高中英语高考复习动词分类讲解（共10类）

高考英语动词分类讲解

一、连系动词类连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下3种.变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如becomecomegoturngrowgetfall等.感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feelsmelltastelooksound等.状态类表事物所处的状态，如bekeepstandstayprove等连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语除了少数几个如feelgetbecomegrow等外，不用于进行时态和被动结构例如Themixtureistastedterrible.误Themixturetastesterrible正Jimpretendedtobefallingasleepwhenhismothercamein.误Jimpretendedtofall/beasleepwhenhismothercamein.正Imfeelingmuchbetterthaneverbefore.Itwasgettingdarkeranddarker.Besidesacoldrainbegantofall.DoyoulikethematerialYesitfeelverysoft.WhydontyouputthemeatinthefridgeItwillstayfreshforseveraldays.3Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremainseatastheplanewasmakingalanding.4Sarahhurryup.Imafraidyoucanthavetimetogetchangebeforetheparty.5Theflowerssmellsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.04上海卷

二、感官动词类常考的感官动词有seewatchnoticeobservehearfeelfindcatch等感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作IoftenheardthesongsungbutIhaveneverheardyousingit.WhenyougotowatchthefootballwatchyouwillenjoyseeingtheChinesefootballteamwin..后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作Seeingthesunrisingabovethesurfaceoftheseaweletoutashoutofjoy.HearingthisIfeltmyheartbeatingfast..后接V-ed形式表被动意义Afterhisreturntwentyyearslaterhefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.AlthoughIhadlearntsomeEnglishIhadneverheardawordofitspoken.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokeinthekitchen.NMET03Themissingboyswerelastseenplayneartheriver.3Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlwhowascaughtstealandletheroff.NMET93Helookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.

三、使役动词类表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如makelethavekeepleave等使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义分以下三种情况makelethave等后接不带to的不定式，表“使/让某人/某物做某事”Dontmakehimdoitifhedoesntwantto.Ifyouhaveanyproblemsjustletmeknow.在被动结构中不定式须带to但是have不用于被动结构中toHewasmadetoapologizetotheguest.havekeepleaveget等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.Whydoyouhavehimworryingabouthislessonshavekeepleave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义Hedidntkeeponaskingmethetimeuntilhehadhadhiswatchrepaired.I11keepyouinformedassoonasIhavethenews.Don，tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.04天津卷GoodmorningcanIhelpyou1dliketohavethispackageweighmadam.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimselfhear.NMET914AsyouhaveneverbeentherebeforeI，11havesomeoneshowyoutheway.Pauldoesnthavetobemadelearn.Healwaysworkshard.NMET95

四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有exciteinspireencourageinterestsatisfydelightpleasemovefrightensurpriseamazeastonishshockworryastonishdisappointdiscourageexhaustpuz邺zletireterrify等情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-ing形式指人，V-ed形式则指事物Thestorywassomovingthateveryonepresentwasmovedtotears.Whatdisappointingresult!Wewerealldisappointedwithit.Climbingahillwastiringandweweretiredwhenwereachedthesummit.1mverypleasewithmyowncooking.Itlooksnicesmellsdelicious.Mmitdoeshaveapleasesmell.02春NMETMr.Smithtireoftheborespeechstartedtoreadanovel.Itisbelievedthatifabookisinterestitwillsurelyinterestthereader.

五、后接不定式动词类affordagreechoosedetermineexpectdecidelearnoffermangehopewantwishpromiserefusefailpretendhappen等动词，后品艮不定式作宾语ThankyouforofferingtohelpbutIcanmanagemyself.Helearnedtorideabicyclewhenhewasasmallboy.Weagreedmeetherebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.NMET95LittleJimshouldlovetaketothetheatrethisevening.NMET92IdontknowwhetheryouhappenhearbutIingoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.04辽宁卷ShepretendedseemewhenIpassedby.NMET89Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearsknoweverything.

六、后接V-ing形式动词类考虑建议盼原谅，承认推辞没得想避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡Considersuggest/adviselookforwardtoexcuse/pardon;admit;delay/putofffancy想象；avoid;miss;keep;practice;deny;finish;enjoy/appreciate;forbid;imagine;risk;canthelp;mind;allow/permit;escape.o这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语IdontmindwaitingbutIvegottostandinthecoldwind.HaveyouconsideredmakingsomenecessarychangestoyourplanOnlybypractisingspeakingEnglisheverydaycanyouexpecttoimproveyourspokenEnglish.Whileshoppingpeoplesometimescanthelppersuadeintobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.96年上海卷Ireallyappreciatehavetimetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.04年上海卷3DoyoumindopenthedoorIcanhardlyimaginePetersailacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.NMET91

七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类remembertryregretmeanforgetstopgooncanthelp等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同见下表例如IrememberbeingpadbutIveforgottentheexactamount.Pleaseremembertosendmeaphotoofyoursonthenexttimeyouwritetome.Idontreallymeantoworkherewhichmeansleavingthejobsoonafterwards.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.NMET91OhIforgotturnitoff.Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.NMET95WellnowIregretdothat.Shecanthelpcleanthehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.Dontyouremembertellmethestoryyesterday99年高考上海卷5ThelibraryneedscleanbutI’11havetowaituntilSunday.NMET926InsomepartsofLondonmissingabusmeanswaitforanotherhour.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedrestonabigrockbythesideofthepath.NMET90

八、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如gcomestartarrivetakeleavemove等例如WhenaregoingofftoforShanghaiMaryaswellasherparentsisleavingforCalifornianextmonth.1vewonaholidayfortwotoFloridaimymum.01春NMETA.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavetakenWhatwereyoudoingwhenhecametoseeyou89上海卷Ihadjustputonmyovercoatandvisitafriend.A.leavingB.wasleftC.leftD.wasleavingWhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyouIhadjustfinishedmyworkandtotakeashower.04天津卷A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstarting

九、主动表被动动词类英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况.某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sellwashwritelastreadwear等这种“动词+副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性Thiskindofclothwasheswellandlastslong.Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.WritteninsimpleEnglishthisarticlereadseasily..某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如pen（打开，营业），close（关门）shut（关闭）cut（切割），weigh（重），act（上演）等Thedoorwontshut.Thisshopopensmuchearlierthanitusedto.Eachstoneweighs2tons..某些不及物动词，如happenoccurcost以及短语，如comeout（出版），comeup（出现），comeintobeing（产生）cometoonesmind（想起）turnout（证明是）comeabout（发生）breakout（爆发）belongto（属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe18thcentury.Suddenlyanideacametohismind.Itneveroccurredtometophoneyou.1）Theeveningnewscomesonatsevenoclockand（last）onlythirtyminutes.2）Booksofthiskind（sell）well.（99上海卷）

十、虚拟语气动词类insistordercommandsuggestadviseproposeaskrequirerequestdemand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“（should）+动词原形”Theguardatthegateinsistedthateveryoneshouldobeytherules.Therulerequiresthateveryoneyoungoroldmanorwomenhavehiscarcheckedonceayear.

（1）Janespalefacesuggestedthatshe（be）illandherparentssuggestedthatshe（have）amedicalexamination.（94上海卷）。