还剩9页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
高中英语人教版高三一轮复习虚拟语气【问题查找】单项选择HadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogetherAIDS-relateddeathssincetheirhighestin
2005.A.hadnotfallenB.wouldnotfallC.didnotfallD.wouldnothavefallenWebackinthehotelnowifyoudidntlosethemap.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbePeoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichtheyawayinthepast.A.hadthrownB.willbethrowingC.werethrowingD.wouldhavethrownTheywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigationortheytoourhelp.A.wouldhavecomeB.couldcomeC.havecomeD.hadcomeshouldnothavelaughedifIyouwereserious.A.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethoughtIfweatableearlierwewouldntbestandinghereinaqueue.A.havebookedB.bookedC.bookD.hadbooked—Itrainedcatsanddogsthismorning.lmgladwetookanumbrella.一Yeahwewouldhavegotwetalloverifwe.A.hadntB.haventC.didntD.dontIfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbeforeheabletospeakitmuchbetternow.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.hasbeenD.wouldhavebeen答案与解释D【解析】试题分析句意如果政府和科学家不共同努力,艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降使用虚拟语气,if条件句用的haddone而且省略it将had提前,主句用wouldhavedone表示对过去情况的虚拟故选DoD【解析】试题分析本题考查虚拟语气句意如果你不丢失地图,我们就已经到旅馆了根据条件状语从句中“ifwedidntlosethemap”可知主从句都是对现在情况的假设,所以选用DoD【解析】试题分析句意人们现在正在回收过去会扔掉的东西这句话的which引导的是定语从句,是一个隐含的虚拟语气,因为inthepast相当于Iftheyhadbeeninthepast所以句子用虚拟语气,和过去相反用wouldhavedone所以选DA【解析】试题分析这里when引导的是定语从句,修饰前面的名词months;根据谓语动词were可知事情发生过去,or后是对过去的虚拟,所以应该用wouldhavedone故选A句意在我们进行调查期间他们在国外,要不然的话他们就来帮忙C【解析】考查虚拟语气句意为如果我认为你是认真的话,我就不会笑了(实际上我笑了)根据主句的谓语动词可知是与过去是相反的虚拟,所以if从句的谓语动词用过去完为“所……的”故填whatamazing所给词在句中用来修饰不定代词something”,意为“令人感到惊奇的”故填amazingoAs/When根据两句话之间的语境逻辑可知,此处所缺词应意为“随着……”或者当……时:故填As/When注意首字母应大写the此处特指上文提到的这口井故填theputs根据题干可知,所给词作谓语;同时这是这则寓言故事的道理,因此时态应用一般现在时故填putsby根据语境可知,此处所填词与动名词连用,表示方式手段成时,故选c项D【解析】考查虚拟语气条件句“如果我们早订了桌子”是对过去的假设,所以用过去完成时的形式,选DA【解析】考查虚拟语气°主句用wouldhavedone结构,从句应用haddone结构,答语省略了takentheumbrella.B[解析】考查虚拟语气if从句中的hadspent暗示从句是跟过去事实相反的,而主句中的now暗示主句跟现在事实相反,故用woulddoo句意如果他以前多花点时间练习英语口语,他现在就能说得好多了【要点精讲】虚拟语气定义虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议,而不是客观存在的事实,它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示.条件句中的虚拟语气包含条件从句的句子称为条件句条件句分为两类一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句⑴如果假设的情况很可能发生,就用真实条件句Ifhehastimehewillcome.如果他有时间他会来Ifyouhaventfinishedyourcompositionyoucanhanditintomorrow.如果你还未写完作文,你可以明天交⑵如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大,则用虚拟条件句虚拟条件句分为三种,见下表:假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反过去式(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could+动词原形与将来事实相反
①过去式
②should+动词原形
③wereto+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成式(had+过去分词)would/should/might/could+have+过去分词例句Ifhehadtimenowhewould(could,might)gowithyou.要是他现在有时间,他会和你一起去的(与现在事实相反)Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlieryouwould(could,might)havemetthefamoussinger.如果你能早来几分钟,你就会见到那个著名歌手了(与过去事实相反)Ifitweretosnowthiseveningtheywouldnotgoout.如果今天晚上下雪,他们就不会出去(与将来事实相反)【重点提示】含有条件状语从句中的虚拟语气使用时要注意以下几点⑴主句中的should只用于第一人称I和we但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称⑵在虚拟语气的从句中动词“be”的过去时态常用“were,IfIwereyou…句式中,不用waso⑶虚拟条件句中有werehadshould时:可把if省略,而把werehadshould放在主语前,用倒装结构,这种结构主要用于书面语中Weretheyherenowtheycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenowtheycouldhelpus.要是他们现在在这儿的话,就会帮助我们了Shoulditrainthecropswouldbesaved.=lfitshouldrainthecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了【典题精析】IactuallybelievethatweinXiannowifyouhadntbeencaughtdrunkdrivinglastmonth.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.hadbeen一Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek——ThetreeswellbutIdidn*twaterthem.A.mightgrowB.neednthavegrownC.wouldhavegrownD.wouldgrow答案.A【解析】句意事实上,我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话,我们现在就在西安呢本题考查虚拟语气if从句中的时间状语为过去时间(lastmonth)而主句的时间状语为now所以主句是对现在事实的虚拟,应为wouldbeo本题为“错综时间虚拟条件句”.C【解析】句意一一我们上周种的小树怎么了?一一(如果我浇水的话)那些树会长得很好,但是我没浇水根据but后的分句可知空格处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,补全原句为ifIhadwateredthemthetreeswouldhavegrownwellbutIdidntwaterthem..虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用主句从句谓语形式意义例句Iwish过去式(be用were)从句与现在事实相反IwishIweretenyearsyounger.但愿我能年轻10岁could/would+动词原形从句与将来事实相反IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了过去完成时从句与过去事实相反IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.我真希望昨天见到了那位电影明星Iwouldrather过去时(be用were)从句与现在事实相反Idratherwehadarestnow.我希望我们现在休息一下过去时(be用were)从句与将来事实相反Idratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.我宁愿你明天来,而不是今天过去完成时从句与过去事实相反Idrathertheyhadntdroppedoutofschool.我真希望他们没有退学Iinsist/demand/require/request/propose/suggest/command/order…should动词原形表示“建议、命令、要求”等,从句与将来事实相反MyfathersuggestthatIshouldtakeenoughsleepbeforethefinalexamination.爸爸建议我期末考试前睡眠要充足HeinsistedthatIshouldcometohisofficeatoneoclock.他坚持要求我一点去他的办公室【提示】1除上述列举的动词外,新课标词汇desirerecommendurge等也符合上述用法2suggest表示“暗示,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气【典题精练】Shewishesshetothecinemalastnight.A.wentB.wouldgoC.hadgoneD.weregoingHeasksthatheanopportunitytoexplainwhyhesrefusedtogothere.A.isgivenB.mustgiveC.shouldgiveD.begivenThereporturgedthatallthechildrentoswim.A.aretaughtB.betaughtC.tobetaughtD.beingtaught答案1・C【解析】句意她希望她那晚去了电影院根据句意,可知道这里是一个虚拟句,对过去事实的一个虚拟,要用过去完成时D【解析】表示请求、建议、命令的动词后接宾语从句时,从句中的谓语部分需要用虚拟语气should+动词原形He和giveanopportunity是被动关系B【解析】Urge后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略,且本句要使用被动语态;句意那则报告强烈要求所有的孩子都被教会游泳故B正确.错综时间条件句在错综时间条件句中,条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致,因此动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctoryouwouldbeallrightnow.如果你当初听医生的话,现在你已经好了从句说明过去,主句说明现在IfIwereyouIwouldhavetakenheradvice.如果我是你,我就接受她的建议从句说明现在主句说明过去.虚拟语气的其他用法lltishigh/abouttimethat…中的that从句用虚拟语气从句谓语用过去时或“should+动词原形,should不可省略Itishightimethatwehadsupper.我们该吃晚饭了2ltisimportantnecessaryessentialstrangeapity等that…中的that从句用虚拟语气从句谓语用“should+动词原形”或“shouldhave+过去分词”Itisimportantthatweshouldworkhard.我们努力工作很重要Itisapitythatheshouldhavefailedintheexam.他考试竟没有及格真是遗憾⑶与表示请求、建议、命令、要求等意义的词相关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,常用“should+动词原形,should可省略Hegavetheadvicethatweshoulddotheworkcarefully.他建议我们认真做这项工作Itissuggestedthatweshouldstartbeforesunset.人们建议我们日落前出发【拓展记忆】一主张insist二命令order;command三建议suggestadviserecommend四要求requestrequireaskdemand外加一个敦促urge4asif/though引导的从句用虚拟语气时,从句谓语形式Hetalkedasifhehadknownit.他谈起来好像已知道此事⑸在ifonly引导的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望用一般过去时或“would/could+动词原形”,表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望,常译为“要是……就好了”IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=IfIwereabirdIwould...如果我是一只飞鸟该多好啊!IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=IfIhadseenthefilmIwould/might/shouldhavedone...如果我看过那部电影该多好啊!【典题精析】IshouldnothavelaughedifIyouwereserious.A.thoughtBwouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气此处为if虚拟条件句,其主句使用的是shouldhavedone可知是对过去的虚拟,故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟Mymomsuggeststhatweeatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气题干关键词为suggest表示建议,其后所接的名词性从句应用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气,故选AThepresentsituationisverycomplexsoIthinkitwilltakemesometimetoitsreality.A.makeupB.figureoutC.lookthroughD.putoff【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析句意目前的形势非常复杂,要经过一段时间我才能弄明白它的实际情况figureout弄清楚;弄明白”,符合句意makeup“弥补;编造;构成;lookthrough“浏览;putoff”推迟;延期”GracedoesntwanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshethereshewouldntbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.haslivedD.weretolive【答案】D【解析】这是与将来情况相反的虚拟条件句主句uGracedoesntwanttomovetoNewYork说明她还没有搬到纽约去,搬到纽约去是对“未来”的虚拟if引导的虚拟条件句中表示与将来的事实相反时可使用过去式、should+v.或wereto+v.的形式,故选DoIfweadequatepreparationstheconferencewouldnthavebeensosuccessful.A.haventmadeB.wouldntmakeC.didntmakeD.hadntmade【答案】D【解析】由语境可知”会议是成功的”,因为“我们作了充分的准备”,由此推断此题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,if从句用过去完成时,主句用uwould/could/should/might+havedonev形式,故D项正确掌握与过去、现在或将来事实相反的虚拟语气的构成是解答此类题目的关键【查漏补缺】单项选择IfmycarmorereliableIwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe【答案】B【解析】句意如果我的汽车性能更可靠些,去年夏天我就会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机去了结合句意可知考查虚拟语气由主句谓语wouldhavedriven和时间状语lastsummer可知,if条件句表示对过去情况的虚拟,故用过去完成时解题关键是弄清虚拟的时间WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHaroldusaridehome.A.didntofferB.wouldntofferC.hasntofferedD.hadntoffered答案D【解析】根据句意以及题干中关键信息词wouldhavecalledyesterday以及if可知,强调的是虚拟语气的意思根据过去时的时间状语提示,联想虚拟语气在过去时中的主句和从句各自的结构可知,答案为D—WherearethechildrenThedinnersgoingtobecompletelyruined.一Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.werentB.hadntbeenC.wouldnbeD.wouldnthavebeen【答案】A【解析】wish引出虚拟语气,题干中出现了always故从句虚拟应使用一般过去时Ithroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldnthavegoneB.didntgoC.wouldntgoD.hadntgone答案A【解析】withoutwithor等可构成委婉虚拟语气,且thatbitterperiod表示过去的时间,故对过去的虚拟语气用“主语+should/would/could/might+havedone”表达,所以选AIfIlongenoughtohaveajobIwouldchoosetobeadoctorthoseAIDSpatients.A.hadlived;helpingB.shouldlive;helpC.weretolive;tohelpD.shouldhavelived;help答案C【解析】本句表示的是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气;第二空应用动词不定式作目的状语故答案为C项Ifweatableearlierwewouldntbestandinghereinaqueue.A.havebookedB.bookedD.hadbooked【答案】D【解析I考查虚拟语气根据句意如果我们早点订桌的话,我们就不会在这里站着排队了可知if从句是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成时态MaybeifIscienceandnotliteraturethenIwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying【答案】C【解析】then表示过去的时间,if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟,因此使用过去完成时Iamnotgoingtosithereandletherabuseme.Idemandthatsheimmediatelyforwhatshejustsaid.A.apologizeB.wouldapologizeC.apologizedD.mustapologize答案A【解析】demand后表“要求”时,用“should+动词原形”的形式,should也可省略,故选AIfonlyIafewdaysago!ThenIwouldnthavebeenfeelingsoworriednow.A.lookedaheadB.couldlookaheadC.weretolookaheadD.hadlookedahead【答案】D【解析】此处是对过去情况的假设,故用过去完成时Itshightimethatwemorningexercises.A.doB.doesC.didD.doing【答案】C【解析】tshightimethat…中的从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语可用过去时或“should+动词原形”should不可省略【梳理优化】虚拟条件句假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反过去式(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could+动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成式(had+过去分词)would/should/might/could+have+过去分词与将来事实相反
①过去式
②should+动词原形
③wereto+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原形虚拟语气在宾语从句
①在动词wish后的宾语从句中,用法如下表主句从句谓语形式Iwish从句与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)从句与过去事实相反过去完成时从句与将来事实相反could/would/might+动词原形
②在动词wouldrather后的宾语从句中,用法如下表主句从句谓语形式Iwouldrather从句与现在事实相反过去时(be用were)从句与过去事实相反过去完成时从句与将来事实相反过去时(be用were)
③在表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等动词后的宾语从句中,从句谓语动词形式(should)动词原形,从句与将来事实相反这类动词可按下列口诀记忆一坚持insist二命令ordercommand三建议suggestproposeadvise四要求requestrequiredemandask【强化巩固】I.使用虚拟语气改写下列句子句意保持不变l.Shewillbegivenenoughmoney.Shewillbuythebook.Ifsheenoughmoneyshethebook.答案:weregiven;wouldbuy.Hewantstocometothepartybuthecantbecausehehastowork.Hetothepartyifhetowork.答案:wouldgo;didnthave.LiPingiseasygoingsoshehasanumberoffriends.IfsheeasygoingLiPinganumberoffriends.答案:werenot;wouldnthaveII.完成句子.没有战争的经历,海明威不会创作出著名的小说《永别了武器》WithouthiswartimeexperiencesHemingwayhisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.答案:wouldnthavewritten.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去他肯定盼望着收到信Idratheryoutheletterrightaway.Hemustbelookingforwardtoit.答案:posted3•我们需要尽快完成工作但愿他不会那么懒惰Weneedtofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.Iwishthathesolazy.答案:werent.要是我昨晚陪你去就好了IwishthatIwithyoulastnight.答案:hadgone•她建议我们把门锁上Sheadvisedthatwethegatelocked.答案:shouldkeep【课后练习】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空Heurgedthatwegiveuptheplan.ThebossdemandedthatMaryfinishitwithinaweek..HerpalefacesuggestedshebeillandIsuggestedthatsheseethedoctor.Heinsistedthatheberight.IwishIhavealittlelabofmyown.IwishIbeasstrongasyou.
二、语法填空Onceafarmersdonkey驴fellintoadeepwell.Theanimalcriedloudlyforhoursbutthefarmercouldntfigureoutwhattodo_1_it.Finallyhedecidedthattheanimalwasoldandthatthewellneededtobecoveredanywaysohe_2_thinkthedonkeywasntworthsaving.Thenheinvitedsomeofhisneighborstocomeoverandhelp_3_.Theyalltookashovel铁铲andbegantoputdirtintothewell.Atfirstthedonkeyrealizedwhatwashappeningandcried_4_pitiful.Thentoeveryonessurprisethedonkeybecamequiet.Afewshovelloadslaterthefarmerlookeddownintothewellandwasastonishedat_5_hesaw.Eachshovelofdirthititsbackbutthedonkeywasdoingsomething_6_amaze.Itwasshakingthedirtoffandtakingastepup._7_theneighborscontinuedtoputmoredirtontopoftheanimalitwouldshakethedirtoffandtakeonemorestepup.Prettysooneveryonewassurprisedasthedonkeysteppedupovertheedgeof_8_wellandranoffhappily!Whenlifesometimes_9_putdirtonyouthebestwayofgettingoutofthewellistoshakethedirtoffandtakeastepup.Eachofyourtroublesisasteppingstone.Youcangetoutofthedeepestwelljust_10_nevergivingup!
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.答案
1.with/for/about根据语境可知,此处可以指“应对、处理这件事”的意思,与“do”连用,故可以填with或about;同时“it”也可以指代“驴”,此时可以填“for”thought根据上句时态“decided”可知,本句也用一般过去时故填thoughthim根据上下文语境可知,他邀请邻居过来帮他一起填埋这头驴故填himpitifully所给词是用来修饰谓语动词“cried”的修饰动词应用副词故填pitifullywhat根据题干结构可知,本句话包含一个宾语从句,从句中缺少“saw”的宾语,意。