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专题九介词和介词短语◎高考感知(2021•浙江高考,37)In1844theyboughtit$1200andsomelandfromCharlesDresserwhoperformedtheirmarriageceremonyin
1842.答案for句意1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯•德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯•德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼固定短语buysthfor+价格,意为“以……价格买某物”故填for(2020•全国卷I65)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moresothefamiliarnearside.答案than句意月球的背面让科学家尤其感兴趣,因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山根据设空前的比较级moreso可知,此处填介词than表示“比……更”故填than(2020•全国卷III70)Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartistearthMotherNature.答案on句意这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家一一大自然母亲所折服结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为oneartho故填on(2020•新高考I卷45)Museumsmustcompetepeople,ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.答案for句意博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱此处是固定短语competefor”为了竞争”故填for(2019•全国卷HI63)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdogsseventobeexact.答案ofapack0f是固定搭配,意为“一群故填of(2019•浙江高考,61)Theanswerthisquestionisnotclear.答案totheanswerto...的答案”故填to(2021•全国乙卷,短文改错)Inmyopinionstudentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework.答案doing前加frombenefitfromdoing.・.为固定用法,意为“得益于”故在doing前加from(2021•全国甲卷,短文改错)Somewillturnouttotheirparentsorteachersforhelp.去你们大学学习的机会applyfor“申请”,故将apply后的to改成forMyunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.答案dreams后加about/ofdreamabout/ofdoingsth“梦想做某事”Thedictionaryisout-of-date:Manywordshavebeenaddedthelanguagesinceitwaspublished.答案added后加toadd...to...“把添加到”,为固定搭配ManyofthethingswenowbenefitforwouldnotbearoundbutforThomasEdison.答案第一个for-from句意如果没有托马斯•爱迪生的话,今天我们享用的许多东西都将不存在benefitfrom“得益于”NowIamleavinghometocollege.答案to-forleave...for・•・离开去”,固定搭配III.短文改错2021•安徽省天长中学高三月考IhadwitnessedatrafficaccidentonhiswayhomefromschoollastFriday.Thetaxiknockedintoacyclingboywhowasridingacrossacrossroadsregardlesstheredlight.Whenthedriverrealizedwhatwashappeningtheboywasalreadylyingonthegroundbleedandcrying.Fortunatelyanambulancecameverysoonbuttookawaytheinjuredboy.ThoughtheboyistoblamingfortheaccidentIthinkdriversshoulddrivewithmuchcautiouswheneverpassinganyintersections.Howeverwhichmattersmostisthateveryonemustneverignorevarioustrafficregulation.答案IhkdwitnessedatrafficaccidentonhiswayhomefromschoollastFriday.
①2my/theThetaxiknockedintoacyclingboywhowasridingacrossacrossroadsregardless
③A/OneAtheredlight.Whenthedriverrealizedwhatwashappeningtheboywasalready©oflyingonthegroundbleedandcrying.Fortunatelyanambulancecameverysoon
⑤bleedingbuttookawaytheinjuredboy.
⑥andThoughtheboyistoblamingfortheaccidentIthinkdriversshoulddrivewith
⑦blamemuchcautiouswheneverpassinganyintersections.Howeverwhichmattersmost§caution/cautiousness
⑨whatisthateveryonemustneverignorevarioustrafficregulation.⑩regulations去掉had考查动词的时态根据lastFriday可知,应用一般过去时,所以助动词had是多余的故去掉hadhis-my/the考查代词或冠词句意:上星期五我在放学回家的路上目睹了一场交通事故onone,swayhome在某人回家的路上”句子主语是第一人称L故将his改为my;或者onthewayhome在回家的路上”为固定搭配,故将his改为theThe-A/One考查冠词或数词此处指“一辆出租车”表示泛指,且taxi的发音以辅音音素开头,故将The改为A/Oneregardless后加of考查介词句意一辆出租车撞上了一个不顾红灯骑车过十字路口的男孩regardlessof不管,不顾”故在regardless后加ofbleedfbleeding考查非谓语动词此处作非谓语动词,应用现在分词与crying并列作伴随状语故将bleed改为bleedingobut-and考查连词句意幸运的是,一辆救护车很快就来了,带走了受伤的男孩此处两个谓语动词表示的动作是顺承关系而非转折关系故将but改为andoblaming-*^blame考查固定搭配betoblamefor应该为某事负责任”故将blaming改为blamecautious^caution/cautiousness考查名词介词with后应用名词故将cautious改为caution/cantiousnessowhich^what考查主语从句的连接词该句是主语从句,连接词在从句中作主语,且有实在的意义指“……的事情”,所以应用what故将which改为whatregulation-regulations考查名词根据various可知,后面应用名词复数故将regulation改为regulationso答案去掉out句意有些人会向父母或老师求助turntosbforhelp是固定搭配意为“求助于某人故去掉out2020•全国卷I短文改错AfterthatIpouredoilintoapanandturnedoffthestove.答案offfon句意:之后我把油倒进一个平底锅,然后开火根据Ipouredoilintoapan及常识可知,把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子,所以此处应使用短语turnon(2020•全国卷H短文改错)ThenIcansparesometimetolearnitagainsothatwecanpracticetogetheroneveryday.答案去掉on介词on后接的是具体时间everyday表示“每一天”,前面不用任何介词修饰故去掉on(0考点归纳一常用介词的意义续表二常见的复合介词续表三介词to的搭配.与名词常见搭配thesolutiontotheproblem问题的解决方法thekeytothedoor门的钥匙theanswertothequestion问题的答案tothepoint切中要害,中肯toone,staste合某人胃口toone,ssurprise/joy/delight令某人吃惊/高兴的是approachtosth通往的路学习的方法attitudeto/towards对待的态度dancetomusic伴着音乐跳舞theentranceto的入口have/gainaccessto有的机会.与动词常见搭配devote.・.to...把用于adjust...to...调节以适应adapt...to...适应attach...to...把附在上objectto反对lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意getdowntosth开始做某事;开始认真对待某事seeto照料,处理owesthtosb欠某人某物;把归功于/归因于makecontributionsto为作出贡献begetusedto习惯于prefer...to...宁愿而不belongto属于leadto通向,导致putanendto结束beupto从事,胜任pointto指着stickto坚持holdonto抓住不放lookupto尊敬,尊重comparedto与相比beadmittedto被录取liveupto符合,达到,不辜负applyto利用,运用attendto处理,照顾;关照appealto有吸引力;呼吁;上诉respondto应答.与形容词常见搭配berelatedto与有关besensitiveto对敏感besimilarto与相似belinkedto与有关berelevantto与相关beimportantto对很重要bebeneficialto对有益beequalto等于befamiliarto对某人来说是熟悉的beblindto对视而不见beaddictedto沉溺于四常用介词与形容词的搭配beconsciousof意识至I」befondof喜爱beawareof意识到;明白bestrictwithsbinsth对某人某方面严格beworthyof值得;配得上bedifferentfrom与不同beabsentfrom缺席bepopularwith受到的欢迎bepresentat出席betiredof厌倦bebusywith忙于belostin迷失在beanxiousabout为担心beburiedin全神贯注于beashamedof因而惭愧beabsorbedin全神贯注于besuspiciousof,怀疑befamiliarwith熟悉五介词in构成的常见短语incommonwith与样inthefaceof面对intimefor正好indangerof处于危险中indefenceof为了保护inneed/wantof需要inconsequenceof由于infavourof赞成inexchangefor交换inmemoryof为了纪念inhonourof为向表示敬意inpraiseof为了赞美inchargeof负责inthechargeof由负责inpossessionof拥有inthepossessionof由拥有insearchof为了寻找intouchwith和保持联系inpreparationfor为做准备inplaceof代替,而不是inthehopeof希望inthecourseof在的过程中inthehabitof有的习惯infrontof在的前面inthefrontof在的前部intheformof以的形式inthenameof以的名义inrelationto与相关inregardto关于/至于inreturnfor作为的回报intermsof就而言inharmonywith与协调六其他介词短语专项训练I.单句语法填空SincemostofAntarcticrocksaredarkincolortheystandoutthewhitebackgroundandareeasytoidentifyandcollect.答案against句意由于大多数南极岩石颜色较深,它们在白色背景的衬托下显得格外突出,易于识别和收集standoutagainst表示“在反衬下显得醒目”,故填againstTheideaofcreatinganationalparkwasfirstdiscussedinthe1940sbutpeoplecouldn,tagreewhatsizetomakethepark.答案onagreeon是固定搭配,表示“对达成一致”HewenttoShanghaianimportantmeeting.答案for句意他去上海参加一个重要会议for在此处表示目的,其后习惯于接名词或代词HebrightenedthelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwarsandthehardyearsbetween.答案in句意在一战和二战之间的艰苦岁月里,他给英美人民的生活增添了乐趣inbetween表示“在中间,当中,故填inBulliedkidsfaceahighriskmentalhealthproblems.答案of句意受欺凌的孩子们面临着高风险的精神健康问题ariskof”……的风险”ShecontributedmorethananyotherscientistsolvingthestructureofDNA.答案to句意她在破解DNA结构方面所做的贡献,比任何一位科学家都大contribute.・・tosth/doingsth为某事/做某事作出贡献”,to为介词,后跟名词或动名词作宾语Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecordwithglobaltemperature
0.68average.答案above句意去年是有记载以来最暖和的一年,全球气温高于平均气温
0.68度根据语境thewarmestyearonrecord可知是比平均气温高
0.68度aboveaverage意为“高于平均值”InIndiaforexamplemostpeopletraditionallyeattheirhands.答案with句意在印度,大多数人历来采用手抓的方式吃饭with+人体部位或工具,表示“用……(工具)”.Thismeetingroomisanon-smokingarea;Iwouldliketowarnyouadvancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.答案in句意这个会议室是禁烟区我想提前告诫你,如果你吸烟会被罚款的inadvance预先;提前,固定搭配Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomesanimalsbothonlandandsea答案to句意你听说过这些既是陆地动物的栖息地,又是海洋动物的家园的树木吗?behometo...“是的家园或栖息地”单句改错
1.AsaChinesehighschoolstudenttograduatethisyearIsincerelyapplytoachancetostudyinyouruniversity.答案apply后的toffor句意:作为一名今年即将毕业的中国高中生,我真诚地申请介词基本词义例子with用(用于有形的工具或身体某些器官,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰);附带有;和;随着……withthismethodwithapencilwithmyowneyeswiththedevelopmentofamanwithastrongwillaladywithabookinherhandIhaveanap|xintinentwithDrBlackbutIneedtochangeit.on在……上(表面接触);一……就……;关于;是……的一员;在具体的某一天ontheplaygroundonhisarrivalalxokonhistorybeonaresearchteamonacoldeveningat在(地点、时间、空间、节日);以(某种价格、速度等);朝at4oclockintheafternoonatnightataspeedof120kmphattheSpringFestivalshoutatagainst违背;反对;对不利;倚靠;衬托againstoneswillagainstthewallaraceagainsttime1Thewhitebuildinglooksbeautifulagainstthebluesky.
②Iwonthaveyousayanythingagainstmyteacher.beyond超出……的范围,为……所不及beyondonescontrolbeyondsbbeyonddescriptionbeyondimaginationbeyondonesreachwithin在……之内;在……里面1JAdjustthedriversseatsothatallthecontnlsarewithinreach.
②Weshouldhavethetestresultswithin24hours.over在上方,在上;从上方越过;超过;在期间;恢复过来;胜过overacupofcofft^eoverChristmasovertimehaveadvantagesoversblIoyoumindtalkingaboutyourplanoverlunch
②Shehadgreatpersonalinfluenceandpoweroverherfollowers.31dontwanttotalkaboulthisoverthetelephone.across从表面穿过;横穿(马路等)acrosstheriveracrossthestreetLTheshirtistootightacrosstheshoulder.
②Abigsmilespreadacrossherface.through从内部穿过;经历过walkthroughthedoorthroughthisa*tivitydespite尽管fTheyhadawonderfulholidaydespitethehadweather.
②ShewenttoSpaindespitethefactthatherlx-torhadtoldhertorest.介词基本词义例子by表示程度或增减的幅度;按……来计算,依据;经由;乘(交通工具)bythehourjudgingbyknowsbbynamebybusIjWedefeatedthevisitingteamby3goals.2Hewentoutbythebackdoor.for给;对;为;为r得到;对来说;达;向;对于;支持;表示Ijlhaveapresentforyou.
②Ipaid$3fortheticket.
③Shelooksyoungforherage.
④1setoffforwork.
⑤Thequestionsaretoodifficultfor10-year-okls.@Wehavestudiedtheargumentsforandagainstnuclearenergy.off远离;从……上移开;在……海岸;休息;减价
①Keepoffthegrass!2/1herearealotofislandsoffthecoast.
③Youlooktired.WhydontyoutaketomorrowofT
④Ifyoubuymorethantentheyknock10%off.without没有;在没有……的情况下Uecouldnthavefinishedthetaskwithoutyourtimelyhelp.Iwsidr在……旁边Wendycameupandsatbesideme.in在……内;在(年、月、季节);在……方面;(将来)过(多久):1Shelookedinherbagbutherkeyswerenotthere.
②‘Diestn*elisalxnitamileinlength.
③Hellbebackintenminutes.of的;属F;的部分;关于……的thelastsren”ofthemovieufriendofMarksthelx*autyofthesceneryShewasseenasawomanofgreatdetennination.to/towards朝向;对;达到;去做;对于
①Shestoodupandwalkedto/towardsthewindow.
②Muchtooursurpriseshepassedtheexamwithdistinction.from从;从……开始;离……;来自;根据;1XXervgoingIotellhimonhisbirthday—dialstwoweeksfromtNlay.
②FromwhatIvrreadtlu*coinpanyseemstolwindifficulties.along沿着Walkalongthestreetandthenturnrightatthesecondcrossing.lxtweeii在(两者)之间Alotofstudentsspendayearabroadinbetweenhighschoolanduniversity.among在(三者或以上)之间Theproblemiscuusingwide-spreadconcernamongscientists.复合介词基本词义例句accordingto依据,根据……Theydividedthemselvesintothreegroupsaccordingtoage.owingto因为Owingtotheircarelessnessafirebrokeout.becauseof因为Dontbeangrybecauseofwhathesaid.Hemeantnoharm.thanksto多亏了……Thankstomyteacher,shelpIgotthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechContest.复合介词基本词义例句asfor/to至于……Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asforthetrafficwehadnodifficulty.dueto由于Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences.apartfrom除……以外Apartfromthecostthehatdoesn,tsuitme.exceptfor除了……(整体与部分的关系)Yourwritingisgoodexceptforafewgrammarmistakes.regardlessof不管……Regardlessofwhathappensmyclaimissafeandsecure.butfor要不是……ButforyourtextmessageIwouldhaveleftmyIDathome.inspiteof尽管Inspiteofthefactthattheproductissafemanypeoplestillrefusetobuyit.onaccountof因为Theirrecentprotestwascalledoffonaccountoftightenedsecurity.asaresultof由于Workersapproachingretirementshouldbesavingmorenotlessasaresultoflowrates.nextto仅次于;紧挨着Gettingthemtobuyintothesystemisnexttoimpossible.inadditionto除……以外,还有Thankfullyinadditiontochangingmajorsstudentscanchangeschools.farfrom远非……MybossaskedsomuchofmeandIbelievedthatmyjobwasfarfromhissatisfaction.aheadof在刖面Withhishelpwefinishedourtaskaheadoftime.短语词义例句forlackof因缺乏……Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesforlackofspace.onconditionthat如果,条件是(+句子)IwilllendyouthebookonconditionthatyoureturnitonMonday.withregardto关于,至于WithregardtothepartyonJuly1st1shallhepleasedtoattend.短语词义例句onbehalfof代表OnbehalfofeveryonehereIwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcoun-tiy.bymeansof凭借……Thewatermaybecarriedbymeansofapipe.incaseof万一……IncaseoffireringthealaiTnbell.。