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专题09动词不定式一易错题类型【易错题01】动词不定式作目的状语(2022新高考I卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotectedbringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.【答案】toincrease【错误分析】本题难度主要在于长难句翻译和无法找到主句的真正谓语动词,故难以判断非谓语动词【解题思路】句意该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,使许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个权威机构来增强有效性,并减少管理上的不一致性That之前为主句,之后引导定语从句toincrease作目的状语,“为了加强”(2022全国乙卷)68(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeopletheeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmediainvitingtwenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.【答案】tostrengthen【错误分析】长难句不能正确断句和找到谓语动词,逻辑意思混乱【解题思路】谓语动词为includedinviting作伴随状语,tostrengthen表目的句意为了加强与年轻人的联系,该活动包括了社交媒体上的一些公共宣传活动,邀请来自世界各地的29名茶专业人士进行36小时的不间断直播【易错题02】特殊结构和句型
1.(2022全国甲卷改错)Iwasunwillingtalkwithhimandoftendisobeyedhisruleofnotstayoutwithmyfriendstoolate.【答案】talk前加to【错误分析】对be+adj.+todo句型记忆不牢officewritethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment.【答案】Toremember【解析】考查不定式当你还没在医生办公室的时候,为了记住你有的所有问题,把它们写下来,带着这个清单去预约医生此处是不定式作目的状语故填TorememberoSeveralyearsagoWangleftShandonglivewithhischildreninMengshancounty.【答案】tolive【解析】考查不定式几年前,王离开山东,和他的孩子们一起住在蒙山县此处用不定式作目的状语故填toliveoItsimportantforthefigures【答案】tobeupdated【解析】考查不定式数据定期更新是很重要的此处it是形式主义,后面的动词不定式的复合结构是真正的主语数据是被更新的,故用不定式的被动式故填tbeupdatedoFortunatelynowadaysitismucheasiermakeeco-friendlylifestylechoices.【答案】tomake【解析】考查不定式幸运的是,现在更容易选择环保的生活方式此处it是形式主语后面的不定式短语作真正的主语故填tomakeo【解题思路】考查短语句意我不愿意和他交谈,经常违反他让我不要在外面待到很晚的规定bewillingtodo意思为愿意做,为固定短语故在talk前面加to
2.(2022-2023学年湖南永州一高入学考试)LetteringTablesScetetary-GeneraloftheWMOsaidmassivedisplacementhungerandincreasingclimateeventssuchasdroughtsandfloodingarelikely(continue).【答案】tocontinue【错误分析】对特殊结构/短语掌握不好【解题思路】考查固定结构be+likely+todo”有可能”句意世界气象组织的总干事说,大规模的流离失所饥饿和不断增加的气候事件,如干旱和洪水,很可能继续下去【易错题03】动词不定式作定语(2022全国甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXianasafirststep41(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.【答案】tojourney【错误分析】对单词journey的动词用法不熟练,导致句子逻辑意思翻译不当【解题思路】考查非谓语动词句意近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅行,step前面有序数词,应用不定式,作后置定语故填tojourneyo二举一反三(2022新高考II卷)Hepushedachairontothebalconyandclimbedup59(see)them.【答案】tosee【解析】考查非谓语动词句中的climbup为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词根据句意,todo不定式作目的状语句意过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来Idecidedtodosomething(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.【答案】toeducate【解析】考查非谓语动词句意我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题分析句子结构educatepeopleaboutthisproblem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填toChinahasnamed24126primaryandmiddleschoolsacrossthecountryspecialistfootballschoolsleadyouthfootballdevelopmentaccordingtotheMinistryofEducationMOE.【答案】tolead【解析】考查非谓语动词句意根据教育部统计,为了引导青年足球的发展,中国已经在全国范围内命名24126所中小学为足球特色学校分析句子可知,句中的谓语是hasnamed且无连词故此处应填非谓语动词根据句意,此处应填不定式做目的状语故填toleado
4.In1988ShichallengedLangwoshathethirdtime.Thistimehewasequippedwithanewlyacquiredtechniquewhichenabledmostoftheplantedtreeswellover80%survive.【答案】tosurvive【解析】考查固定短语句意这一次,他掌握了一种新的技术,使大多数种植的树木能够存活下来,存活率远远超过80%分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“enable…todosth.”,意为“使……能够做某事,survive意为“存活”,动词词性,故空格处应填“tosurvive”故填tosurviveItispossiblewalkorbiketheentire14kilometers.【答案】towalk【解析】考查动词不定式句意在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后,我们决定是时候采取行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢分析句子可知,此处为句型“it+be+adj+todosth.”,it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语故填towalkAccommodationsaimhavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.【答案】tohave【解析】考查非谓语动词句意那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小固定短语aimtodo译为“旨在,目的是故填tohaveoMary,ssisterFrancesToddWallaceoftencameoverplantflowersinthefrontyard.【答案】toplant【解析】考查动词不定式句意玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝•托德•华莱士经常来前院种花分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示;提示词plant的不定式形式为toplanto故填toplantoEventuallyDeereexpectsaddothertaskstotheautonomoustractor.【答案】toadd【解析】考查非谓语动词句意该系统包括六个摄像头,用于探测洞、岩石或其他材料当需要解决问题时通知农民固定搭配expectsbtodosth期待着做某事故填toadd三易错题通关TosolvetheproblemofscanningcodesforresidentswithoutsmartphonesespeciallytheelderlythegovernmentoftheMeilisiDaurdistrictofQiqiharHeilongjiangprovincehasworkedwithlocalpublicsecuritydepartmentspromotetheureversescanning反向扫码”.【答案】topromote【解析】考查非谓语动词句意为了解决没有智能手机的居民,特别是老年人的扫码问题黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市美丽斯达斡尔区政府与当地公安部门合作,推动“反扫码”此处用动词不定式作目的状语故填topromoteoInrecentyearsZhanghasbeendevotedlypopularizingthetraditionalflowerarrangementhopingpeoplewillbefamiliarwiththearttakeprideinitscenturies-oldhistoryandholdanabilityappreciatethebeautyinlife.【答案】toappreciate【解析】考查非谓语动词句意近年来,张一直致力于推广传统插花,希望人们能够熟悉这门艺术,为其悠久的历史感到自豪,并拥有欣赏生活中的美的能力修饰名词ability应用不定式作后置定语故填toappreciateoattractcustomersthesebusinessesbeganintroducingnewflavorstoLubyaddingspices.【答案】Toattract【解析】考查非谓语动词句意为了吸引顾客,这些企业开始通过向卤菜添加调味品引进新口味分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词,空处为非谓语动词作目的状语、所以要用动词不定式故填ToattractoDuringtheCOVID-19outbreakshegotthebestopportunityunderstandChina.【答案】tounderstand【解析】考查非谓语动词句意在新冠肺炎疫情期间,她获得了了解中国的最佳机会名词opportunity后接不定式作定语故填tounderstandoApartfromtheopeningceremonyaseriesofexcitingactivitiesarescheduledholdduringthefestival.Intermsoftourismresourcesoffinescenicspotsruraltourismandshoppingtourismarefullyintegrated.【答案】tobeheld【解析】考查不定式句意除了开幕式,文化节期间还将举行一系列精彩的活动bescheduledtodo是固定短语,意为“计划做某事”,活动是被举办,因此空格处用不定式的被动式tobeheld故填tobeheldoMuchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneedinvestindisasterprevention.【答案】toinvest【解析】考查非谓语动词句意研究结果表明,急需投资于灾害预防根据语境可知,此处表示未来的动作,应用不定式,作后置定语故填toinvestoChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChange_4findandstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非谓语动词句意中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语故填tofindoTheyareeasycareforandmakegreatpresents.【答案】tocare【解析】考查非谓语动词句意它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物这里考查be+形容词+todo”结构故填tocareInancienttimespeopledidnothavegoodmedicalresources.Soprayforgoodhealththeywrotetheirmedicalissuesonpaperkite.【答案】topray【解析】考查非谓语动词句意所以为了祈求健康,他们把自己的健康问题写在纸风筝上分析句子结构可知pray在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处作目的状语应用不定式故填topraySheoftentravelstoKashgarIlotanandAksuinsouthernXinjiang
61.explorehowlocalethnicpeoplelive.【答案】toexplore【解析】考查非谓语动词句意她经常去新疆南部的喀什、和田和阿克苏,探索当地少数民族的生活方式分析句子结构可知explore在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处作目的状语应用不定式故填toexploreoThenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetoutfindthewell-knownpainter.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非谓语动词句意第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为setouttodostho后跟不定式做目的状语故填tofindoIttakesthemhundredsofyearsbreakdown.【答案】tobreak【解析】考查动词不定式句意它们用几百年的时间才分解固定句型Ittakessb./sth.+一段时间+todosth.花某人/物多长时间干某事,此处用动词不定式todo作真正主语,It形式主语故填tobreakoAgriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnologychangelives.【答案】tochange【解析】考查非谓语动词句意农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的故填tochangeAncientalchemists炼金师inChinaspentcenturiestryingdiscoveranelixir灵丹妙药oflife.【答案】todiscover【解析】考查固定短语句意中国古代炼金师花了几个世纪的时间试图发现长生不老药结合句意表达“试图做某事”应用trytodosth.不定式作宾语故填todiscoverCanredTVdramasawakenastrongdesireinyoungpeoplelearnaboutChinasrevolutionaryhistoryTheanswerisyes.【答案】tolearn【解析】考查非谓语动词句意红色电视剧能否唤起年轻人了解中国革命历史的强烈欲望设空处在句中作非谓语,desiretodosth希望做某事故填tolearrioMs.Johnkeepsthebirdsforatleastayearbeforeputtingthemupforadoption.Hermaingoalhoweverisconnectthebirdswiththeirowners.【答案】toconnect/toreconnect【解析】考查不定式作表语句意然而,她的主要目标是让这些鸟与它们的主人建立联系此处是动词不定式作表语故填toconnect/toreconnectoIfthepayoffsareunknownhoweverwehaveahardertimegivingthemup.Thatswhydoinganactivitycheckissoimportant.Youhavetoactuallytakethetimefigureouttheopportunitycostsgainsofeachandwhattopursueovertheother.【答案】tofigure【解析】考查非谓语动词句意实际上,你必须花时间来计算机会所需成本、每一个机会的收益以及在另一个机会中追求什么taketimetodosth是习惯用法故填tofigure
18.Themedian中位数的ageofanAmericanin1950was30-todayitis41andisexpectedincreaseto42by
2050.【答案】toincrease【解析】考查非谓语动词句意同上根据短语beexpectedtodosth.被期望做某事”后跟不定式,故填toincreaseoModernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980sandareexpensiveperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.【答案】toperform【解析】考查非谓语动词主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用toperfoniioPickingupherLifetimeAchievementawardproudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplansretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.【答案】toretire【解析】考查不定式作定语此处用tdosth做后置定语用来修饰前面的名词plan表示“…的计划”,故填toretireoOnourwaytothehouseitwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn,thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtakegetthere.【答案】toget【解析】考查不定式句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺谓语,此处应填非谓语动词,故填togetoForByteDances37-year-oldfounderZhangYimingitispartofanambitionbuildaglobalsoftwaregiant.Nowthatambitionisinjeopardy危机.【答案】tobuild【解析】考查动词不定式句意这是建立全球软件巨头雄心的一部分此处是不定式作定语修饰ambition表示将要发生的事情,故填tobuildoPoetryallowswriterstoywiththestandardsofgrammarandgenerallychangetherulesoflanguageabitoralot.【答案】totoy【解析】考查固定短语句意诗歌可以让作者无视语法标准,以及对语言规则有一点或很大的改变此处涉及固定短语allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”,不定式作宾补故填totoyInZhejiang160energy-intensivefactorieshavebeenorderedtostopproductionmeetenergyconsumptiontargets.【答案】tomeet【解析】考查不定式句意在浙江,160家能源密集型工厂被勒令停产,以达到能耗目标根据语境可知,句子意为“160家能源密集型工厂被勒令停产,以达到能耗目标”,因此空格处用不定式tomeet表目的,故填tomeetcreatethefilmGreenpeaceUKteamedupwithAardmanAnimationsaswellasOscar-winningactorsandstars.【答案】Tocreate【解析】考查动词不定式句意为了制作这部电影,英国绿色和平组织与阿德曼动画公司以及奥斯卡获奖演员和明星合作此处用动词不定式todo做目的状语,首字母大写故填TocreateoButsomestudentsdidntwantweartheuniform.【答案】towear【解析】考查固定用法句意但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服wanttodosth想要做某事,这是want的固定用法故填towearYoudon,thavetorunfastorforlongseethebenefit.【答案】tosee【解析】考查不定式作目的状语,所以用不定式Toavoidkneepainyoucanrunonsoftsurfacesdoexercisestostrengthyourlegmuscles肌肉,avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.【答案】strengthen【解析】考查非谓语动词作目的状语,用不定式,前面有to所以用动词原形Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofriceimprovewaterquality.【答案】toimprove【解析】考查不定式作目的状语用不定式Oncehismessagewasdeliveredheallowedmestayandwatch.【答案】tostay【解析】考查不定式allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalfamilymembersoftengathertogetheramealadmirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.【答案】toshare【解析】考查非谓语动词句意在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼gather是谓语动词,amealadmirethemoonandenjoymooncakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故填toshareo
32.Thereisnoeasywaygetsuccessinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisofgreathelpbutitisnotenoughonlytomemorizerulesfromagrammarbook.【答案】toget【解析】考查非谓语动词句式thereisnowaytodosth名词way后接不定式作定语故填togetoScientistsaroundtheworldarelookingforallkindsofwaystoprotectandmaybeevenrevivecorals.Oneoptioniscreatemoremarineprotectedareas-essentiallynationalparksintheocean.【答案】tocreate/creating【解析】考查非谓语动词一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区此处非谓动词作表语,是对主语option的解释说明,用不定式或动名词均可故填tocreate/creatingoThereisnoeasywaygetsuccessinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisofgreathelpbutitisnotenoughonlytomemorizerulesfromagrammarbook.【答案】toget【解析】考查非谓语动词句式thereisnowaytodosth,名词way后接不定式作定语故填togetoInmyeverydaylifeIamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentwaysreducemycarbonfootprintontheplanet.【答案】toreduce【解析】考查不定式在我的日常生活里,我正在进行一次寻找不同方法来减少碳排放的旅程此处是短语waytodosomething意为做事的方法不定式作定语故填toreduce
36.AnotherWeibouserwrote“Thankyouforgivingmeanopportunityappreciatethelandscapeinthecountryside.”【答案】toappreciate【解析】考查不定式谢谢你给我一个欣赏乡村风景的机会句中涉及固定短语“anopportunitytodosth.意为“一个做某事的机会”,此处是不定式短语作定语故填toappreciateorememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctors。