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英语常见派生词汇编
一、常见前缀anti-反、抗、阻、排斥”anti-bacterial抗菌的anti-body抗体anti-fascist反法西斯主义者anti-gas防毒气的anti-imperialist反帝的anti-JapaneseWar抗日战争anti-popular反人民的anti-virus抗病毒auto-自动的、自己的”autoalarm自动报警器autobiographer自传autocoder自动编码器irrespective不考虑、不顾irresponsible不承担责任的inter-相互、之间”interchange交换intercommunication相互交流interconnect使相互联系international国际的internet互联网interpose插入macro-(大),micro-微、小”macroclimate大气候microscope显微镜产品microclimate小气候microphone麦克风mid-“中、半”midday中午midnight半夜midterm期中的mid-aged中年的mini-“微小的”minibus中客车、面包车minicab微型出租车minicam微型摄像机minicomputer微机minimize使缩到最小minimum最小量minipark小公园miniskirt超短裙、迷你裙mis-“坏、错、误”misapply误用、滥用misbecome不适合于misbehave使行为不当misbehavior不正当行为misbelief错误的信仰misbirth流产、堕胎miscalculate算错、估错miscarry(信件)送错misconduct办错、对…处理不当misdate写错日期misdeed不端行为、罪行misdirect指错方向misdoing坏事、恶行miseducation错误教育misfortune不幸、灾祸misguide误导、误入岐途misinterpret曲解、译错mislead错导mislike嫌、厌恶mismatch(婚姻)错配misname叫错名misplace放错地方misread读错mistake错解mistime使不合时宜mistrust不信任misunderstand误解misuse误用multi-“多”multiform多形式的multilingual多语言的multimedia多媒体multi-national多民族的multipolar多极的multipurpose多种用途的non-“非、不”nonmetal非金属noncooperation不合作noneffective无效的、无战斗力的nonessential不重要的nonexistence不存在noninvolvement不干涉nonlogical不合逻辑的non-mechanized非机械化的nonnatural非天然的、违背自然的nonpayment不支付nonperformance不履行、不实行over-“过分、过度、外”overact做得过分overage过老的overall包括一切的overbalance使失去平衡overblow吹散overbuild过多建筑overbusy太忙的overcareful过分小心的overcoat大衣、夕卜衣overcome克月艮overcritical批评过多的overcrop过度耕作而使土地贫瘠overcrowd使拥挤overdevelop过度发展overdo把…...做得过头overdose给(药)过量overdrive驱使过度overeat使吃得过多overemphasize过分强调overextend使过分延长overfill把•••...装得过满overfulfil!超额完成overfull太满的overgrow种得过多、长得过快overhang悬于••・・・・之上overheat使过热overlay在・・・上铺盖overload使超载overlong太长的overlook眺望、检查overman使超编overproduce生产过乘Uoverproduction生产过乘ljoverreach超越overreact反应过度overrun使跑得快oversea在海外oversee鸟瞰、检查oversell卖得过多overwork过度操劳pre-“先、前、预先”prewar战前prehistoric史前的prepay预付precondition先决条件re-“重、再、复”rewrite重写return返回review复习recycle再循环reuse再利用redo再做、重做reread重读sub-“附属的、次级的、亚的”subhead小标题subway地铁subcommittee小组委员会submarine潜艇subsoil下层土subeditor副编辑、审稿员subhuman低于人类的subsonic来音速的tele-“远程的”telephone电话television电视telescope望远镜telecommunication远程通信tri-“三”、“三次”、“三倍”triangle三角形tricycle三轮车triplane三翼飞杨trisect把裁成三断tribasicacid三元酸autography亲笔签名automatically自动地automobile汽车、机动车bi-century两百年的bicycle自行车bilingual双语的bi-monthly双月的binocular双目的、双筒的bioxide二氧化物co-“共同、一起”coauthor合著者之一coheir共同继承人co-operation合作counter-“反、逆”ultra-“过极的”,“极端的”ultra-left极〃左〃的ultra-leftist极左分子ultra-right极右的ultrashort极短的ultrathin极瘦的ultra-conservation过于保守的ultra-democracy极端民主的ultrafashionable极其流行的ultramodern极其现代化的ultranationism极端民族主义ultrarapid超速的un-“不”,构成形容词或动词unable不能的unacceptable不能接受的unaffected未受影响的unadaptable不能适应的unadmitted不让进入的unadopted未采用的unadvisable不适当的unallowable不能允许的unapproved未经同意的unartificial非人工的、自然的unassisted无助的unavailable无法利用的unawakened未醒的、潜伏的unaware不知道的unbalance使不平衡unbelief不信unbend弄直unbreakable不易破碎的unbroken未破损的、完整的unbuild拆毁uncertain不确信的unchangeable不变的unclose打开uncritical不加批判的uncultured未受教育的uncomfortable不舒服的uncover暴露undated未注明日期的undecided未决定的unemployed未受雇佣的、失业的undetermined未确定的undeveloped未开发的、不发达的undiscovered未被发现的undivided未分开的undress使脱衣服uneasy心神不安的unearth发掘uneconomical不节俭的unfold展开unhealthy不健康的unimportant不重要的unkind不和善的unlock开启(锁)unnecessary多余的unpack打开(包裹等)unpleasant不高兴的untie解开、松开(绳索等)前缀under-1用在动词前,“过低,不足”undercapitalize投资不足underdo不尽全力做underdevelop发展不足underdrain暗渠排水undergo经历underload欠载underman使人员配备不足under-nourished营养不足的underpaid少付・・・工资underreport少报、低估
2.用在名词前,”在…下面的、较低的,内”underage未成年的underclerk下级职员,助理办事员underclothes内衣undercurrent潜流underdrainage地下排水underemployment就业不足的undergardener助理花工undergarments(一件)内衣undergraduate研究生underground地下的undergrowth发育不全underline在・・・下划线underpass地道underpants内裤underpopulation人口稀少underproduction生产不足undersea海底的undersecretary助理秘书underskirt衬裙
30.前缀vice-“副、次”、“代理”vice-chairman副主席vice-governor副州长vice-premier副总理vice-president副总统
二、常见后缀-able有……可能的、可以……的”,构成形容词:acceptable可以接受的、合意的accessible容易接近的、得到的adjustable可调整的、可调节的admirable令人钦佩、值得敬仰的avoidable可避免的unbelievable难以置信的comfortable舒适的、感到安慰的comparable可以相比considerable值得考虑的downloadable可下载的endurable可忍的、能持久的expellable可驱逐的、应开除的honorable荣誉的、光荣的incredible难以令人置信的miserable悲惨的、可怜的navigable可航的reasonable合情合理的respectable可敬的responsible有责任的、负责的sustainable能持续的、能维持的terrible可怕的、恐怖的、骇人的unthinkable不可思议的valuable值钱的、贵重的visible看得见的、可视的-age“身份”,构成抽象名词disadvantage劣势、弱点marriage婚姻pupilage学生身份passage段落、文章percentage百分数、百分率shortage缺少storage贮藏、保管teenage少年的al-构成抽象名词arrival至U达withdrawal收回refusal拒绝approval批准、认可survival生存revival苏醒、复活dismissal打发、免职proposal提议removal移动、调动revival(对旧时事物的兴趣)恢复terminal终端trial试、试用、审判-al构成形容词economical节省的、节俭的electrical电的elemental基本的emotional激动的counteragent反作用剂counter-attack反击countercharge反诉、反告countercurrent逆向电流counterrevoluntionist反革命分子countermarch反向行进countermine反水雷的水雷counterproposal反提案counterspy反间谍
6.de-“离开、否定、减少”decentralize分散decentre使离开中心decompose分解decontrol解除对...的管制decrease减少environmental环境的ethical伦理的grammatical语法的memorial记忆的medical医学的maternal母亲的、母方的mental精神的、脑力的municipal都市的、市政/市立的musical音乐的national民族的natural自然界的occasional偶然的、特殊场合的official官员的oriental严厉的、冷酷的、残忍的original起初的、原始的、独创的operational操作的、运作的paternal父亲的、父方的penal刑事的、刑法的periodical周期性的、定期的personal个人的political政治的practical切实际的professional专业的、职业的psychological心理的recreational娱乐的、休养的rural乡下的、田园的、乡味的spiritual精神神上的social社会的technical拔术的tidal潮汐的traditional传统的universal通用的/普遍的、世界的vegetal植物的、植物性的-an-ian“人、……职业者”,构成名词American美国人electrician电学家Italian意大利人Iranian伊朗人librarian图书馆管理员magician魔术师、巫师mathematician数学家musician音乐家Palestinian巴勒斯坦人的politician政治家Russian俄国人statistician统计学家technician技术员、技师vegetarian素食的、素食者-ant/-ent构成形容词distant遥远的important重要的silent安静的patient耐心的absent迟到的different不同的convenient方便的excellent优秀的intelligent聪明的、有才智的negligent疏忽的obedient服从的permanent永久的resistant反抗的respondent被告servant仆人tyrant暴君urgent紧急的、急迫的subsequent随后的、随继的violent暴力的militant好战的-ance-ence构成动作名词或抽象名词acceptance接受appearance外表allowance允许assistance援助、帮助attendance出席avoidance避免consequence后果、结果convenience方便correspondence通讯dependence依靠disturbance打扰difference不同emergence紧急情况entrance进口existence存在presence出现performance表演、执行ignorance无矢口influence影响interference干扰intelligence聪明emergence出现permanence永久的performance轨行presence出现endurance忍耐、耐劳absence不在resemblance相似(之处)resistance坚持fluence流利evidence明显、证据diligence勤奋distance距离disturbance打扰guidance指弓inference推论innocence清白、无罪intendance监督、管理negligence疏忽、粗心大意permanence永久性、持久性obedience顺从、服从occurrence发生、出现precedence领先、在前preference偏爱offence触怒、冒犯significance重要性subsequence随后、后来violence暴力-dom构成名词kingdom王国freedom自由-ed构成形容词amused有趣的是astonished令人惊讶的blessed神圣的、受惠的bored无聊的、无趣的、烦人的complicated复杂的disappointed令人人失望的delighted令人高兴的excited兴奋的、激昂的experienced有经验的faded褪色的learned博学的related相关的skilled熟练的united联合的、统一的10-ee-eer-er-or构成表人的名词announcer宣布者、广播员beginner初学者builder建设者calculator计算器/机circulator传播人、循环器competitor竞争人、对手conductor导体、售票员director指导者、导演employee被雇佣者engineer工程师examinee受试人indicator指示者interviewee被采访者milker挤奶人nominee被提名者deform使变形degrade使降级depress压下、降低desalt除去...的盐分devalue降低价值
7.dis-否定或相反”disable使无能disability无能disadvantage缺点、弱势disagree不同意disappear消失disapprove不赞同disarrange使混乱discharge卸disclose揭开passer过路客placer放置者rubber按摩师runner经营者、赛跑人singer歌手teller讲述人tailor裁缝trainer训练人thinker思考人visitor指导者、理事、导演volunteer志原者waiter服务生writer作者、写手-en形容词后的-en构成及物动词;名词后的-en构成形容词brighten使发亮deepen使…加深flatten把…弄平frighten使惊恐harden使变硬heighten提高lengthen延长loosen放松ripen使成熟sharpen削尖soften弄软shorten缩短stiffen变疆硬strengthen使…加强、加强thicken加厚threaten威胁tighten使变紧weaken减弱widen使…加宽worsen使…更糟wooden木的woolen羊毛的-ess构成表“雌性”的名词actress女演员goddess女神hostess女主人stewardess女乘务员waitress侍者-free”免……的、无……的”,构成形容词gravity-free无重力的、无引力的water-free不漏水的tax-free免税的ice-free不冻的interest-free无息的-ful“满”,构成形容词beautiful漂亮的merciful仁慈的careful小心的、谨慎的doubtful怀疑的、疑惑的dreadful可怕的、令人敬畏的faithful守信的fateful命中注定的fearful可怕的forgetful健忘的frightful可怕的、讨厌的helpful有助的hopeful充满希望的regretful悔恨的resourceful资源丰富的respectful恭敬的skillful熟练的sorrowful悲伤的successful成功的tearful含泪的wonderful精彩的-ful构成表“容量单位”名词aarmfulof…一抱basketful一满篮bucketful满桶handful一把mouthful满口spoonful一匙(的量)-hood构成抽象名词childhood童年、早期falsehood谬误、谎言livelihood生活、生计priesthood传教土(身份)-ic构成形容词automatic自动的basic基本的characteristic特征的classic最优秀的、一流的economic经济的enthusiastic热情的electric电的、导电的energetic精力充沛的gymnastic体操的、体育的heroic英勇的historic有历史意义的magic魔法、魔术的(只作定语)materialistic唯物主义的organic有机体的patriotic爱国的、有爱国热情的simplistic过于简化的symbolic象征性的systematic系统的、体系的-ice“性质”,构成名词justice公正notice通知-ics构成学科名词gymnastics体育、体操physics物理学politics政治学mathematics算术、数学-ing构成名词或形容词amusing逗笑的astonishing惊讶的blessing幸事、赐福boring令人厌烦的boxing装箱、拳击flaming燃烧的greeting问候misunderstanding误会promising有前途的remaining剩余物satisfying令人满意的suffering痛苦、苦难training训I练-ish构成形容词feverish发烧的、热病的foolish傻的Swedish瑞典的Spanish西班牙的-ism……主义”构成名词Buddhism佛教communism共产主义escapism逃避现实extremism极端主义hegemonism霸权主义imperialism帝国主义patriotism爱国主义protectionism保护主义socialism社会主义terrorism恐怖主义tourism旅游业-ist”……主义者、从事……职业者”,构成名词archaeologist考古学家bioiogist生物学家botanist植物学家chemist化学家communist共产主义者colonist殖民地居民、殖民者copyist抄写员economist经济学家extremist极端主义分子geologist地质学家imperialist帝国主义者physicist物理学家discolor使褪色、污染disconnect分离discontinuous不连续的discontinue中止discount折扣discourage使泄气discover发现diseconomy不景气disengage解除disfavour不喜欢、不赞成、反感disillusion使幻灭、醒悟disloyal不忠诚的disobedient不服从的disorder混乱disorganize瓦解psychologist心理学者receptionist接待员specialist专家sociologist社会学家scientist科学家terrorist恐怖分子typist打字员tourist旅游者zoologist动物学家-ive构成否定形容词active活泼的aggressive冒犯的、侵略的attractive吸引人的、有魅力的comparative比较的、相对的compensative弥补的conservative保存/防腐的、保守的defensive防御的definitive决定的、确定的effective有效的、生效的indicative象征的、预示的instructive有教育意义的interruptive中断的、阻碍的massive巨大的offensive唐突的、冒犯的oppressive残酷的、压迫的originative有创造力的persuasive有说服力的predictive预言性的、预兆的productive生产的progressive进步的、向前进的protective防护的relative有关系的representative代表的restorative滋补的restrictive限制的、约束的suggestive暗示的、示意的terminative终止的、结束的-ize构成及物动词actualize实现、使现实化analyse分析apologize道歉、辩白categorize分类colonize殖民于organize组织realize实现-less构成否定形容词cordless无绳的careless粗心的hopeless无望的doubtless无疑的helpless无助的restless还安的rustless无锈的、不锈的-let“小东西”构成名词armlet臂环anklet脚镣booklet小册子bracelet手铐hamlet村庄leaflet传单28-ly构成的形容词brotherly兄弟般的costly昂贵的daily日常的friendly友好的lively活泼的lonely孤独的lovely可爱的monthly每月的orderly整洁的quarterly每四分之一的weekly每周的yearly每年的-ly构成的副词accurately精确地annually年度性的apparently明显地basically基本地bitterly痛苦地clearly清澈地coldly冰冷地constantly不断的、经常的coolly凉快地effectively有效地ethically合乎道德地exactly精确地factually事实上fairly相当的fearfully可怕地fiercely凶猛地finally最终地financially节省地forgetfully健忘地frequently频繁地generally一般地gratefully感激地habitually习以为常地happily幸福地hopefully充满希望地indirectly间接地initially最初的jokingly开玩笑地largely大量地laughingly带着笑地mercifully仁慈地naturally自然地orally口头地particularly特别地personally亲自地properly恰当地permanently永久地possibly可能地potentially潜在地practically实际上primarily起初rarely很少really真正地recently最近relatively相对地roughly粗糙地severely严严地similarly相似地simply间单地singularly单独地slightly轻微地smartly剧烈地smilingly微笑地specially特别地steadily稳定地steadily稳固地steeply陡峭地successfully成功地surprisingly惊奇地swiftly疾速地thickly厚实地thinly稀薄地tightly紧迫地totally统统地、总共地truly真正地understandingly有理解力地usefully有用地usually通常地uselessly无用地utterly彻底地、绝对地-ment构成抽象名词adjustment调整advertisement广告agreement协议amusement娱乐、消谴announcement宣布appointment约定en-em-使,加强”embitter使痛苦enable使能够encase把装箱enclose包围enchain使链接encourage使有勇气endanger使危险enlarge使扩大enrich使富裕enrobe用…包住enslave使…成为奴隶enthrone力口冕entrain登上火车ex-“前”argument争论arrangement安排astonishment惊讶attachment连接、附件confinement限制development发展disillusionment醒悟、幻灭disappointment失望embarrassment窘迫equipment装备establishment建立、设立excitement兴奋government政府improvement改进、改良judgment判断lodgment住宿movement运动pavement人行道reinforcement增援、支援requirement需要settlement定居点supplement增补、补充treatment待遇-ness构成抽象名词bitterness苦carelessness粗心clearness清楚coolness凉爽correctness正确dampness潮湿darkness黑暗dullness阴沉directness直接eagerness渴望、热切effectiveness有效exactness精确flatness平坦forgetfulness健忘heaviness重kindness慈祥nervousness紧张permanentness永久性quickness迅速roughness粗糙sadness难过shallowness浅sharpness锐利shortness短slowness慢smartness精明steadiness稳定性usefulness实用-ous或-ious构成形容词adventurous冒险ambitious有雄心的、野心勃勃的cautious小心的、谨慎的conscious有意识的、有知觉的continuous继续的desirous渴望的envious忌妒的、猜忌的humorous幽默的、诙谐的industrious勤奋的infectious传染的、有坏影响的mountainous多山的、山区的mysterious神秘的nervous神经的、易激动的nutritious有营养的poisonous有毒的prosperous兴旺的、繁荣的rebellious造反的、反抗的religious宗教的repetitious重复的、反复的tyrannous暴政的、专横的various各样的、多种多样的-port构成名词passport通行证airport机场seaport海港-ship表示性质、职业、份、技能等,构成抽象名词citizenship公民身份friendship友谊leadership领导marksmanship射击术professorship教授职位scholarship学者sportsmanship体育道德-sion构成抽象名词admission允许、承认、首肯aggression侵略collision碰撞comparison比较conclusion结论、结束confession承认confusion7昆舌Lconversion变换、转化diversion转向、转移emission散发、发射erosion腐蚀expansion张开、伸展expression词组、表达式invasion入侵、侵略omission省略、遗漏oppression压迫、压制Jpermission允许procession行列、队伍profession职业、专业revision修正、复习tension拉紧、紧张-th构成抽象名词birth生育、出生depth深度length长度strength力量warmth温暖width宽度youth青春-tion构成动作名词或抽象名词actualization实行、使现实化addiction增加、增加物administration管理、经营admiration钦佩、赞美application请求、应用、运用appreciation欣赏、鉴赏calculation计算celebration庆祝、典礼circulation循环、环流classification分类、类别combination结合compensation补尝、酬报competition比赛complication复杂、混乱concentration集中、专心conduction传导congratulation祝贺conservation保存、保护consideration考虑、思考consolidation巩固、加强construction建造、建筑consumption消耗、消费continuation连续、继续contradiction矛盾creation仓造cultivation耕种、开发definition解脱、定义declaration宣布、宣告declination倾斜、衰微description描写描述digestion消化edition版本education教育estimation估计、估算exceed(免除、离开)超出exception(完全)除外expense支出expose(向外;超过)揭露ex-soldier退伍军人for-fore-先,前,预”forehead前额foreman工头、工长forward向前for-“禁,弃”forbid禁forget忘记forgive原谅hexa-六”hexahedron六面体exhibition展览expectation预期、期待explanation解释exploration探索extinction熄灭evaluation演变examination检查、细查graduation毕业illustration说明、图解imitation模仿、仿造imposition负担、强加infection传染、侵染inflation充气、膨胀indication指示、指出initiation开始、创始inspection检查、审查inspiration鼓舞、激励installation安装inscription铭文、碑文insulation孤立interruption中断、遮断introduction介绍、引进investigation调查irrigation灌溉invitation邀请modernization现代化narration叙述navigation航行nomination提名nutrition营养、营养物operation操作、运转organization组织origination源于、创始、发明participation参与、参力口preparation准备preservation保存、保管prevention预防、防止promotion促进pronunciation发音purification纯化、净化quotation弓|语、语录reception接待、接见recognition认出、识别recommendation推荐recreation娱乐、消遣reflection反映、倒影repetition重复、反复representation代表reformation改革、革新restoration回复、恢复revelation展现、显露revolution革命sanitation环境卫生satisfaction满意simplification简化stimulation刺激、兴奋starvation饥饿termination结束、结局translation翻译transportation交通unification统
一、联合-ure构成抽象名词failure失败architecture建筑学mixture混合物-wards构成方位副词upwards向上downwards向下eastwards向东northwards向北southwards向南westwards向西forwards向前backwards向后towards向、朝-y构成的形容词或名词bloody有血的、血淋淋的bravery勇敢的cloudy多云的cruelty残酷difficulty困难foggy多雾的funny滑稽可笑的greedy贪婪的handy手边的healthy健康的honesty诚实hungry饥饿的icy冰凉的imaginary想像出来的legendary传奇文学、传奇故事书literary文学的loyalty忠诚misery悲惨、痛苦modesty谦虚mystery神话、神秘的事/人necessity必要性、必需品nursery托儿所penalty处罚、罚款piracy盗版poetry诗歌pregnancy怀孕rainy多雨的recovery重获、复得revolutionary革命rusty生锈的、恼火的safety安全salty咸的scenery风景、景色shady多荫的slavery奴隶制smoky冒烟的starry布满星星的steady稳固的、稳定的supplementary补充的、增补的technology技术、工艺thirsty口渴的trendy随潮流的、时髦的urgency紧急、迫切variety变化、多样性、品种wealthy富有的weary疲倦的、厌倦的windy多风的wizardry巫术41以-ity音节结尾,构成抽象名词,表性质状态ability能力accessibility易接近acidity酸味activity活动adaptability适应性adversity逆镜availability可用性captivity束缚、监禁complexity复杂性conductivity传导性creativity仓造力curiosity好奇心electricity电equality平等extensibility可延展性extremity末端、终极facility设备generosity慷慨、大方hostility敌意、敌视identity识别、鉴定inferiority下等、劣等intensity强度majority多数maturity成熟、有经验mentality智力、精神、心态minority少数hexagon六角形、六边形
13.il-im-in-ir-“不、非”illegal非法的impossible不可能的inaccurate不精确的inactive不活动的inadvisable不可取的inadaptable不能适应的inapplicable不适用的inartificial非人造的、天然的inconsequent不连贯的inconsiderable不值得考虑的inconstant不稳定的inconvenient不方便的incredible难以置信nationality民族personality个性possibility可能性potentiality潜力predictability可预报性productivity生产率prosperity繁荣、兴旺relativity相关性reliability可靠性responsibility责任security安全、安全感simplicity简单、简易society社会stability稳定性stupidity愚蠢superiority优势、优越tensity紧张、紧张度universality普遍性、一般性visibility能见度incurable治不好的incurious不好奇的independent独立的indignity无礼、污辱ineffective无效的inexistence不存在inexpert不熟练的inextensible不能伸展的infertile不肥沃的informal非正式的infrequent很少发生的injustice非正义的invisible看不见的irregular不规则的irremovable不能移动的。