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高中英语必修一Unit4语法知识定语从句精讲【课本例句】诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性.(教材P50)Thereweredeepcracksthat/whichappearedinthewellwalls..(教材P50)Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured..(教材P50)Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan
400000..(教材P50)Soonafterthequakesthearmysentl50000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead..(教材P50)Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed..(教材P52)AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador..Theboywhosefatherisateacherisanewclassmateofmine..Chinaisacountrythat/whichhasalonghistory.【发现总结】.第
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3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who在定语从句中作主语.第
1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that在定语从句中作主语.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom在定语从句中作宾语关系代词who/whom常用来指代人;关系代词that/which常用来指代物;关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物.第
5、7句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语,它既可以指人也可以指物【语法精讲】who(whom)whichthatwhose引导的定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,同时指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的句子成分;关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种,关系代词有thatwhichwhowhomwhose等;关系副词有whenwherewhyo
一、关系代词的基本用法Lwho指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略Themanwhoistalkingwithmyfatherisateacher.正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师Thegirl(who)Imetyesterdayishissister.我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,不能作主语Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长注意
(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替Theboy(who/whom/that)wesawyesterdayisJohnsbrother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,用whom不用whooHeisamanfromwhomweareallreadytolearn.他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人【即学即练1】关系代词填空lDoyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother2Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsetdownyournamesplease.3Thisisthepersonwho/whomyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.which只指物,不指人,可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略Guilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2000years.桂林是一个有2000年历史的城市Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldringwhichhehadlostonthetrain.那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴whose既可指人,也可指物其后接名词,与先行词构成从属关系,在从句中作定语Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略ThewomanthatIreadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道,她刚刚夺得一枚金牌ThereportthatMr.Turnerhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的【即学即练2】关系代词填空1Lookherearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.2Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsagoAnystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.
二、用that不用which的情况.当先行词为alleverythingnothinganythinglittlemuch等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已经做了.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食物.当先行词被theonlytheverythelast修饰时Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事.当先行词既指人,又指物时Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来.当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复而用thatWhoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate站在门口的那个人是谁?.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海已不是过去那个样子了【即学即练3】完成句子1这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园Thisisthemostbeautifulparkthat_I_have_visited.2我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事二一Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthat_we_remember.3我已找到昨天丢的钢笔Ihavefoundtheverypenthat_I_lost_yesterday.
三、用which不用that的情况.在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词前时Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他住的房间.引导非限制性定语从句时Tomcamebackwhichmadeusveryhappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴.在限制性定语从句中,如果有两个定语从句,其中前一句的关系代词是that那么后一句的关系代词就要用whichoLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说【即学即练4】用关系代词填空Thehouseinwhich1usedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.2Haveyoueverreadthebookwhichwaswrittenbyayounggirl
四、使用定语从句的注意事项L关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致“oneof十复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用复数形式;theonlyoneof+复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用单数形式ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.这是查理斯・狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩注意which引导非限制性定语从句时,往往代表前面所说的整个情况这时,which被看作单数,其后的谓语动词应用单数形式HesaidhewasaFrenchmanwhichwasnottrue.他说他是一个法国人,这不是真的.为避免关系词的重复,被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现ThisisthefactorywhichwevisitedlastSunday.visited后不可力口it这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂.关系代词的省略1关系代词作主语时不能省略2作动词宾语的关系代词,可以省略;作介词宾语的关系代词,如果不直接位于介词后,可省略,如果直接作介词的宾语,不能省略3关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略【即学即练5】单句语法填空1Allthingscanbedonehashavebeendone.2Thestudentyoushouldlearnfromistheonewhoworkshardandstudieshard.3HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowSpanish.。