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Unit3课下力量提升
(十二)I.阅读理解Beingphysicallyactivethreetimesaweekreducestheoddsofbeingdepressedbyabout16%accordingtonewUCLresearchcarriedoutaspartofthePublicHealthResearchCentre.ThestudypublishedinJAMAPsychiatryfoundatwowayrelationshipbetweendepressionandphysicalactivity.Peoplewhoincreasedtheirweeklyactivitywerereportedtohavefewerdepressivesymptomsbutthosewithmoredepressivesymptomswerelessactiveparticularlyatyoungerages.Researchersfollowed11135peoplebornin1958upuntiltheageof50recordingdepressivesymptomsandlevelsofphysicalactivityatregularintervalsinadulthood.Theyfoundthateachadditionalactivityperiodperweekreducedoddsofdepressionby6%.InEngland19%ofmenand26%ofwomenarecurrentlyclassedas“inactive”andthisstudysuggeststhatactivitycouldsignificantlyimprovetheirmentalaswellasphysicalhealth.Assumingtheassociationiscausalphysicalactivityhasaprotectiveeffectagainstdepression.Ifanadultbetweenhistwentiesandfortieswhoisntphysicallyactivebecameactive3timesperweekhewouldreducehisrisksofdepressionbyabout16%〃saidDrSnehaloftheUCLInstituteofChildHealthleadauthorofthestudy.ProfessorMarkDirectorofthePublicHealthResearchCentresaid Manypeoplearealreadyawareofthebenefitsofphysicalactivityontheirgeneralhealthbutnowweareseeingmoreevidencethatsuggestsitalsohasapositiveeffectonaperson5smentalwellbeing.Thelatestresearchhighlightsjusthowimportantitistoensurethatpeopleareworkingandlivinginenvironmentsthatallowthemtobebothphysicallyactiveandmentallyhealthy//语篇解读最新讨论说明,增加每周熬炼身体的次数,能降低人们患抑郁症的风险Theunderlinedword“odds〃inParagraph1probablymeans”〃.A.benefitsB.intervalsC.risksD.ages解析选C词义猜想题依据第四段中的“Ifanadultbetweenhistwentiesandfortieswhoisntphysicallyactivebecameactive3timesperweekhewouldreducehisrisksofdepressionbyabout16%〃可知,人们每周熬炼三次,能让患抑郁症的可能性降低大约16%由此可推断出,odds和risks的意思一样,故C项正确Accordingtothesecondparagraphifpeopleincreasetheirweeklyactivity.theirdepressivesymptomswillbefewerB・theirdepressivesymptomswillbemoretheywillbeemuchyoungertheywillbeemoredepressive解析选A细节理解题依据其次段中的“Peoplewhoincreasedtheirweeklyactivitywerereportedtohavefewerdepressivesymptoms,z可知,假如人们增加他们每周熬炼的次数,就会有较少的抑郁病症,故A项正确WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassageDrSnehalthinksitisimportanttobebothphysicallyandmentallyhealthy.Theresearchshowsmenaremoreactiveinphysicalactivitythanwomen.Adultswhoinsistonphysicalactivitywillavoiddepressionpletely.Increasingphysicalactivitycanfreepeoplefromdepressioninaway.解析选D推理推断题依据第一段中的“Beingphysicallyactivethreetimesaweekreducestheoddsofbeingdepressedbyabout16%”可推知,增加熬炼身体的次数在某种程度上能降低患抑郁症的可能性,故D项正确WhatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthepassageTotellusafunstoryabouthowtoprotectusagainstdepression.Tointroducearesearchonthelinkbetweenphysicalactivityanddepression.Topersuadereaderstoincreasetheirweeklyactivity.D・Todescribethedisadvantagesofphysicalactivity.解析选B写作意图题本文主要向读者介绍了一项科学讨论成果,这份讨论叙述的是身体熬炼和抑郁症之间的联系,故B项正确II.阅读七选五FivesecretstolivingasunshinelifeDontavoidorignorenegativity.Inordertoconquerandoverethenegativityitmustbeacknowledged.Youareincontrolofyourenvironmentandifthesenegativesituationskeepmakinganappearanceitsuptoyoutohandlethem.Takecareofyourselfandyourneeds.Inordertoliveapowerfulandmeaningfullifeyoumustloveyourself.]Andthiswillbereflectedinyourthoughtsandemotionalstateofmind.Loveyourselffullyinordertoloveothersfully.2Determinewhatisworthyourtimeandeffortandwhatisnot.Ifsituationsarebadandbeyondrepairitstimetoletgo.Arethererelationshipsorfriendshipsthatremaindamagedbutyouknowareworththetime3Dowhatyoucantofindloveinsituationswhereitmayhavebeenabsentinthepast.Give.Giveourtimeenergyloveandsometimesmoneytoothers.4Soifyoucandonthesitatetodoit.Focusonthingsthatmakeussmilelaughandfeelgood.Thisoneisprettysimple.5Thatisdomoreofwhatmakesyouhappy!Itrulybelievehappinessmaynoteaseasilyaswewish.Inordertogothroughworkandresponsibilitiesthatseemboringwehavetoactivelypursueandengageinbeautifulactsofloveandkindness.Soletshaveatry.A.JustdoMOREofit.B・Fixthemandfindpeace.Alwaysputyourselffirst.Mendwhat9sbrokenorgetridofit.Determinewhatisimportanttoyou.Mindyouractionsandhowyouliveeachday.Everythingweputoutintotheworldesbacktous.语篇解读;本文是一篇说明文文章简要地介绍了五个享受阳光生活的秘诀.解析选F依据本段的小标题“Takecareofyourselfandyourneeds”及空处上下文的内容可知,此处主要讲的是要关注自己及自己的需求故F项符合语境.解析选D依据下文的内容,尤其是“Determinewhatisworthyourtimeandeffortandwhatisnot...worththetimez,可知,本段主要讲的是要修补“裂开的东西或者摆脱它故D项符合语境.解析选B此处与上文的“Ifsituationsarcbadandbeyondrepairitstimetoletgo”形成比照,上文说的是放手,这里说的是修复选项中的“them〃照应上句中的“relationshipsorfriendships所以答案为B.解析选G依据本段的小标题可知,本段主要讲的是付出,且由空后的“So〃可知,空处是付出的缘由,故G项符合语境.解析选A依据空前的“Thisoneisprettysimple”和空后的uThatisdomoreofwhatmakesyouhappy!”可知,A项就是多做”符合语境川.完形填空WhenIwasinmiddleschoolapoisonousspiderbitmyrighthand.Irantomymomfor1butinsteadoftakingmetoadoctormymomsetmyhand
2.Afterwrappingmyhandwithseverallayersofcottonthensoakingitinwinesheputachopstickintomymouthandlitthecotton.Heatquicklywentthroughthecottonandbegantoroastmy
3.Thesharppainmademewanttoscreambutthechopstick4it.AllIcoulddowaswatchmyhandburn-oneminutethentwominutes-5momputoutthefire.Atthattimetherewasnodoctoravailablemymothercouldbringmetoseeaboutmyspiderbite.Forthosewhostudybiologyyoumayhavegraspedthescience6mymomscure:heatdeactivates(使不活泼)proteinsandaspider9svenom(毒液)is7aformofprotein.IVs8howthatfolkremedyactuallyincludesbasicbiochemistryisntitButIamaPhDstudentinbiochemistryatHarvard.Inowknowthatbetterless9andlessriskytreatmentsexisted.SoIcanthelpbutaskmyselfwhyIdidnt10oneatthattime.NowIamhappytoreportthatmyhandisfine.ButthisquestionremainsandIcontinuetobetroubledbytheunequal11ofscientificknowledgethroughouttheworld.Despitetheknowledgewehaveaccumulatedwehaventbeenso12indeploying(酉己置)ittowhereitsneededmost.Weconstantlyseetheseproblemsofpovertyillnessand13ofresourcespreventingtheflowofscientificinformation.Lifesavingknowledgewetakeforgrantedinthemodernworldisoften14inunderdevelopedregions.WhilestudyingatHarvardIsaw15scientificknowledgecanhelpothersinsimpleyetprofoundways.Thebirdfluinthe2000slookedtomyvillagelikeaspellcastbydevils.WhenIrealizedthatsimplehygiene(卫生)practiceslike16differentanimalspeciescouldcontainthespreadofthediseaseandthatIcouldhelpmakethisknowledgeavailabletomyvillagethatwasmyfirstAhamomentasabuddingscientist.Harvarddaresustodreambigtoaspire(立志)tochangetheworld.HereonthismencementDayweare17thinkingofgranddestinationsandbigadventuresthatawaitus.AsformeIamalsothinkingofthefarmersinmyvillage.Myexperiencehere18mehowimportantitsforresearcherstomunicateourknowledgetothose
19.BecausebyusingthesciencewealreadyhavewecanprobablybringmyvillageandthousandslikeitintotheworldyouandItake20everyday.Andthatsanimpacteveryoneofuscanmake!语篇解读在哈佛高校的毕业典礼上,来自中国湖南的生物系博士生何江作为毕业生代表发表了毕业典礼演讲他从自己的亲身经受——被蜘蛛咬伤的往事讲起,说明学问传播、学问分布以及资源平衡的重要性B・helpC.adviceD.decision解析选B句意在我上中学的时候,一只毒蜘蛛咬伤了我的右手,我去找母亲寻求关心help意为“关心,帮助;medicine意为“药,药物;医学;advice意为“建议,忠告〃;decision意为“打算,决心〃A.inwaterB.onfireC.introubleD.onstrike解析选B依据后文可知,母亲实行的行动是把作者的手放在火上烧onfire意为“着火”;inwater意为“在水中〃;introuble意为“有麻烦〃;onstrike意为“罢工”B.chestC.handD.face解析选C依据下文的“watchmyhandburn”可知,棉纱上的温度很快上来了,作者的手也开头发烫B.forbadeC.cancelledD.prevented解析选D句意这股灼痛让我想要大叫,不过我嘴里含着的筷子让我叫不出来prevent意为“预防,防止,阻挡;preserve意为“爱护,保存,保持;forbid意为“禁止,不准;cancel意为“取消,废除”B.untilC.whenD.while解析选B句意我唯一能做的就是看着我的手被火烧,一分钟过去了,两分钟过去了,直到母亲把火熄灭until意为“直到才;before意为“在之前“;when意为“当……时候〃;while意为“当……时候;而;尽管,虽然〃B.behindC.afterD.within解析选B句意对于同学物学的人来说,你或许能找到我母亲的治疗方法背后所包含的科学原理behind意为“在……的后面,是……的缘由〃;beside意为“在……的旁边在四周“;after意为“在之后”;within意为“在之内”B.simplyC.constantlyD.continuously解析选B句意热量能够让蛋白质失去活性,而蜘蛛的毒液只是一种蛋白质simply意为“仅仅,只是〃;accurately意为“精确地,精确地〃;constantly意为“常常地,不断地”;continuously意为“连续不断地”B.rightC.absurdD.puzzling解析选A句意这个土方子竟然也包含了根底的生物化学原理,这挺酷的,不是吗?cool意为“特别好的,特殊棒的,绝妙的〃;right意为“对的,正确的〃;absurd意为“荒唐的,荒唐的,可笑的〃;puzzling意为“令人困惑的〃B.stressfulC.painfulD.regretful解析选C句意不过我是哈佛高校生物化学的博士,我现在知道了更好的、苦痛更少、危急更小的治疗方法painful意为“苦痛的,苦痛的〃;powerful意为“强大的,强有力的〃;stressful意为“紧急的,有压力的〃;regretful意为“懊悔的,圆满的〃B.receiveC.adoptD.adapt解析选B句意所以我忍不住问我自己,为什么那个时候我得不到这种治疗receive意为“收到,得到,受到〃;accept意为“接受,同意,认可〃;adopt意为“实行,接受;收养,过继〃;adapt意为“适应;改编,改写〃B.donationC.allocationD.distraction解析选A句意不过这个问题始终在我心头萦绕,我也时常会被科学学问分布的不均衡问题所困扰distribution意为“分发安排“;donation意为“捐赠赠送〃;allocation意为“配给,拨出〃;distraction意为“分心,留意力分散,精神不集中〃B.absorbedC.successfulD.careful解析选C句意尽管我们已经积累了大量的学问,但是我们还没有胜利地将这些学问部署到最需要的地方successful意为“胜利的〃;involved意为“有关的,涉及的“;absorbed意为“全神贯注的〃;careful意为“当心的,认真的〃B.plentyC.absenceD.lack解析选D句意我们常常看到这些因贫困、疾病以及资源匮乏导致的阻挡科学信息流通的问题lack意为“缺少,缺乏,缺乏;s叩aration意为“分开,另U离;plenty意为“充裕,大量〃;absence意为“缺席,离开,不在〃B.unwantedC.unexpectedD.unnecessary解析选A句意现代社会里我们习以为常的那些救生学问在不兴旺地区还未普及unavailable意为“得不到的,难以获得的“;unwanted意为“不想要的,不需要的〃;unexpected意为“意外的,预料不到的;unnecessary意为“不必要的,不需要的”B.whereC.howD.why解析选C句意在哈佛学习期间,我知道了科学学问是如何用既简洁又深刻的方式关心其他人的how意为“如何,怎么样”;when意为“当时候〃;where意为“在地方〃;why意为“为什么〃B.separatingC.splittingD.breaking解析选B句意当我意识到简洁的卫生措施例如将不同的动物隔离起来可以遏制这种疾病的传播,我可以把这些学问传递到我的村庄时,我的内心第一次有了一种作为将来科学家的使命感separate意为“隔离,别离〃;divide意为“分割,分隔〃;split意为“裂开,碎裂〃;break意为“打破,摔碎〃B.probablyC.preferablyD.relatively解析选B句意在这个毕业日,我们或许都会畅想等待着我们的宏大宏图和冒险之旅probably意为“可能,或许;skilfully意为“娴熟地,有技术地“;preferably意为“更好地,更可取地〃;relatively意为“相对地,比拟而言地〃B.recallsC.remindsD.refers解析选C句意我在这里的经受提示了我,对于讨论人员来说,将我们所会的学问传递给那些急需的人是多么地重要remind意为“提示;回想起,回忆起;inform意为“通知,告知〃;recall意为“回想,回忆〃;refer意为“提到,涉及〃dangerB.inneedC.inorderD.inshape解析选B句意将我们所会的学问传递给那些急需的人是多么地重要inneed意为“有需要的,危难中的,贫困的〃;indanger意为“危急的〃;inorder意为“按挨次,井然有序〃;inshape意为“健康的,状态良好〃grantedB.forexampleC.intoconsiderationD.intopractice解析选A句意由于利用我们已经把握的科技学问,我们可能把我的家乡,还有千千万万类似的村庄变成一个我们每天习以为常的世界takesth.forgranted意为“认为是理所当然的“;takesth.forexample意为“拿举例;takesth.intoconsideration意为“考虑到,把考虑在内“;putsth.intopractice意为“把付诸实施“IV语法填空Summerisalmosthereandtheweatherisheatingup.]youdrinkenoughwatereverydayManykidsdontaccordingtoanewstudy2publishintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth.EricaKenneya3scienceatHarvardT.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealthoriginallyplannedtolookintotheamountofsugarydrinksthatkidswereconsuminginschools.However4shewasdoingtheresearchshenoticedthatmanykidsweresimplenotdrinkingenoughwater.Kenneyandherteamexaminedfiguresfromagroupof4000childrenagedfrom6to19betweentheyearsof2009and
2012.Whilelookingthroughthesurveyresultsshe§findthatmorethanhalfofthekidsweredehydrated脱水的.Alack7watercanleadtohealthproblemssuchasheadachespoorphysicalperformanceandevenmoreseriousproblems.Yourbodyneedsmorewaterwhenyouareinhotclimateswhenyouarephysicallyactiveandwhenyouhaveafever.Kenneysaidu8isgoodnewsthatthispublichealthproblemhasasimplesolution.Ifwecanfocusonencouragingkids9drinkmorewater-alow-costsugar-freedrink一wecanimprovetheirdrinkinghabitswhichmayallowmanykidstofeel10greatthroughoutthedayanddobetterinschool.z,语篇解读t页调查说明,很多在校的孩子没有喝足够的水,超过半数的孩子处于脱水状态Do著至一蕨疑问团和时益依据该句中的“youdrinkenoughwatereveryday可以推断,该句为一般疑问句,且问的是常常发生的动作,故用一般现在时,故可知答案published考查过去分词anewstudy和动词publish之间是规律上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语scientist考查词形转换依据该句中的不定冠词a可知,该处用名词,表示“一位科学家〃when/while/as考查状语从句的引导词依据该句中的进行时态shewasdoingtheresearch并结合语境可以推断,此处表示“当她进行讨论时,她留意到很多孩子根本没有喝足量的水〃when/while/as都表示“当的时候〃simply考查副词空处修饰动词,故用副词形式found考查动词的时态依据该句中的“thekidswere并结合语境可知,该处陈述的是过去发生的事,故用一般过去时of考查固定搭配alackof“鼓舞某人去做某事〃,是固定用法,意为“缺乏〃It考查it的用法分析该句结构可知,该句为包含that引导的主语从句的主从复合句,It作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句todrink考查动词不定式encouragesb.todosth.鼓舞某人做某事〃,是固定用法greater考查形容词的比拟级依据该句中的“anddobetterinschool”可知,空处与此处对应,应用形容词的比拟级V.短文改错Incoupleofweekswe11saygoodbyetoourschool.Nowthisisreallyhardtoputmyfeelingsintopastthreeyearshasgeneralbeenawonderfuljourneywithyoumakethejourneygoodandsaferourteachershadcontributedtheirtimeandenergy.Wearegratefultowhatyoudearteachershavedoneforus.Nomatterwhetherunwillingwearewewilldepartsoon.Anditisnottheend.Itjustmeansitstimetobeginanewjourney.Finallyonbehalfofallthegraduatehereletmetoextendoursincerewishesforourschoolandtoourteachers.Thankyou!答案:第一句In后加a其次句this-^it第三句general-*^generally第四句goodfbetter;had^have第五句tofor第六句whether-*how第七句And^But第九句graduate—graduates;去掉extend前的to。