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第二轮复习语法易错点总结1
一、名词
1、常见的以字母结尾的名记号加es有Negroherotomatopotato
2、f结尾,直接加s的常见:roofschiefsbelief但handkerchief(sves)scarf(sves)都可以
3、几个特殊复数Gennanschild-childrenmouse-miceox-oxen
4、单、亚数形式一致的名词有sheepdeerfishmeansChineseJapanesespecies等三种动物两种人,加上物种和方式”
5、下列名词要以复数形式出现,用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,如trousersglassesclothesshoesbootsshortspantsscissorsglovessocksTheshoeswereboughtinHualianSupermarket.但是如果用量词,则根据具体情况来定如Thepairofglovesbelongstome.
6、有些名词既用作“不可数名词”,也可作“可数名词”,意思不一样如room(空间)makeroomfor为…腾出空间-aroom(一个房间)glass(玻璃)—aglass(一个玻璃杯)Iwoglasses二个杯子twopairsofglasses二付眼镜chicken(鸡肉)fachicken(一只小鸡)manychickens许多小鸡paper(纸)一apieceofpaper(一张纸)-apaper(一份报纸/文件/试卷)fish(鱼肉)fafish(一条鱼)-*twofish(两条鱼)一twofishes(两种鱼)tea(茶)一atea(一份茶/一种茶)coffee(咖啡)-acoffee(一份咖啡/一种咖啡)
7、people(人们)、police(警方)、cattle(牛群)没有复数形式,因为它们本身就是复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数Thepolicearelookingintothemysteriousaccident.试比较30people(30个人)-30peoples(30个民族)aperson与agreatpeople30persons30policemen/womenaheadofcattle5headofcattle(5头牛),fivecowssixoxen/bulls
8、经常使用的不可数名词有:advice(然而suggestions)funfoodevidenceinformationbaggagejuggagefurniturehomeworkhouseworkequipmentprogressweatherspacenaturenewsjuckenergyknowledgemoneytraffic.experience(经验)successfailurework(T作)healthmusicpowertime(时间)waterwindrain
9、下列抽象名词与a(an)连用时表示具体的事物beauty(美丽)fabeauty(一个美人)cold(冷)facold(一次感冒)experience(经验)fanexpcrienceC—次经历)failure(失败)failure(一件失败的事/一个失败的人)success(成功)-asuccess(一件成功的事/—个成功的人)knowledge(知识)faknowledgeof(对•••有所知)pleasure(乐趣)fapleasure(-种乐趣)surprise(吃惊)fasurprise(一件惊喜)difficulty(困难)一adifficulty(一件难事)trouble(麻烦)-*atrouble(一件麻烦的事)must(必须)famust(一件必须的事)worry(担忧)-aworry(•件焦虑的事)work(工作)-*awork(一件作品)
10、性别名词作定语时变为复数须注意twomenteachersthreewomendrivers而boystudentsgirlfriends
11、有些和数词连用的单位名词如:dozenscoreheadhundredthousandmillionbillion等有数词及表示“一些”的单词或短语修饰,如someafewseveralacoupleof此时,不需加s变为复数threedozeneggstwodozenoftheeggsfivescorebooksfiftyheadofcattlesixhundredstudentsseventhousandtrees而dozensofscoresofhundredsofthousandsofmillionsofbillionsoftensofthousandsof等表示“多”的含义
12、名词的所有格A:具有生命的名词所有格可以用s或of来变如Henrysphonenumber或thephonenumberofHenrythecatsears或theearsofthecatB:非生命名词一般通过of来构成所有格thecoverofthebooktheleavesofthetreeC:表示时间、距离、城市、国家、天体的非生命名词可以用构成所有格ChinasagriculturetheagricultureofChinatheSunstemperaturejhetemperatureofthesun而todaysweatherfireininules*walk»100kiloinetersride注意复数名词加“s”的规则,如thestudentshobbiesChildrensDaytwohoursdriving
13、名词的双重所有格,构成如下名词+of+名词所有格如afriendofmyfathers名词+of+名词性的物主:代词如somefriendsofmine用名词的双重所有格时,名词前常有aanonetwosomeseveralmanyanyno等修饰,表示“部分”的概念如somestudentsofMrLingsanytoyofyoursons注意在以下场合,of所有格和双重所有格表示的意义截然不同如aboneof(hedogs(一根狗背的骨头)aboneofthedog(一根狗骨头)apictureofthegirls(那女孩拥有照片中的一张)apictureofthegirl(那女孩本人照片中的•张)
14、agoodmany=manyagreatmanyfriendsagreatmanyofmyfriendsmanya/an+单数名词如manyastudent作主语时谓语动词用单数形式Manyastudentcomesfromthecountryside.
15、quantitiesof+更数名词/单数名词,谓语动词都要用复数Quantitiesofstudentshereareveryexcellent.Quantitiesoffoodhavebeenpreparedforthepoor.
二、数词
1、请记忆下列词汇fifthninthtwelfthtwentiethsixtiethninetieth2^分数表示“子基母序,分子大于一,分母加Soonelhird=oneinlhree=oneoutof(hreetwothirds=twointhree=twooutofthree特殊分数1/2ahalf1/4aquarter
三、主谓一致
1、由what引导的主语从句后面的谓语动词用单数形式但若表语是复数时主句的谓语动词用复数形式WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsay_ishelpfultoyou.
2、当主语疝and连结指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitorwasaskedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.Thewriterandartisthascome.
3、由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别noeacheverymorethana(an)manya(an)修饰时其谓语动词要用单数形式Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom.Noboyandnogirllikesit.Manyastudentlikesplayingsoccer.Morethanastudentwaslatethismorning.
4、主语为单数名词,尽管后有withtogetherwithexceptbutbesidesincludinglikeaswellasratherthanmorethannlessthan等引起的短语谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式如MrGreentogetherwithhiswifeandchildrenhascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.ShelikeyouandTomis_verytall.
5、eitherneithereachevery或no+单数名词和由someanynoevery构成的复合不定代词都作单数看待Eachofushasanewbook.Eithersideofthestreetiscrowedwithpeople.Everythingaroundusismatter(物J贡).Neitheranswerisright.Nobodywasabsentinthemeeting.Nostudentisallowedtosmokeintheschool.Somethingiswrongwithhiscar.注意若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词它的谓语动词就要用里数若它后面的名词是复数,它的谡语动词用单数或复数都可以Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.Noneofthewaterherehasbeenpolluted.
6、在定语从句中,关系代词thatwhowhich等作主语时其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致如Heisoneofmvfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
7、如果集体名词指的是整个集体(指集体这一物体),它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员们(从人的角度)其谓语动词就用复数形式这些词有crewcompanycommitteeJamilyclasscrowdcommitteepopulationaudience等如I ClassFourjsonthethirdfloor.ClassFourarediscussing(人才能讨论)amathsproblem.注意⑴集合名词peoplepolicecattle等在任何情况下都用复数形式,因为他们本身就是复数如Thepolice(警察们/警方)arecatchingthethief.Thepolicemaniscatchingthethief.PeopleofKailiarefriendlyandintelligent.
(2)works「厂,means方法,species物种,fishdeersheepChineseJapanese”等名词单、复数同形要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数
②Thisworkswas(Theseworkswere)builttwoyearsago.这(几)家工厂是两年前修建的
②Everymeanshas(Allthemeanshave)beentried.各种办法都试过了
③TheChineseisMr.Wang.
④Thereare30Chineseintheclass.
8、alotoflotsofplentyoftherestofthemajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Therestofthelectureiswonderful.50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注意anumber“许多”作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数:thenumberof”…的数量”主语是thenumber谓语用单数ThenumberofthestudentsinClass1810is
57.AnumberofthestudentsarefondofspeakingEnglishinpublic.
9、在倒装句中谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致如Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.TherejsabigtreeoverthereUnderwhichstandsaboy.
10、alotof/lotsofalar以eauantitvof等+名词作主语时谓语动词的单、复数由这些量词后的名词决定”如Alargequantityofpeopleareneededhere.Lotsofairhabeenpollutedaroundtheworld.但largequantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数如:Largequantitiesoffood/booksareonthetable.
11、whatwhowhichanymoreall等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定WhichisyourbagWhichareyourbagsAll(一切)isgoingwell.All(所有人)havegonetoBeijing.
12、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是i个整体Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.ThreeyearsinKailiNo.lMiddleSchool_isinfactashorttimeforus.Ahundreddollarsisenoughforthebeautifuldress.Athousandkilometersisalongjourneysowellhavetotakesomenecessaryfoodwithus.
13、若英语是书名、声名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式其谓语动词用单数形式.TheArabianNights(一千零一夜)isaninterestingstory-book.
14、算式中表示数目(字)的主语,其谓语动词采用单数形式如Twelveplus(力口)eightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedby(被…除)eightisseven.
15、一些学科名词是以s结尾如:mathematicspoliticsphysics实际意义为单数名词它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式如Ithinkphysicsisnteasytostudy.
16.trousersglassesclothesshoes等词作主语时,谓语用复数但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数.如Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedis_his.Thepairsofshoesunderthebedarehis.
17、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数但指个人时用单数TheChinesearebraveandhard-working.TheChineseoverthereisLiMing.18thefollowing作主语时谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如ThefollowingareuoodexamplesF面是一些好例子.Thefollowingismvadvice.
19、i两个主语由eitherorneither•••norwhether•••or•••(无论,••还是•••),notonly•••butalsonot…but…连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.
20.therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的第一个名词Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.Therelivesanoldmaninthehouse.注意Here引导的句子用法一样
21、主谓一致中的”表里不一“现象:morethanone+名词作主语时谓语动词常用单数.Morethanoneteachergetstheflowers.不止一个教师得到了花.manya+名词作主语时,从意义上看是复数Manyastudenthasbeensenttoplanttrees.很多学生被派去植树.all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.Allarepresentandallisgoingwell.所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.WhattheywanttogetareanumberofRoodbooks.他们想得到的是大量的好书.Whatweneedarevoursuggestions.each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.Theyeachhaveabike.他们每人有一辆自行车.oneandahalf+名词”作主语时谓语动词要用复数.Oneandahalfapplesareleftonthetable.桌子上有一个半苹果.。