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原文:MechanicalTechnologyintherubberindustryoutlinedintheapplicationInthedevelopmentofhumansocietyisthemodernprocess.RubberIndustriesisanindispensableEconomyTradeandIndustry.Intherubberindustryinthedevelopmentofrubbertechnologyandrubbermachineryorelectromechanicaltotheprogressanddevelopmentoftechnologyplayedanimportantroleinpromotingthis.Thedevelopmentofrubberindustryrubberandrubbermachineryindustrytechnologyconstitutesoftechnicalrubberproductsallthetechnicalprocessandindustrialtechnologysystem.In1820bytheBritishmadethehuman-drivensingle-rollerrubbermixingmachine.1826twin-rollDrumopenrubbermixingmachineintoproductionbeginningofthehumanrubbermachineryproductionprelude.Sofarhumansocietyhasbeentheapplicationofrubbermachinery180yearsofhistory.Since
1839.Aseriesofrubbermachineryandequipmentwillcomeoutinadditiontotheapplicationofvulcanizedrubbervulcanizationfacilitiesandotherrubbermachinerysuchasplungerhoseextrusionmachine1858screwextruder1879rubberrollingmill1843〜1900Closedrubbermixingmachine1916rubbermachineryandequipment.Atthattimehasspenttherubberindustryproductionprocessthepromotionofthedevelopmentofrubberindustryhasplayedafacilitatingrole.1904leadoxidemagnesiumoxidesuchasthediscoveryofinorganiccuringagentinparticular1919organictofideDthediscoveryanduseofMandfurtherpromotetheimprovementofproductionefficiencyhasgreatlyimprovedtheperformanceoftheuseofrubberproductsexpandeduse.1920accessionthecarbonblacktorubbermakesrubberproductswouldbeanoverallimprovementinperformanceandimprovement.Thereforetheapplicationofcarbonblackinrubberisimprovetheindustryandpromotingtheprogressandall-rounddevelopment.Intheearly20thcenturyandthemiddleoftheSovietUniontheUnitedStatesBritainGermanyFranceandothercountrieshasinventedasyntheticrubberindustrial流变学应运而生,并逐渐得到广泛应用流变学不仅在橡胶、塑料、涂料、E|1刷、硅酸盐、食品等工业生产中得到广泛应用,还涉及到基本建设、机械、运输、水利、化学工业等众多工业部门涉及到许多物质从固体到液体的变化过程流变学在橡胶工业中广泛应用于橡胶制品加工成型的研究和应用如对橡胶的混炼、压延、挤出、注射成型等加工过程高聚物由于它的大分子链状结构和运动特点在物理聚集态上呈现出4种物理状态即1个结晶态和3个非结晶态(玻璃态、高弹态、粘流态)橡胶在正常使用情况下是高弹态.而在加工成型过程中是粘流态只有在硫化处理后才基本失去流动性而变成以高弹性为主的弹性体材料由于19世纪末和20世纪初,对橡胶工艺理论的原理探索和发明特别是流变学理论的研究和应用使得橡胶工业的发展,无论是在填充剂、硫化促进剂方面还是在工艺原理方面都发生了深刻变化对橡胶工业的发展产生了一次质的变化同时,各种橡胶机械也有了很大的进步和发展当时的橡胶机械不仅名目众多,而且其结构、规格、品种等都巳达到一定水平的规模化、精细化、自动化和联动化程度如有的橡胶机械传动功率达到数百千瓦至数千千瓦,机器重量达到几百吨在橡胶制品生产过程的塑炼、混炼、压延、压出、成型、硫化六个工艺过程中都有了配套齐全的机械装置炼胶机械是橡胶工业的基本设备之一目前生产的开放式炼胶机械达数十种主要用于生胶的塑炼,胶料的混炼;压片机用于压片、供胶;热炼机主要用于胶料预热和供胶;破碎机用于天然橡胶的破碎等,洗胶机用于除去生胶和废胶中的杂质;粉碎机主要用于废胶块的粉碎;精炼机主要用于除去再生胶中的硬杂质;再生胶混炼机,主要用于再生胶的捏炼;烟胶压片机用于烟胶片压片等;绐片压片机,主要用于绐片压片工作;实验用炼胶机,主要用于各种少量胶料的实验工作等橡胶压延机,也是橡胶制品加工过程中的基本设备之一自1843年三辑压延机应用以来,已有160多年的发展历史了从近代到现代各种不同规格和新型的压延机不断涌现,其规格大、速度快、半制品精度高、机器自动化程度高,已成为现代压延机械的主要结构特征目前生产的压延机最大规模已达到(pl055x3000毫米以上,辑筒线速度高达120米/分以上,压延的半成品其厚度误差已达到±
0.0025毫米以内并达到采用电子计算机和全程控制的自动化水平密闭式炼胶机(简称密炼机),是橡胶的塑炼和混炼的主要设备之一现代密炼机的发展,具有高速、高压和高效能的特点,并分为低速(转子转速为20转/分)、中速(转速为30〜40转/分)和高速(转速为60转/分)3种近年来还出现转速在80转/分以上的高速密炼机械橡胶挤出机(螺杆挤出机),自1879年世界第一台螺杆挤出机诞生以来,各种形式的螺杆挤出机械大量出现,不同规格品种已配套齐全,已适应不同产品性能特点的要求如压型挤出机,主要用于各种断面形状的半成品生产;滤胶挤出机,用于除去混炼胶和生胶中的杂质;塑炼挤出机,用于生胶的连续塑炼造粒挤出机,用于胶料和生胶的造粒;压片挤出机.用于胶料的压片;脱硫挤出机用于再生胶的脱硫挤压脱水挤出机用于合成胶和再生胶的脱水干燥电缆挤出机用于电缆的包覆成型;排气挤出机.用于排出混入胶料中的空气和水分及低分子挥发物等这些规格齐全的挤出机械,对橡胶工业的发展立下了汗马功劳成为各种橡胶制品加工的动力和优选设备之一注射成型机,又称为注压机,主要用于生产各种橡胶模压制品注压机械,按其结构形式,又分为卧式注压机、立式注压机、角式注机及多工位注压机4种每种注压机又分为许多大小不同的规格品种轮胎是橡胶工业最为庞大的头号产品无论从橡胶原料的使用量和橡胶产品的生产量来看它都占据橡胶制品市场的大部分份额,消耗约80%的橡胶资源量因此,轮胎成型机械也十分重要自1888年发明充气轮胎后,随着汽车工业的发展,各种规格、各种性能的橡胶轮胎大量涌现一辆高性能、高质量的汽车,要是没有相应性能和质量的轮胎支撑,就等于废铁一般而轮胎工业的发展轮胎的成型机械参与也是至关重要的无论是内胎或外胎它们都需要有一定的成型机械模具来定型特别是外胎的成型,是轮胎生产过程中的核心工序,是外胎各种“零部件”的组装过程,即将帘布、钢丝圈、包布、胎面等各种部件组合贴合加工成轮胎胎胚故轮胎成型机械在很大程度上决定着轮胎的性能和质量随着人类社会经济文化的进步和发展,各式各样的车辆大量涌现因而各种类型和规格性能的轮胎也层出不穷.诸如小轿车、客车、货车、工程车和其他各种专用车辆及飞机等,都有自己的专用轮胎品种和规格近年来又出现高强度和高耐磨性能的钢丝骨架子午胎,使得汽车轮胎的结构性能及质量又上了一个新台阶这都不断给轮胎成型机械提出了更高的要求轮胎成型机的种类很多,按成型方法分有套筒法和层贴法2种;按成型鼓的轮廓分有鼓式、半鼓式、芯轮式和半芯轮式4种此外,其他所有不同形状及用途的橡胶制品,基本都有一个成型的过程因此各种各样的橡胶制品成型机具更是千姿百态和琳琅满目仅各式各样的密封圈品种就达数万种之多可见橡胶工业的成型机械也是十分繁杂和极为重要的硫化机械,是各种橡胶制品的最后一道工序的加工机械,主要用于各种橡胶制品、胶带、胶板等制品的硫化加工其主要结构有3种形式一种是平板硫化机,另外是硫化罐(包括水压硫化罐)和鼓式硫化机平板硫化机的使用范围较广,种类也多除直接用于橡胶制品的硫化加工外,还可用于塑料工业中的热固性塑料或热塑性塑料的压制加工因为他们的工作原理和机体结构都基本相同其种类及形态繁多按用途来分,大体有橡胶模型制品平板硫化机、平带平板硫化机、三角带平板硫化机、胶板平板硫化机等硫化罐是橡胶制品生产中应用最早的硫化设备之一,主要用于橡胶制品硫化工作硫化罐还可用来硫化鞋底、涂胶胶布及模型制品等故有“万能”硫化机之称鼓式硫化机,有“平带”和“三角带”两大类主要用来硫化表面形状和表面质量有特殊要求的薄型橡胶板带制品如花纹胶板、印刷胶板及印染导带等若配上必要的配件装置,还可用于硫化运输带、传动带及其他类似橡胶制品的硫化加工鼓式硫化机可连续硫化,容易实现自动化和形成流水作业生产线大大减轻劳动强度,提高工效和产品质量对于橡胶工业的发展,机械技术及工艺研究决定着其发展速度和水平,决定着产品的性能和质量一般说来产业和产品工艺研究的周期变化频率较快一些而机械技术的变化周期则较慢,它的周期变化决定着机器设备的使用寿命、工作效率和产品质量正因为机器设备有一个明确使用寿命,才使得它具有一定的运行惯性从而给人们一个不易变化或也不需要较快变化的直接感受这也是造成现实社会的许多人们甚至包括一些科研部门只十分重视工艺技术的革新变化而忽视机械技术的进步和发展的主要原因之一人们的观念意识是决定行为的变化和发展任何物质性产品的生产首先起源于对现实社会生产实践的客观需求对于橡胶工业发展来说,不仅正常的橡胶制品生产过程.越来越需要机械技术与工艺技术的深入研究及协同发展,现代商品市场的竞争态势也容不得人们再坐等观望或延误时机,而且除人类物质文化生活资料的日益丰富,需要橡胶工业的快速发展外,大量堆积如山的废旧橡胶制品,也急待需要人们去面对和有效处理这不仅是节约橡胶资源的需要,也是保人类生存环境的要求要解决橡胶工业的正常发展及废弃橡胶资源的回收利用问题,只有机械技术与工艺技术的协同发展才能达到目的当代橡胶工业的发展,使废旧橡胶资源的回收利用必须走机器改良和化学进步联合发展的道路才是唯一正确的途径而机器的改良就是机械技术的本质工作之一,化学的进步则是工艺技术的核心内容,它们联合发展也正是现代橡胶工业得以快速高效和优化发展的内在促动力当然还包括科学管理技术的决策组织因素在内机械、物理、化学(或化工)、生物4项基本技术构成了人类社会发展的自然科学技术体系,并称为硬性科学技术体系,而社会管理技术则是软性科学技术体系两者软硬结合成为一种较为完整的科学技术体系橡胶工业的发展也与橡胶产业技术与产业科学管理技术相结合的产业经济结构形态相关是体现橡胶工业发展“软硬兼施”的科学措施机械技术是属于硬属性技术,工艺技术是属于软属性技术,这是一种“软硬兼施”的技术形态在机械技术中又有软硬属性技术之分凡是属于调查研究、设计技术方法的工作,都是软属性技术;凡是涉及施工制造方面的技术属于硬属性技术,前期软性技术的成果主要体现在设计施工图纸及其说明书上;后一阶段的硬性技术成果集中在各种物质产品的产出上这也是一个软硬技术转化成果的客观过程橡胶工业的发展,必须重视机械技术与工艺技术的协同发展强化橡胶机械技术的作用,重视机械技术的开发应用,不仅是整个社会发展物质文化产品生产的需要,也是人类生态环境和谐发展的需要,更是对橡胶予以珍惜、巧用和俭用行为的需要technologiesandtheestablishmentofaseriesofsyntheticrubberproductionequipmentandfactories.Coupledwiththeregion*snaturalrubberproductionoflarge-scaleresourcesforthemankindmodernrubberindustryopenedupthecomprehensivedevelopmentofthematerialresourcebase.Isahighlyflexiblerubbertypicalmaterialsitsphysicalpropertiesareverycomplicated.MostoftheprocessingofrubbermoldingprocessaresimilartothemeltflowanddeformationprocessbutalsointheprocessingofrubberproductstheHealthandplastictogothroughplasticnecklacemixingpressure-typeshapecuringprocessproceduresinordertobecomeproducts.Inthemodernchemicalproductssuchasrubberplasticspaintsfiberslubricantsceramicsandothersimilarmaterialproductionandengineeringapplicationsthecomplexityofitsmechanicalproperties.Purelybasedontheelasticityviscosityorplasticitytheorycannotmeetthesematerialsprocessingrequirementsofthedeformationprocess.Sobasedonthenatureofthecomplexmechanicsoftheresearchtopic-theologicaltheorywillbereferredtothenewhumanresearchsubjectsontheagenda.1928theUnitedStatessetuptheEvolutionSociety111940theBritishsetupthetheologicalClublaterrenamedtheInstituteofEvolution.InadditiontheNetherlandsWestGermanyFranceJapanandothercountrieshavealsosetupacorrespondingflowInstitute.1948convenetheInternationalSocietyofTheology.In1953theestablishmentoftheInternationalAssociationoftheologyishold.Sincethenoneinvolvingappliedmathematicsphysicselasticitythematerialmechanicsfluidmechanicsgeologyengineeringandothersubjectsonthevergeofdisciplines-haveemergedtheologyandgraduallyhasbeenextensivelyapplied.TheologynotonlyintherubberplasticscoatingsprintingPortlandfoodstuffsandotherindustrialproductionhasbeenextensivelyappliedbutalsotoinfrastructuremachinerytransportirrigationchemicalindustryandmanyotherindustrialsectors:involvesmanysubstancesfromsolidtoliquidprocesses.Theologymadeintherubberindustry.Widelyusedintheprocessingofrubbermoldingproductsresearchandapplication.Suchasrubbermixingxrollingsextrusionsinjectionmoldingandotherprocesses.Becauseofitsmacromolecularpolymerchainstructureandmovementcharacteristicsofthephysicalstategatheredonshowingfourkindsofphysicalstate:acrystallineandnon-crystalline3crystallineglassstatehigh-elasticstateviscousflowstate.Rubberinnormalcircumstancesistheuseofhigh-elasticstate.Inthecourseofprocessingmoldingviscousflowstateinthevulcanizedonlybasictreatmentbeforelosingmobilityandahighflexibilitybasedelasticmaterial.Becauseofthelate19thcenturyandearly20thcenturythetheoryofrubberisexplorationandtheprinciplesoftheinvention.Especiallytheologyandapplicationofthetheoreticalstudyofthedevelopmentofrubberindustrymakeswhetherinthefillervulcanizationacceleratororintheprocessprincipleaspectshaveundergoneprofoundchanges.Onthedevelopmentoftherubberindustryisaqualitativechange.Atthesametimeallkindsofrubbermachineryalsomadegreatprogressanddevelopment.Atthattimenotonlythenamesmanyrubbermachineryanditsstructurespecificationsvarietiesandsohadbeenreachedacertainlevelofthescalefineandthedegreeofautomationandlinkage.Ifrubbermechanicaltransmissionpowertohundredsoftothousandsofkilowattsstemwattswhichweightmachinestoafewhundredtons.Rubberproductsintheprocessofproductionplasticnecklacemixingrollingextrusionmoldingintheprocessofcuringsixhaveacompletematchingofmechanicaldevices.Compoundrubbermachineryindustryisoneofthebasicequipment.Atpresentproductionmachinerytoopendozensofrubbermixing.Healthglueusedplasticnecklaceplasticmaterialmixing;pressedforthecompressionmachineforplasticdecorticatingmachinecompoundmainlyusedforpreheatingandplastic;crusherforcrushingsuchasnaturalrubberremoveplasticwashingmachineforHealthandplasticwastecompoundimpurities;millmainlyusedforwasteplasticblockgrinding;refiningmachineusedtoremovethehardplasticrenewableimpurities;reclaimedrubbermixingmachinemainlyforthereclaimedrubberpinch;breathingmachineforplasticpressurebreathingFilmcompression;crepe-pressuremachinemainlyforcrepe-compression;experimentalrubbermixingmachinethemaincompoundusedinasmallnumberofexperimentsetc..Rubberrollingmillwhichisrubberproductsprocessingintheprocessofoneofthebasicequipment.Since1843three-rollcalendarapplicationwehave160yearsofdevelopmenthistory.Fromthemoderntomodernspecificationsandvariousnewcalendarwillcontinuetoemergeitsspecificationsspeedsemiproductofhighaccuracyahighdegreeofautomationmachinerythemachineryhasbecomethemoderncalendarofthemainstructuralfeatures.Atpresentproductionlargestcalendarhasreachedmorethanpl055x3000mmrollerlinespeedofupto120m/minabovethesemi-finishedcalendarhasreacheditsthicknesserrorwithin±
0.0025mm.Andachievefullelectroniccontrolofthecomputerandautomationlevel.TheClosedCompoundmixerrubberandplasticmixingrefiningisoneofthemainequipment.Thedevelopmentofmodernmixerahigh-speedhigh-pressureandhigh-performancecharacteristicsandisdividedintolow-speed20totherotorspeed/minthevelocityspeedof30to40〜/minandhigh-speed60tospeed/min
3.Inrecentyearsalsoappeartospeedinthe80/mixerathighspeedoverarmedRubberextruderscrewextrudertheworldsfirstsince1879-screwextruderSincethebirthofallkindsofscrewextrudermachineryinalargenumberofdifferentvarietieshavebeensupportingcompletespecificationhasbeenadaptedtodifferentproductperformancecharacteristicsoftherequest.Ifpressureextrusionmachinemainlyfortheshapeofthesemi-finishedproduction;filterplasticextrusionmachineforremovingplasticmixandtheHealthandtheimpurity;plasticextrusionmachineforthecontinuousplasticglueHealth:granulationextrudersforplasticcompoundandtheHealthandthegranulation;compressionextruder.Tocompoundthepressureplate;desulfurizationrenewableplasticextruderforthedesulfurization:extrusiondehydrationmixingrubberextruderfordehydrationandregenerationplasticdry:Cableextruderforthecablecoatedmolding;rowGasextruder.Themixingcompoundgotoutoftheairandwaterandvolatilecompoundssuchaslow-molecular-weight.Thesespecificationscompleteextrusionmachinerythedevelopmentoftherubberindustryandwascredited.Ithasbecomethedrivingforceoftherubberproductsprocessingandoptimizationoftheequipment.InjectionMoldingMachinealsoknownastheNotePressmainlyfortheproductionofrubbermoldedproducts.NotepressuremachineryitsstructureisdividedintohorizontalinjectionpressverticalinjectionpressinjectionmachineandtheMulti-PositionPressNote
4.Presseachnoteisdividedintomanydifferentsizesofthespecifications.Tirerubberindustryisthelargestnumberoneproduct.Whetherrawmaterialsfromtheuseofrubberandrubberproductsputoutofrubberproductswhichoccupythelionsshareofthemarketconsumeabout80%ofthevolumeofrubberresources.Thereforethetiremoldingmachineryisalsoimportant.Sincetheinventionofpneumatictirein1888withthedevelopmentoftheautomobileindustryvariousspecificationsthevariouspropertiesofalargenumberofrubbertires.Ahigh-performancehigh-qualitycarifthereisnocorrespondingperformanceandqualityofthetiresupportisequivalenttoscrapgeneral.Andthedevelopmentoftireindustrytiremoldingmachineryparticipationiscrucial.Tubelesstireorwhethertheywouldhavetobecertaintodiemoldingmachinerystereotypes.Formingparticulartiretireproductionisintheprocessofcoreprocessestirevariousparts”oftheassemblyprocesswillsooncordbeadwrappertreadandothercomponentsofprocessedintopastecompositiontireembryo.Thereforetiremoldingmachinerydeterminestoalargeextenttheperformanceandqualityoftires.Ashumansocio-economicandculturalprogressanddevelopmentawiderangeofalargenumberofvehicles.Thereforethevarioustypesandspecificationisendless.Suchascarsbusestrucksconstructionvehiclesandotherspecialvehiclesandaircraftwhichhavetheirowndedicatedtirevarietiesandspecifications.Inrecentyearstherehashighstrengthandhighwearresistanceofthesteelskeletonradialtiremakingautomobiletiresperformanceandthestructureandqualitytoanewlevel.Thisconstanttiremoldingmachineryputoutahigherdemand.Tiremoldingmachinemanyofthetypesaccordingtothemethodofforming:sleeve-lawandtwokindsofstickers;byshapingthecontoursofthedrum:drumsemi-drumandthecore-wheeledfour-wheel-core.Inadditionallotherusesofdifferentshapesandrubberproductsthereisabasicmoldingprocess.Thereforeavarietyofrubbermoldingmachinesandevenoffersadazzling.Onlyawidevarietyofringistensofthousandsofspeciesonthenumber.Thisshowsthattherubbermoldingmachineryindustryisalsoverycomplicatedandveryimportant.Vulcanizationmachineryavarietyofrubberproductsofthefinalstepsintheprocessingmachinerymainlyforthevariousrubberproductsplasticrubberproductssuchassulfideprocessing.Themainstructureofthreekindsofforms:oneisflatvulcanizeandtheautoclaveincludingpressureautoclaveandthedrummachinesulfide.Flat-curingtheuseofbroaderismorevariety.Inadditiontodirectuseofvulcanizedrubberproductsprocessingcanalsobeusedintheplasticsindustrythermoplasticorthermosettingplasticplasticsprocessingrepression.Becauseoftheirbodystructureandworkingprincipleisbasicallythesame.Thetypesandformsaremany.Accordingtothepurposehasthevulcanizedrubbermodelofflatproductswithflat-curingmachineV-beltplatecuringmachinesheetplatecuringmachine.Vulcanizedrubberproductstankisthefirstproductionapplicationofcuringequipmentmainlyforthevulcanizationofrubberproductswork.Canalsobeusedtoautoclavethecuringsolesadhesivetapeandmodelproducts.Therefore“omnipotentsaidcuringmachine.DrumcuringmachinenbeltnandtheV-belt”twocategories.Mainlyusedforcuringsurfaceshapeandsurfacequalityofthespecialrequirementsofthinstripofrubberproductssuchastreadrubberandplasticsheetprintinganddyeingsuchastheconductionband.Ifaccompaniedbythenecessaryaccessoriesdevicecanbeusedtotransportsulfidezonebeltsandothersimilarproductsvulcanizedrubberprocessing.DrumMachinecontinuousvulcanizationsulfideeasyassemblyandtheformationofautomatedproductionlines.Substantiallyreducelaborintensityandimproveefficiencyandproductquality.Forthedevelopmentofrubberindustrymechanicalandprocesstechnologyresearchdeterminesitsspeedandlevelofdevelopmentdeterminestheperformanceandqualityofproducts.Generallyspeakingindustrialtechnologyresearchandproductcyclefastersomefrequency.Changesintechnologyandmachinerycycleisslowitdecidedtochangethecycleofthelifeoftheequipmentworkefficiencyandproductquality.Itispreciselybecauseofmachineryandequipmenthasaclearlifeitmakesthecertaininertiaoftheoperation.Thuscreateadifficultchangeordonotneedrapidchangesinthedirectexperience.Thisisarealityformanypeoplethecommunityandevensomescientificresearchanddepartmentsonlyattachesgreatimportancetotechnologyinnovationandignorechangesinmechanicalandtechnologicaladvancesandthedevelopmentofoneofthemainreasons.Themindsetofthepeopleistodetermineawarenessofchangesanddevelopments.Anymaterialproductionoriginatedinthefirstproductionpracticeontherealsocialneedsoftheobjective.ortherubberindustrydevelopmentwhichisnotonlythenormalprocessofproductionisrubberproducts.Mechanicaltechnologyandtheincreasingneedin-depthstudyoftechnologyandjointdevelopmentofmoderncommoditymarketcompetitivesituationalsonottoleratesuchpeoplewaitwait-and-seeordelaytimeandinadditiontothesustenanceofmankindgrowingmaterialandculturalwealththeneedforrapiddevelopmentoftherubberindustrylargepilesofscraprubberpeoplealsoneedtofacetheurgentandeffectivetreatment.Thisisnotonlytherubberresourcesconservationneedsbutalsothelivingenvironmentofhumansecurityrequirements.Tosolvethenormaldevelopmentofrubberindustryandscraprubberrecyclinguseofresourcesonlymechanicaltechnologyandthejointdevelopmentoftechnologytoachievetheirgoals.Contemporaryrubberindustrydevelopmentsothatthewasterubberrecyclingofresourcesmusttakemachinesimprovementandprogressinthejointdevelopmentoftheroadistheonlycorrectway.Andtheimprovementofmachinerytechnologyistheessenceofmechanicalworkoftheprogressofchemicalprocesstechnologyisthecorecontentoftheirjointdevelopmentofthemodernrubberindustryisabletoquicklyandefficientlyoptimizeandpromotethedevelopmentofintrinsicmotivation.Ofcoursealsoincludesscientificmanagementtechnologydecision-makingbodyelements.Machineryphysicschemistryorchemicalthefourbasicskillsofadevelopmentofthehumansocietysciencetechnologysystemandscienceandtechnologysystemknownascompulsoryandsocialmanagementtechnologyissoftscienceandtechnologysystem.TakenFlexbecameamorecompletescientificandtechnologicalsystem.Rubberindustryinthedevelopmentofrubberindustryandtechnologyandscientificmanagementtechnologyindustrieswiththeeconomicstructureoftheindustryisrelatedtothedevelopmentofrubberindustrycarrotandstickscientificmeasures.MechanicalTechnologyisahardattributetechnologytechnologyisasoftattributeswhichisancarrotandstickformofthetechnology.Inthemechanicaltechnologyofthetechnicalattributesofbothtangibleandintangible.Allofinvestigationandstudytheworkofdesigntechniquesaresoftattributesthatinthemanufacturingofconstructioninvolvesthetechnicalattributesofhardwaretechnologytheresultsofpre-mainsofttechnologyembodiedinthedesignandconstructiondrawingsandmanuals;afterahardstagetechnicalachievementsonvariousmaterialontheoutputofproducts.Thisisahardandsofttechnologyintotheoutcomeoftheobjectiveprocess.Rubberindustrialdevelopmentwemustattachimportancemechanicaltechnologyandthejointdevelopmentoftechnology.StrengtheningtheroleofrubbermachinerytechnologymechanicaltechnologytothedevelopmentandapplicationthewholesocialdevelopmentisnotonlytheproductionofthematerialandculturalneedsbutalsotheharmoniousdevelopmentoftheecologicalenvironmentofhumanneedsbutalsotobecherishedrubberUsingandfrugalbehaviorneeds.机械技术在橡胶工业中的应用概述在人类社会发展的现代进程中.橡胶工业也是一门不可缺少的经济产业而在橡胶工业发展过程中,橡胶工艺及橡胶机械(或机电)技术的进步和发展起了重要的推动作用橡胶工业的发展,橡胶工业技术及橡胶机械技术构成了橡胶制品的全部技术过程和产业技术体系1820年英国制成了由人力驱动的单辑式炼胶机1826年双辑筒式的开放式炼胶机投入生产,拉开了人类橡胶机械生产的序幕至今,人类社会橡胶机械的应用已有180多年的历史了1839年以来.一系列的橡胶机械设备陆续问世,除适应橡胶硫化技术应用的硫化设备外,其他橡胶机械,如柱塞式胶管挤出机(1858年),螺杆挤出机(1879年),橡胶压延机(1843~1900年),密闭式炼胶机(1916年)等橡胶机械设备先后投入当时的橡胶工业生产过程,对推动橡胶工业的发展起了一定的促进作用1904年,氧化铅、氧化镁等无机硫化剂的发现,特别是1919年有机硫化促进剂D、M的发现和应用,进一步促进了生产效率的提高,大大改善了橡胶制品的使用性能,扩大了使用范围1920年把炭黑加入橡胶中,才使得橡胶制品的性能得以全面改善和提高因此,炭黑的应用又促进了橡胶工业进步和全面发展20世纪初及中叶,苏联、美国、英国、德国、法国等国家,先后发明了合成橡胶工业技术并建立了一系列橡胶合成生产装置及工厂再加上东南亚地区的天然橡胶资源生产的规模化,为人类现代橡胶工业的全面发展开辟了物质资源基础橡胶是一种高弹性的典型材料,其物理性能十分复杂大多数橡胶的加工成型过程都有近似熔体的流动和变形过程,而且在橡胶产品的加工过程中,生胶要经过塑炼、混炼、压型、成型、硫化的工艺程序,才能成为产品在现代化工产品中,诸如橡胶、塑料、油漆、纤维、润滑油、陶瓷等一类材料的生产及工程技术的应用,对其材料的复杂力学性质.依据单纯的弹性力学、粘性理论或塑性理论都不能满足这些材料加工过程的形变要求于是一种基于对复杂介质力学性质的研究课题——流变学理论便提到了人类新学科研究的议事日程1928年,美国成立了“流变学会”,1940年,英国成立了流变学俱乐部(后改为流变学会)此外,荷兰、西德、法国、日本等国家也相应成立了流变学会1948年召开了国际流变学会1953年成立了国际流变协会从此一门涉及到应用数学、物理学、弹性力学、材料力学、流体力学、地质学、工程学及其他学科的边缘学科——。