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英语句子成分定义构成句子的各个局部叫做句子成分句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分主语和谓语次要成分表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主语:句子的主体StudentsstudyEnglish.Smokingisbadforhealth.Whathehassaidistrue.从句做主语(主语从句〕Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It是形式主语,从句that...tree才是真正主语)〔主语从句)练习:划出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.谓语动词或者动词词组
1、简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成如StudentsstudyEnglish
2、复合谓语[1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成如HecanspeakEnglish.Hehascaughtabadcold.〔2〕由系动词加表语构成如Wearestudents.练习:选出以下句子中的谓语IdontIikethepictureonthewalLlusuallygotoschoolbybus.DidthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfastTomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.Whatlwanttotellyouisthis.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.Heisinterestedinmusic.HecanspeakEnglishwell.表语系动词后面的成分名词作表语Iamastudent.Myfatherisateacher.形容词作表语Thistableislong.YoulookyoungItgetscold.Itsoundsinteresting.副词作表语Everyoneishere.介词短语作表语Theyareinthepark.不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.动名词作表语He门obistrainingthenurses.从句作表语(表语从句)Thatiswhyhedidntcometoschoolyesterday.系动词
(1)状态:be动词
(2)持续表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度主要有keepremainstayrestliestand.
(3)表像表示“看起来好似”,主要有seemappearlook
(4)感官表示“起来”,有feel(摸起来感觉〕,smell〔闻起来)sound〔听起来)taste(尝起来,吃起来)等
(5)变化表示主语变成什么样,主要有becomegrowturnfallgetgocomerun
(6)终止主要有proveturnout〔结果是证明是)等.如Hisstoryprovedfalse.他讲的情况原来是假的.Myintuitionturnedouttobecorrect.我的直觉证明是对的.练习:划出句中表语Thespeechisexciting.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imtiredtoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon/tfeelsad.That/swhyhecamehere.宾语动作承受者名/f弋词作宾语Heneverforgivesothers.Heoftenhelpsme.不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair.动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.从句做宾语(宾语从句)Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish(it形式宾语,todo是真正宾语)宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Pleasepassmethebookfme是间接宾语,thebook是直接宾语)练习:划出句中宾语Showyourpassportplease.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant-/wanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.DidyouwritedownwhathesaidIsucceededinpassingtheexam.宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整否则就不完整宾补主要用来说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义缺乏Ifoundthebookinteresting.Imakemystudentsintertestedinmyclass.Sheaskedmetolendherchand.Wemadehimmonito门nourclass.Wefoundhimintroublenow.WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish(it形式宾语,todo是真正宾语necessary是宾补)练习:划出句中宾补Shelikesthechildrentoreadne\A/spapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefinditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.注直接宾语和宾补的区分前面宾语和宾补有主谓逻辑关系,而间接宾语和直接宾语没有主谓逻辑关系,例如Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.我们选他做我们班的班长(宾语him与monitor是主谓关系Heismonitor他是班长所以这里monitor是宾补)Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.他买给他女朋友一些花(宾语hisgirlfriend与someflowers没有逻辑关系,不能说“他女朋友是花〃所以someflowers是直接宾语)定语用来修饰名词或代词的成分形容词作定语Theblackbikeismine.代词作定语Whatsyourname名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers.介词短语作定语TheboysintheroomareinClassThreeGradeOne.不定式作短语Ihavelotsofhomeworktodo从句作定语〔定语从句)ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.练习:划出句中定语Heisacleverboy.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBetty/ssister.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow同位语:当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个成分用来说明或解释另一个成分下面例句中黑体和横线局部互为同位语其中前项与后项所指内容一样,句法功能(即在句中作主谓宾等成分)也一样,并常常紧挨在一起Wehavetwochildrenaboyandagirl.我们有两个孩子一男一女〔都在句中作宾语)Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.我们年轻人应该尊敬老人〔都在句中作主语)They亚wantedtoseehim.他们都想见他〔都在句中作主语〕LefsyouandmegotoworkOliver咱们俩去工作吧.〔都在句中作主语)Areyoutwoready你们俩准备好了吗?(都在句中作主语)Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放假的消息不确都在句中作主语〔同位语从句练习:找出句中互为同位语的成分并指出它们在句中的句法功能Mrs.BrownJohnsmotherisakindlady.Wordcamethatherhusbandwaskilledinanaccident.Iamsorrytohearthenewsthathisgrandfatherisdead.状语:按用途可分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等⑴时间状语Shallwedotheshoppingtoday⑵・地点状语Thereareplentyoffishinthesee.⑶.原因状语IeatpotatoesbecauseIlikethem..结果状语ShespokesosoftlythatIcouldnthearwhatshesaid..目的状语InordertogetintoagoodschoolImuststudyevenharder..条件状语Ifheweretocomewhatshouldwesaytohim.让步状语Hehelpedmealthoughhedidntknowme.⑻程度状语Thelectureisveryinteresting..伴随状语MytrainstartsatsixarrivingatChicagoat
10.练习划出句中状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.5WiththemedicineboxunderherarmMissLihurriedoff句子成分划分课后稳固练习题.ThestudentsgotontheschooIbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspape「..1shalIansweryourquestionafterclass..Hisiobistotrainswimmers..HetookmanyphotosinBeijing..Hiswishistobecomeascientist..Hetoldmethathisbrotherisaworld-famousdoctor..HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish..Hesatthere「eadinganewspaeer..TheapeIestastedsweet...Myg「andfathe「boughtmeapai「ofspo「tsshoes..11oveyou..Treesturrg「eenwhenspringcomes..GrandmatoIdmeaninterestingstoryIastnight..Lilyisclearirgthedesknow.16Herga「denisthebestirourtown.Wehea「dhersirgirgasong..11ikethisbookverymuch.
19.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJanessister.
20.ShedidrTtcometomypartybecauseshewasi
11..WangPingdoeshishomeworkca「efu11y..WewiIIgototheChiIdrecsPaIaceonceaweek..Theya「eintheclass「oom.24Weenjoylisteningtothemusic..Iseeherdance..WeaIwaysgotoschooIearIy.lalwaysfindherhappyThechiIdrenboughttheirparentsacarHeiikestoplaybasketbalI.YesterdayItalkedtomyEcgIishteacherMr.James随堂练习参考答案主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Tweatyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeinqisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.VVbctheneedsisabook.Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.Heisinterestedinmusic.HecanspeakEnglishwell.表语Thespeechisexciting.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imtiredtoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idontfeelsad.Thatswhyhecamehere.宾语Showyourpassportplease.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant-1wanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.DidyouwritedownwhathesaidIsucceededinpassingtheexam.宾补Shelikesthechildrentoreednewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefinditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.定语Heisaclevsrboy.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBettyssisterThereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandirgunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow同位语Mrs.BrownJohnsmotherisakindlady.(主语〕Wordcamethatherhusbandwaskilledinanaccident.[主语]Iamsorrytohearthenewsthathisgrandfathersdead.(宾语)状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.WiththemedicineboxunderherarmMissLihurriedoff.课后练习参考答案.主谓定宾.主谓间宾直宾.主谓定宾时状.定主系表(系动词+表语二谓语).主谓宾地状.定王系表.主谓间宾直宾〔宾语从句).主谓形式宾语宾补真正的宾语(TomasterEnglishisimportant掌握英语很重要〃有逻辑关系,所以是宾补).主谓地状伴随状语主定主主主主定主主主主主主主主主系表主谓间宾直宾谓宾系表时间状语(从句)谓谓主谓谓定谓谓间宾定直宾时状宾系宾宾系宾宾谓定系表谓宾谓宾主状谓主状谓主谓定主谓宾时状表地状宾补(Shewassingingasong.“她在唱歌”有逻辑关系)定表原因状语(从句)时状宾补(Sheisdancing.“她在跳舞〃有逻辑关系)宾时状宾宾补(Sheishappy.“她很快乐〃有逻辑关系)间宾直宾时状主谓定定宾同。