阅读D篇历年真题1

2022-2020阅读理解D篇历年真题合集2022年新高考全国卷I卷Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2000differentsoundsfromthecommon“manda”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.ButwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothersAground-breakingfive-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworldslanguages.Morethan30yearsagothescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentalssuchasFandweremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurichSwitzerlandhasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（对齐）makingithardtoproducelabiodentalswhichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Laterourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（结构）makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidnthavetodoasmuchworkandsodidntgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicagewiththeuseof“fandincreasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300000yearago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeingsbutratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution“saidStevenMoranamemberoftheresearchteam.WhichaspectsofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasisresearchfocusonA.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.WhywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentalsTheyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.Whatisparagraph5mainlyaboutSupportingevidencefortheresearchresults.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsoundsA.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.参考答案32-35DCAC2022年新高考全国卷II卷Asweageevenifwerehealthytheheartjustisntasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodontexercisethechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginningitisflexiblebutputitinadrawerfbr20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybrokensaysDr.BenLevineaheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.Thatswhathappenstotheheart.FortunatelyforthoseinmidlifeLevineisfindingthatevenifyouhaventbeenanenthusiasticexercisergettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic（无氧）exercise一balancetrainingandweighttraining——threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyearsthesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldheartsJsaysLevine.Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump（泵送）alotmorebloodduringexercise.Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidntchangehesays.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercisingifyouhaventalreadyisinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhasflexibility/9Levinesays.Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogramandnothinghappenedtothematall.Dr.NiecaGoldbergaspokeswomanfbrtheAmericanHeartAssociationsaysLevinesfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberbandA.Therightwayofexercising.B.Thecausesofaheartattack.C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.InwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesignA.Dietplan.B.Professionalbackground.C.Exercisetype.D.Previousphysicalcondition.WhatdoesLevinesresearchfindMiddle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.Themoreexercisewedothestrongerourheartsget.

35.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggestA.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.参考答案32-35DCAC2021年新高考全国卷I卷Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional（情感的）intelligence.ManypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinapersonsmakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtestsuchascharactermotivationconfidencementalstabilityoptimismand“peopleskills.Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalitiesbutmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatientswhileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupporttheoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重视）onemotionbyemployerseducatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirablewehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecadesadvancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（视角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligencewithitsfocusonbothheadandheartmayservetopointusintherightdirection.WhatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligenceA.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseapersonsmind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson5spositivequalities.Whydoestheauthormentiondoctorandcheaterinparagraph2A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.WhatistheauthorsattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligenceA.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.WhatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligenceA.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.参考答案32-35DBAB2021年新高考全国卷II卷AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattleadevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthafsreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.SalahSukkariehaprofessorattheUniversityofSydneyseesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenareaging.Heisbuildingafour-wheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.Itwillusecamerasandsensorstomonitortheanimals.Acomputersystemwillanalyzethevideotodeterminewhetheracowissick.Radiotags（标签）ontheanimalswillmeasuretemperaturechanges.Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringtheshapecolorandtexture（质地）ofgrass.Thatwaycattlemenwillknowwhethertheyneedtomovetheircattletoanotherfieldfornutritionpurposes.Machineshavelargelytakenoverplantingwateringandharvestingcropssuchascornandwheatbutthemonitoringofcattlehasgonethroughfewerchanges.ForTexascattlemanPeteBondsitsincreasinglydifficulttofindworkersinterestedinwatchingcattle.ButBondsdoesntbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry-andfailedattemptstousetechnology-haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.Bondswhoboughthisfirstcattlealmost50yearsagostillhaseachofhiscowboysinspect300or400cattledailyandlookforsignsthatananimalisgettingsick.Othercattlemenseemorepromiseinrobots.MichaelKelseyParisvicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemensAssociationsaidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.Cattletendtobekeptinremoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisenmakingthemappealingtargets.Whatisaproblemwiththecattle-raisingindustryA.Soilpollution.B.Lackofworkers.C.Agingmachines.D.Lowprofitability.WhatwillSukkariehsrobotbeabletodoA.Monitorthequalityofgrass.B.Curethediseasedcattle.C.Movecattletoanotherfield.D.Predictweatherchanges.WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattleA.Hewantstohelpthemearnaliving.B.Hethinksmencandothejobbetter.C.Heisinexperiencedinusingrobots.D.Heenjoysthetraditionalwayoflife.HowmayrobotshelpwithcattlewatchingaccordingtoMichaelKelseyA.Increasethevalueofcattle.B.Bringdownthecostoflabor.C.Makethejobmoreappealing.D.Keepcattlefrombeingstolen.参考答案32-35BABD2021八省联考Theaveragebearitseemsisgettingeversmarter.Firstitturnedoutthatatleastonecanuseacomb.Nowitappearsthatsomecancounttoo.JenniferVonkofOaklandUniversityinMichiganandMichaelBeranfromGeorgiaStateUniversitysetthreeAmericanblackbearsthetaskofdistinguishingbetweennumericallylargerandsmallergroupsofdots（点）onacomputerscreen.InreturnforafoodrewardonebearBrutuswouldtouchthemoreheavilydottedpatternwithhisnose.TheothersBellaandDustywouldtouchthescreenwiththeirclaws（爪子）.AstheresearchersreportinAnimalBehaviorthebearsdidbestwithpatternswherethecoloureddotsdidnotmoveandwheremoreofthemalsotookupalargercolouredarea.Thiscouldbeexplainedbythebearsdistinguishingthedifferentareasofcolourratherthantrulycountingthedots.Howeverthethreebearsmanagedtopickoutthebiggernumberofdotseveninpairsofpatternswherefewerdotstookupalargerarea.Movingpatternswhereeachdotfolloweditsownpatharoundthescreenweremoreofachallenge.ButBrutusatleastwasnotdefeated.Heseemedtobecountingmobiledotsevenwhenthescientiststriedtomisleadhimbymovingthetotalcolouredareaofthedotsatthesametime.Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeofintelligence.Theyfacealotofchallengeswhentryingtogetfood.Theyarehoweveralwaysaloneandsodonothavethecomplexsocialsystemsthatcontributetoanimalsmarts.Perhapsthentheirmathsskilldevelopedbecausetheycannotcountontheirfriendsforhelp.WhattaskdidthescientistssetforthethreebearsDistinguishingdifferentdotpatterns.Figuringoutdifferentcoloursofdots.Puttingthedotsintodifferentlycolouredgroups.Pickingoutthegroupwithalargernumberofdots.Forthebearsthetaskwaseasierwhen.thecoloureddotsweremovingslowlythedotpatternswereregularinshapethedotsfollowedapathonthescreenmoredotscoveredalargercolouredareaWhatmayexplainthebears9highdegreeofintelligence参考答案32-35DDBB2020山东卷AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearchboththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份），itsthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabitstheresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbeganeachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstatetheactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuittakingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.Howevertheytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtestinonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercaseshetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenweremakingdecisions.IfthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmoresowillLCallittheTilhavewhatsheshaving“effect.Howeverwelladjusttheinfluence.IfanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportionTilholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.ButifathinpersoneatsalotTilfollowsuit.IfhecaneatmuchandkeepslimwhycantIWhatistherecentstudymainlyaboutA.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpolesinparagraph1refertoA.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.WhydidtheresearchershiretheactorToseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluenceaccordingtothelastparagraphA.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.参考答案12-15DDAC2020海南卷Rainforestsarehometoarichvarietyofmedicinalplantsfoodbirdsandanimals.Canyoubelievethatasinglebush（灌木丛）intheAmazonmayhavemorespeciesofantsthanthewholeofBritain!About480varietiesoftreesmaybefoundinjustonehectareofrainforest.Rainforestsarethelungsoftheplanet-storingvastquantitiesofcarbondioxideandproducingasignificantamountoftheworldsoxygen.Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemforensuringtheirownsurvival;thetalltreesmakeacanopy（树冠层）ofbranchesandleaveswhichprotectthemselvessmallerplantsandtheforestanimalsfromheavyrainintensedryheatfromthesunandstrongwinds.Amazinglythetreesgrowinsuchawaythattheirleavesandbranchesalthoughclosetogetherneveractuallytouchthoseofanothertree.Scientiststhinkthisistheplantswaytopreventthespreadofanytreediseasesandmakelifemoredifficultforleaf-eatinginsectslikecaterpillars.Tosurviveintheforestanimalsmustclimbjumporflyacrossthegaps.Thegroundflooroftheforestisnotalltangledleavesandbusheslikeinfilmsbutisactuallyfairlyclear.Itiswheredeadleavesturnintofoodforthetreesandotherforestlife.Theyarenotcalledrainforestsfornothing!Rainforestscangenerate75%oftheirownrain.Atleast80inchesofrainayearisnormal-andinsomeareastheremaybeasmuchas430inchesofrainannually.Thisisrealrain——yourumbrellamayprotectyouinashowerbutitwontkeepyoudryifthereisafullrainstorm.Injusttwohoursstreamscanrisetentotwentyfeet.Thehumidity（湿气）oflargerainforestscontributestotheformationofraincloudsthatmaytraveltoothercountriesinneedofrain.WhatcanwelearnaboutrainforestsfromthefirstparagraphA.Theyproduceoxygen.B.Theycoveravastarea.C.Theyarewellmanaged.D.Theyarerichinwildlife.WhichofthefollowingcontributesmosttothesurvivalofrainforestsA.Heavyrains.B.Bigtrees.C.Smallplants.D.Forestanimals.WhydotheleavesandbranchesofdifferenttreesavoidtouchingeachotherA.Formoresunlight.B.Formoregrowingspace.C.Forself-protection.D.Forthedetectionofinsects.WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextA.Life-GivingRainforestsB.TheLawoftheJungleC.AnimalsintheAmazonD.WeatherinRainforests参考答案12-15DBCA。