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高中英语人教版高三二轮复习句子成分【问题查找】
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Hehandedmethenewspaper.shallansweryourquestionafterclass.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Henoticedamanentertheroom.Theapplestastedsweet.
1、主语,定语;
2、间接宾语,直接宾语;
3、谓语,状语;
4、定语,定语;
5、状语,状语;
6、定语,表语;
7、宾语,状语;
8、谓语,主语,状语;
9、谓语,状语;
10、形式主语,表语,宾补;
11、宾语,宾补;
12、表语
二、句子翻译主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)
1、你应当努力学习主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
2、昨晚我写了一封信主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)
3、布朗夫人看起来很健康双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
4、他把那本字典递给她复合宾语结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
5、我发现广东很漂亮l.Youshouldstudyhard.wrotealetterlastnight..Mrs.Brownlooksveryhealthy..Hepassesherthedictionary.
5.1findJiangmenverynice.【要点精讲】
1、会议将持续两个小时
2、在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化
3、这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
1、他们成功地完成了计划
2、你们必须在两周内看完这些书
3、那位先生能流利地说三种语言主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)
1、十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了
2、孩子们,请保持安静
3、这本书是有关美国历史的书双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
1、Johnson先生去年教我们德语
2、奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事
3、Mary把钱包交给校长了复合宾语结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
1、他们把门推开了
2、他们把小偷释放了
3、我们要使学校变得更美丽主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)4Themeetingw川lasttwohours.5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语).Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully..Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks..Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.主系表结构主语+系动词+主语补语4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.Childrenkeepquietplease.ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.双宾语结构主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语IMrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.复合宾语结构主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语4Theypushedthedooropen.5Theyhavesetthethieffree.6Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.【梳理优化】基本句型一SV(主+谓)基本句型二SVP(主+系+表)基本句型三SVO(主+谓+宾)基本句型四SVOiOd(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)【强化巩固】语法填空In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible_1_crowdontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand2_word.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad3laythetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover4top.Whenallthosehadbeendonetheroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines5_usetopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen6_fairunpleasantforthepassengerswithallthesmokeandnoise.Howevertherailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonthsmorethan25000peoplewereusing7_everyday.Laterengineers8managetoconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels隧道whichbecameknowntothetube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe9introduceofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost10successofthesenewlinesandwasopenedin
1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriagesandprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.Keys:
1.crowds
2.From
3.Laying
4.The
5.wereused
6.fairly
7.It
8.managed
9.introduction
10.successful【课后练习】分析以下句子成分ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany.Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatitshardformetofindhim.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybewemustfulfilitthismonth.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo.Atlasthegothometiredandhungry.WouldyoupleasepassmethecupMaryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher.DoyouknowthelatestnewsabouthimIIIgetmyhaircuttomorrow.
7.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
8.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
9.主语+及物动词+宾语
10.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语精讲一基本句子成分(30分钟)句子由若干部分组成,这些组成部分叫做句子成分根据其功能和作用,我们可以把句子成分的种类分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、同位语、状语和独立成分等实词一般都能作句子成分,虚词在句子中只能起辅助或连接等作用,不作句子成分
一、主语概念主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”句中位置陈述句中放在句首或谓语之前,但在therebe结构、疑问句和倒装句中,位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面表现形式名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、the+形容词以及从句典型例句Duringthe1990sAmerican_country_musichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)To_swim_in_the_riverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)The_richshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)When_we_are_goirg_to_have_Englishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)Itisnecessaryto_master_a_foreign_language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)操练1请指出下列句中的主语Theteacherwithtwoofherstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisabirdflyinginthesky.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.操练1请指出下列句中的主语Theteacherwithtwoofherstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisabirdflyinginthesky.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
二、谓语概念谓语说明主语的动作,特征或状态等一般由动词担任,其人称和数必须与主语一致,有时态、语态和语气变化句中位置一般在主语后(疑问句、倒装句除外)表现形式动词(短语)、情态动词+动词原形、某些动词+不定式(如happenwouldlikeseem等)、系动词+表语典型例句Hehas_caughtacold.(动词)Youmay_keepthebookfortwoweeks.(情态动词+动词原形)Iwould_like_to_inviteallmyfriendshere.(其他动词+不定式)Weare_students.(系动词+表语)操练2请选出下列句中的谓语dontlikethepictureonthewall.DoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.操练2请选出下列句中的谓语飞dontlikethepictureonthewall.DoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
三、表语基本概念与系动词连用,构成复合谓语,说明主语的性质、特征、身份、类别、状态等句中位置一般位于系动词(如bebecomegetlookseemturn等)之后表现形式名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词、介词短语、从句典型例句OurteacherofEnglishisan_American.(名词)Isityours(代词)Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)Thespeechisexciting.(分词)Threetimessevenistwenty_one(数词)Hisjobisto_teach_English.(不定式)Hishobby(爱好)isplaying_football.(动名词)Themachinemustbeout_of_order.(介词短语)Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)Thetruthisthat_has_never_been_abroad.(表语从句)操练3请划出下列句中的表语l.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.Theoldmanisfeelingbetternow.Thekidsarereallyinterestedinjoiningthechessclub.操练3请划出下列句中的表语Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.Theoldmanisfeelingbetternow.Thekidsarereallyinterestedinjoiningthechessclub.
四、宾语基本概念表示动作、行为的对象或承受者;句中位置一般在动词或介词后;表现形式名词、代词、数词、the+形容词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句典型例句Youcanleaveyourpetwithmewhiletravelling.(名词)Hegavemesomegoodadvice.(代词,名词)Pleasetakethemtothewaitingroom.(代词)Theyonlyboughtthree.(数词)Hesalwayshelpingthe_poor.(the+形容词)Herefusedto_do_it.(不定式短语)Tomlikesplaying_football.(动名词短语)Idontknowif_the_plane_w川_arrive_on_time.(从句)【特别提示】
①双宾语由间接宾语加直接宾语构成,间接宾语表示动作的方向或目的,常指人且须与直接宾语并存;
②复合宾语由宾语加宾语补足语构成,补足语是对宾语的补充说明,宾语与补足语间有逻辑上的主谓关系操练4请挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.HowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclassPleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewcomputerformelastweek.Mr.Brownisgoingtoteachuschemistrynextterm.操练4请挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.HowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclassPleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewcomputerformelastweek.Mr.Brownisgoingtoteachuschemistrynextterm.
五、补语基本概念补充说明宾语或主语的意义、状态等,分别叫做宾语补足语和主语补足语句中位置宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后,主语补足语通常置于主语和谓语之后表现形式名词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)典型例句Wemadehimour_monitor.(宾补,名词)Ifounditdifficulttolearnmaths.(宾补形容词)Weshowedhimaround.(宾补,副词)Themachinewasfoundin_a_bad_state.(主补,介词短语)Thefactorywasorderedto_be_closed.(主补,不定式短语)Hewasseenopening_the_window.(主补,现在分词短语)Hehasjusthadhishair_cut.(宾补,过去分词)操练5请找出下列句中的补足语l.WecallherLilysometimes.
2.1sawJerrygetonthebus.操练5请找出下列句中的宾语补足语
1.WecallherLilysometimes.sawJerrygetonthebus.
六、定语基本概念定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的句子成分,它说明人或物的状态、品质、数量及所属关系等句中位置单个的词常放在被修饰的名词前,短语和从句放在所修饰的名词之后;副词常放在被修饰的名词后;不定代词的定语常放在其后表现形式名词、形容词、代词、数词、副词、名词所有格、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词(短语)、介词短语、从句典型例句Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)Therearethirty_womenteachersinourschool.(数词、名词)Womentherewerelivingaterriblelife.(副词)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirstto_enter_the_classroom.(代词、不定式短语)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)Heisreadinganarticleabout_how_to_learn_English.(介词短语)Thisisthebookthat_he_bought_yesterday.(从句)操练6请划出下列句中的定语WhatisyourfamilynameTheboyinblueisTom.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.操练6请划出下列句中的定语WhatisyourfamilynameTheboyinblueisTom.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.
七、同位语基本概念对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位句中位置常常置于被说明的词之后表现形式名词、代词、数词、从句典型例句Mr.Smithour_new_teacherisverykindtous.(名词)HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingcapital__of_China(名词)Theybothwenttothecinema.(代词)Isthisroomforustwo(数词)Iheardthenewsthat_our_team_had_won.(从句)Ihavenoideawhen_he_will_be_back.(从句)【特别提示】that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheexamistrue我通过了考试这一消息是真的(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容)Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息)
八、状语基本概念修饰动词、形容词、副词以及句子,表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等句中位置比较灵活状语分类时间、原因、地点、目的、让步、程度、条件、结果、方式、比较、伴随状语等表现形式副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、独立结构、从句等典型例句Theoldmansatinthechairmotionless_and_speechless.(形容词,方式)Themeetinglastedan_hour.(名词,时间)Dinner_being_readymothercalledustothetable.(独立结构时间)Therearemanykindsoflivingthingsin_the_sea.(介词短语,地点)Theoldbuildingswerepulleddownbecauseanewroadwillbebuilthere.(从句,原因)HewenttoAustraliain_order_to_find_a_better_job.(不定式短语,目的)Hespokesofastthat_l_couldnt_follow_him.(从句,结果)lfjt_rainswewillnotgohiking.(从句条件)In_spite_of_my_great_effortsIfailed.(介词短语,让步)Hewasdeeplymoved.(副词,程度)Shewentupstairssinging_and_smiling.(分词,伴随)Theweatherwasworsethan_l_had_expected.(从句,比较)【特别提示】
①一些表示频度的副词,如alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldom等除特别强调放在句首外,通常置于句中;
②同一句中如果有多个状语出现,一般方式状语在前,然后依次是地点、时间、原因、结果、目的状语等同一状语有多个出现时,一般小的在前,大的在后Hewasdoinghishomeworkattentively_at_home_from_7:00~9:00_yesterday_evening操练8请划出下列句中的状语Everynighthepracticesplayingthepiano.Wemustworkhardtopasstheexam.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.操练8请划出下列句中的状语Everynighthepracticesplayingthepiano.Wemustworkhardtopasstheexam.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.精讲二五种基本句型(20分钟)英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础,其他如定语、状语等均是句子的次要或附加部分只要掌握了这五种基本句式,当遇到较复杂的句子时运用这些基本句式进行分析,对句子的理解也就变得容易多了在写作中,必须写好这些最基本的句型英语五种基本句型列式如下基本句型一SV(主+谓)基本句型二SVP(主+系+表)基本句型三SVO(主+谓+宾)基本句型四SVOiOd(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
一、SV(主语+谓语)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等
(1)这些动词常见的有takeplacehappenbreakoutappeardisappearapologizearrivecomedieexistfallrisehang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等⑵有些动词如washsellburnwritecleandrawcookread等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质Thesunwasshining.Weallbreatheeatanddrink.WhocaresWhathesaiddoesnotmatter.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.Thepenwritessmoothly.
二、SVP(主语+系动词+表语)在该句型中,句子的谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思这类动词叫做连系动词连系动词分两类⑴表示状态的连系动词这些词有belookseemappearsmelltastesoundsitstandliekeepremainstay等⑵表示转变或结果的系动词这些词有becomegetgrowturngocomeprove等ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thedinnersmellsgood.Hefellinlove.Everythinglooksdifferent.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.Ourwellhasgonedry.Hisfaceturnedred.
三、SVO(主语+谓语+宾语)这种句型中的动词为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语另外,动词或动词短语跟非谓语动词作宾语时,有些只跟不定式,而有些只跟动名词跟不定式做宾语的动词有affordagreechoosedecidedemanddesiredeterminefailhopemanageofferplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseekthreatenwisharrangelearnetc.跟动名词做宾语的动词和短语有:acknowledge(承认)admitappreciate(感激)avoidconsiderdelaydenydislikepreventenjoyescapefinishimaginekeepmindpracticequit(放弃)risk(cant)standsuggestadvise等;动词短语有giveupputofffeellikesetaboutinsiston等WhoknowstheanswerShesmiledherthanks.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.Heenjoysreading..Theyatewhatwasleftover.Hesaid“Goodmorning.”Iwanttohaveacupoftea.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.
四、SVOiOd(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)此句型谓语动词须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者,即直接宾语和间接宾语这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物:跟双宾语的动词有awardgiveofferbringbuyshowbringleavelendpasspaypromisesendtaketellgetbookfetchfindmakeorder等该句型还可转换为其他两种句型:⑴动词+宾语+forsb.(buyprovide)o⑵动词+宾语+tosb.(giveoffershowlend)Sheorderedherselfanewdress.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.Heboughtyouadictionary./Heboughtadictionaryforyou.Ishowedhimmypictures./lshowedmypicturestohim.Igavemycarawash.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.
五、SVOC(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)在英语中,有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作,这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,这是与双宾语的不同之处一些动词后面常跟复合宾语这类动词有letseewatchhearhelpfeelkeepcallmakefindtellaskthinkwant等Theyappointedhimmanager.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.Thissetthemthinking.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.WhatmakeshimthinksoWesawhimout.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.Isawthemgettingonthebus.【查漏补缺】
一、分析下列句子成分Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.ItisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyouAllofusconsideredhimhonest.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.Hebrokeapieceofglass.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.---1loveyoumorethanherchild.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.Theypushedthedooropen.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.AllthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteachingWeneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.Dontgetnervoushelpyourselftowhatyoulike.分析下列句子成分
2.主语+系动词+表语宾语补足语
4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
6.主语+动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+宾语
8.主语+系动词+表语宾语补足语
10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
11.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语12主语+及物动词+宾语
13.主语+及物动词+宾语
14.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
15.主语+系动词+表语
二、翻译练习主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)
1.主语+系动词+表语
2.主语+系动词+表语
3.主语+及物动词+宾语
4.主语+不及物动词
5.主语+及物动词+宾语
6.主语+不及物动词。