［点津］1主句中的should只用于第一人称；从句中的should可用于各种人称2虚拟条件句中有shouldwerehad时，可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首，从而构成局部倒装假设省略的条件句中谓语动词是否认形式，否认词not不提前Shouldhebefreetomorrow=IfheshouldbefreetomorrowIwouldtalkwithhim.假如他明天有空，我会和他谈话的HadIhadtime=IfIhadhadtimeIwouldhavewalkedroundthatlakethen.假如有时间，我当时会在湖的四周走走HadJanenotinformedmeearlier=IfJanehadntinformedmeearlierIwouldhavelostthechance.假如不是简提前通知我，我可能会失去这次时机即时演练11单句语法填空
①Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterdayyouwouldhavescanseeher.
②IfithadntrainednotrainyesterdayIwouldhavegoneouttoplayfootballwithmyfriends.
③Idonthaveacellphone.IfIhadhaveoneitwouldbeconvenientformetogetintouchwithothers.@Ifhecame/shoulde/weretoeetomorrowwewouldbebegreatlysurprised.⑵句型转换
⑤HadIpersuadedhimnottodosohewouldnthavemadesuchaseriousmistakefIfIhadpersuadedhimtodosohewouldn1havemadesuchaseriousmistake.@IfIwereyouIwouldgiveitup.[2:wishIweretenyearsyounger.我真盼望我再年轻10岁对现在状况的虚拟][3:Hewisheshecouldbeeascientistsomeday.][4:他盼望将来的某一天能成为科学家对将来状况的虚拟][5:HowIwishIhadseenheroffatthestationbutIwastoobusy.][6:我耍是去车站送她就好了，但我太忙了对过去状况的虚拟即时演练2单句语法填空][7:
①IwishIhadhavealittlelabofmyown.][8:
②IwishIcouldflyflytothemoononeday.][9:31wishthatIhadnnotagreetogotoJimspartyfbrIhavetodosomeextraworktonight.][10:
2.用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中，表示“要求、建议、命令〃等动词后面的从句中用“should+动词原形〃构成虚拟语气，其中“should可以省略这类动词可以速记为一坚持insist;]-WereIyouIwouldgiveitup.
⑦Ifitshouldraintomorrowwewouldhavetocalloffthepicnic.fShoulditraintomorrowwewouldhavetocalloffthepicnic.wish之后的宾语从句中wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望二命令mandorder;三建议advisesuggestremend;四要求requestrequiredemandask;外加一个敦促urgeoIinsistedthatweshouldtellthistoher.我坚持要求我们该把这事告知她HesuggestedthatMr.Smithshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.他建议邀请史密斯先生参与聚会Heorderedthatthestudentsshouldwashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求同学们每周都要自己洗衣服［点津］当insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说〃、suggest表示“说明；示意〃时，其后的从句中不用虚拟语气Heinsistedthathehadnotstolenthecamel.他坚持说他没偷骆驼即时演练3单句语法填空
①Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewasbesatisfiedwithourwork.
②Mymomsuggeststhatweshouldeateatoutforachangethisweekend.
③Eyedoctorsremendthatachildsfirsteyeexamshouldbebeattheageofsixmonthsold.
④Theconstantriseofmeatpricesrequiresthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentakebythegovernment.
⑤Hisordercamethatthesoldiersshouldleaveleaveatonce.
⑥Theboyinsistedthathehadntbrokennotbreakthewindow.
3.用在wouldrather后面的宾语从句中Wouldrather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时，表示对过去的愿望用过去完成时Iwouldratherthatyoucametomorrow.我宁愿你明天来rdratheryoudidntmakeanymentontheissueforthetimebeing.我宁愿你临时先不要就此事发表意见即时演练4单句语法填空
①IdratheryouwentgotoBeijingtomorrow.Drdratheryouhadnnottellmeaboutityesterday.
③GeorgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountrybutIdratherhefocusedfocusmoreonitsculture.单句语法填空2017•北京高考单项选择改编Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenputputtousetheaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.解析句意假如这个新的平安系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了依据主句确定是对过去状况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用haddone形式，此处依据句意可知是被动，用被动语态.2017•江苏高考单项选择改编空^beitnotforthesupportoftheteachersthestudentcouldnotovereherdifficulty.解析虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，把were/should/had提前2016•天滓高考单项选择改编1waswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn91beenwearingoneIwouldhavebeeninju「edinjure.解析依据“Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadntbeenwearingone”可推断出，此处是对与过去事实相反的状况的虚拟，从句用了过去完成时，主句应用“wouldhavedone”结构，且此处I与injure之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态2015・d匕京高考单项选择改编IfIhadntseennotseeitwithmyowneyesIwouldnthavebelievedit.解析句意假如不是我亲眼看到，我是不会信任的依据主句的时态wouldn，thavebelieved可以推断，事情发生在过去，所以条件状语从句应当使用过去完成时2015•陕西高考单项选择改编Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIdanceddanceaswellasher.解析句意艾琳是个了不起的舞蹈家我多盼望也能和她跳得一样好wish后面跟从句时从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气假如是与现在的事实相反，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时；与过去的事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形〃分析句子可知此处谈论的是现在的状况，故谓语动词用一般过去时I.单句语法填空一OurpanywillorganizeatriptoHongKongnextmonth.Iamtakingmymotherthere.一rdratheryoudidnt.Afterallshehasjustrecoveredfromherillnessandshestillfeelsweak.一rmgoingtoSanFranciscoforacoupleofdays.一Ireallyenvyyou.HowIwishIwould/couldgetgetawayforawhile.IfyouhadtoldmeinadvanceIwouldhavemetmeethimattheairport.Robertwishesthathehadstudiedstudybusinessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.Theboyinsistedthathehadtriedtryhisbestandshouldbepraisedpraise.Hadtheweatherbeengoodthetwinswouldhavegonegooutforawalk.Iftherewere/shouldbe/weretobebeanychangeaboutthedateIwouldinformyouintime.Thetrainleftleavetenminutesago.Youshouldhavearrivedabitearlier.ButforthePartyhewouldhavedieddieofhunger15yearsago.IwouldhavelentyousomemoneybutIdidnthavenothaveanyonmethen..句型转换ShewasnotatschoolsoIdidntseeher.fIfshehadbeenatschoolIwouldhaveseenher.Iwontletyougotoworknow.Itisrainingveryhard.wouldletyougotoworknowifitwerentrainingsohard.Ifyouhadlistenedcarefullyyouwouldhavebeenabletodoitwell.fHadyoulistenedcarefullyyouwouldhavebeenabletodoitwell.IdidnthaveheraddresssoIlosttouchwithher.fIfIhadhadheraddressIwouldnthavelosttouchwithher.IfIwereyouIwouldbuyanewcar.fWereIyouIwouldbuyanewcar.Ill.短文改错Carshavebeepopularmeansoftransportationasthedevelopmentofsociety.Theyconstantbringgreatconveniencetoourlife.Unluckilytheyhavealsocausedproblemsuchasairpollutionandtrafficjams.Sothecurrenttaskforusishowwecandotosolvetheproblems.AsfarasIamconcernedswitchourtransportationfromcarstobicyclesisagoodsolution.Foronethingbicyclesdontneedanypetrol.Forotherbicyclesareenvironmentallyfriendly.Whatsmuchmoreridingbicyclesisagoodwayofexercisinganditisverybenefittoourhealth.ThereforeIwouldratherthatpeopletrybicycles.答案第一句popular前加a;asfwith其次句constant-*^constantly第三句problemfproblems第四句how-*what第五句switch-switching第七句other-another第八句去掉much;benefit^beneficial第九句tryftried语法点一虚拟语气在条件句中的应用假设状况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去时（be的过去式常用were）would/should/might/could+动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时（had+过去分词）would/should/might/could+have+过去分词与将来事实相反
①一般过去时（be的过去式常用were）
②should+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原形
③wereto+动词原形语法点二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用主句用法从句谓语动词的形式主语+wish表示现在不能实现的愿望用一般过去时be通常用were表示过去不能实现的愿望had+过去分词表示将来不能实现的愿望would/could+动词原形。
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