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单元语法限制性定语从句Theattributiveclause学习目标掌握定语从句用法;学会正确使用关系代词和关系副词重点语法解说一关系代词引导的定语从句who指人,在定语从句中作主语TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略MrLiuisthepersonwhomyoutalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人LiMingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩Theprofessorwhomyouarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了注意关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略Themanwhom/whoyoumetjustnowismyoldfriend.Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.他喜欢外国作家写的书Thisisthepenwhichheboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔That指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which.在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季节是夏季Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语飞Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了——个全国知名的科学家Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里注意指物时,常用下列结构来代替
8.他们在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作TheyworkedinafactoryTheclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(二)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩注意
1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面如:lookforlookaftertakecareof等Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)这是我正在找的手表ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误).若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom不可用whothat;关系代词指物时只可用which不可用that关系代词是所有格时用whoseoThemanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误).“介词+关系代词前还可有someanynoneallbothneithermanymosteachfew等代词或者数词如Heloveshisparentsdeeplybothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapplessomeofwhichhavegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了
(三)关系副词引导的定语从句when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道注意关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示如:Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.自从他在农村读小学时,他就已经知道长大后要做什么Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.彳也们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的
(一)限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况.当先彳亍词是everythinganythingnothing(something除夕卜),allnonefewlittlesome等不定代词时,或当先行词受everyanyallsomenolittlefewmuch等代词修饰时如HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做好了ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我不能为你干什么Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料注意当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词Who如Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon*dosuchathing.任何有责任感的人者K不会做这样的事Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.所有应邀来参力口她婚礼的客人都是重要人物.当先行词被序数词修饰时如:ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时如ThisisthebestfilmthatThaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影.当先行词被theverytheonly修饰时如ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典Afterthefireinhishousetheoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.家里发生了火灾过后,那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有注意当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who如WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人.当先行词前面有whowhich等疑问代词时如Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate站在门口的那个人是谁?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost哪件T恤衫最合我的身?.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时如Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴
(二)以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导,而且通常可以省略如Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather我不喜欢你冲她的样子
(三)关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(即所担当的成分)试比较Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我矢口道——个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我6]一起度假的日子Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们——起度过的日子Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因
(四)定语从句与同位语从句的区别.定语从句修饰限定先行词,它与先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容它与先行词是同位关系TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.(定语从句)刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.(同位语从句)他已经去世了,这个事实很明了.定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分,关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略同位语从句主要由连词that引导在从句中一般不担当成分;有时也由wherewhenhowwhowhetherwhat等连词引导,这些连词则在从句中担当成分Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.(定语从句)他告诉我的消息是真的Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(同位语从句)他刚刚去世了,这个消息是真的
3.同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子而定语从句则不能如Theideathathewecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(同位语从句)我们可以向老师请教,这个主意不错Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.(同位语从句)地球围绕太阳转,这个事实人人皆知Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.总结:限制性定语从句关系词一览表预习自测题Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsoradverbs.lHangzhouisacitythereisabeautifullake.2Hangzhouisacityhasabeautifullake.3CanyoutellmethedateLincolnwaskilled4CanyoutellmethedateonLincolnwaskilled5TheschoolIstudiedhadmodernequipment.6Theschoolwasbuiltlastyearhadmodernequipment.7Thisisthefactoryhevisitedlastyear.8Thisisthefactoryheonceworked.9mneverforgetthedaysweplayedtogetherinthecountry.10Illneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherinthecountry.1lDoyouknowthereasonshewaslate课堂检测题单句语法填空ThisisthebabyIshalllookaftertomorrow.Thestudenttoyoutalkedjustnowisagoodfootballplayer.Myfamilyclimbedupthehillsonthetopofwehadapicnicbefore.Hestilllivesintheroomwindowfacestotheeast.Hestilllivesintheroomisinthenorthofthecity.Hestilllivesintheroomthereisabeautifultable.Doyouknowthereasonhedidnotcome.Theboymotherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.当堂训练题Ichangetheunderlinedphrasesintoattributiveclause.Alicehadanarrangedmarriage..Theotherdaythecryingbabygavemeaheadache..Theangleofthelightonthatfascinatingphotographledtoitwinningfirstprizeinacompetition..Thenumberofendangeredanimalsincreasesyearbyyear..Peopleinneedofabigloanshouldcometoourbank.II用定语从句翻译下面句子.现在正在建造的那幢房子将是我们的寝室.你找的那位大夫在屋里.我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的.我们要做的就是每天练习•这就是我住过五年的地方课后练习题~\Therewasatime1IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthisisthereason2myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub3ImetmanystrangersImissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunatelymyguide4teacherwasLiYangcommunicatedwithmefacetofacefrom5Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsoshowedmeagoodpartnerandwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6wedid.Myfatherandtheguide7encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglishshouldbeappreciated.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglishinto8Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIwillreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIwilljoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleepIwillrecallmypassagesthrough9Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10ourEnglishteachersays“AslongasweformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverancewewillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.^^
二、单项填空WasitmidnightyoufellasleepwhilereadingwiththecandlestillburningA.whenB.thatC.whichD./Theseventeenthcenturywasonemanysignificant(重大的)advancesweremadeinbothscienceandphilosophy.A.whichB.inthatC.inwhichD.atwhichThespeedlighttravelsissaidtobethemaximumintheuniverse.A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.bywhichD.atwhichGovernmentreportslegalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationsEnglishisused.A.whenB.thatC.howD.whereThevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicturestandsthefamoustower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whoWeoftentalkedofthethingsandpersonswerememberedfromschool.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which
三、根据句意用定语从句完成句子.我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书Iwanttotakeawaythebook.那天上午就是那样,事事不顺心Itwasthesortofmorning..你认识明天要给我们作报告的那位同志吗?Doyouknowthecomrade.那两个迷路的男孩碰巧进入了一个山洞,在那里他们意外地发现了一些非常有价值的史前岩画Thetwolostboyshappenedtocomeintoacave.•伽利略生活的时代是人类灵魂经过了千年沉睡之后正在苏醒的时代Galileolivedatatime..国内外的所有中国人都不会忘记五星红旗在香港的土地上升起时的日子AlltheChineseathomeandabroadwillforeverrememberthedate.这就是我们两年前访问的那家工厂Thisisthefactory先行词人物作主语who/thatwhich/that作宾语whom/that作定语whosewhose/ofwhich作状语时间when二介词+which地点where=介词+whichreason后Why=for+whichway后that/inwhich/-。