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科普知识与现代技术基础巩固I.单句语法填空Thelnternethasenabledusknowandunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.Howeversomeofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologybringaboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.Iwilltellyoudirectthatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.Inl8thcenturytheinventofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuchconvenienttous.Incontrastthisconditionjustindicatesthatour1ifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.Whylsayitnormalisbecauselbelievethatnothingisabsolutegoodandrightforus.Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransportthereareplentyofotherthingsincluderobots.Wecandomanythingsthatwedidnthavetheabilitytodointhepastbyuserobotsn.单句改错每小题仅有i处错误TherobotswilIbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertosel1tothepublie.Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation..Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantagesforexamplesithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.IfourgovernmentdoitwellIfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus..Themoderntransportbenefitsourlifethoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothereremanyaccidents.Actuallyrobotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.Thenewtechnologyifapplyingtoricegrowingwillhelpincreasethegrainoutput.Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife一thecomputernetwork.话题词汇advantagen.优势artificiala力•.人造的,人工的negativeeffect负面影响breakthroughn.突破surftheInternet上网explorev.探索conveniencen.方便of...hthedevelopmentof...随着的发展changeoneslife改变某人的生活drawbackn.缺点,不利条件能力提升in.阅读理解A(2018•辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEnglandsheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.aswellasfami1iarhumans.Howeverhave1argebrainswerepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanotheraswellasfamiliarhumans.Howevertheirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.TherecentstudytheresuItsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournal^y^VS^cj^tyshowedthatthewoo11ycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizesti11imagesofhumanfacesincludingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Laterthesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Latertheywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatananglethoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyaboutl5percent一thesamerateatwhichahumansabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.^Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.saidProfessorJennyMortonwholedtheCambridgestudy.Weveshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedface-recognitionabilitiesclosetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”RecognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeingsandsomedisordersofthebrainincludingHuntingtonsdiseaseaffectthisability.^Sheeparelong-1ivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.ThatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrainsuchasHuntingtonsdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的)abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.Mortonsaid.
21.AccordingtothenewresearchwhatsunusualaboutsheepA.Theyhavelargebrains.B.Theycanrecognizetheirowners.C.Theycantellanimalsfromhumans.D.Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.HowdidtheresearcherstrainthesheepBygivingfoodrewards.Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageSheephaveahigherface-recognitionabilitythanmonkeys.Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.Thesheepsface-recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.Thesheepsface-recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.WhatsthebesttitleofthepassageAWonderfulScientistTheLifeofSheepANewDiscoveryAboutSheepHowSheepRecognizeEachOtherB(2018•四川内江一模)Inrecentyearscarmanufacturers(制造商)havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石)fue1swithelectricmotors.Unfortunatelythesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidntsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.Howevercarmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridearwhichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolenginecomesin.TheelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionaleanInahybridcartheengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrolelectricityorboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpowerforexampleifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephillitusesallofitsresources(资源),butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whens1owingdownorbreakingtheelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcahybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluniinumandcarbonfiberwhichmakesthemextremely1ight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcarssotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse,hybridcarsarentperfect;theystillrunonfossiIfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.Howevertheymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaneragreenervcars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogcngivingoffharmlesswatervapor.11looks1ikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.
25.WhatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotorsA.Theymovedveryfast.BTheywereunpopular.C.Theirengineswereoftenreplaced.D.Theirengineswereexpensive.
26.HowdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunctionA.Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.B.Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.C.Itdecideswheretopowerthecar.D.Itcontrolshowthecarusespower.
27.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5A.Carssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.B.Electricmotorandpetrolengine.C・Hybridcarandhydrogencar.D.Aluminumandcarbonfiber.
28.WhatsthebesttitleforthetextA.CarsEnginesB.CarPollutionC.GreenCarsD.CarsAdvantagesW.完形填空Iwasconfusedwhilelwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.Iwassi11ingthere1ookingatwhatId29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.Imaboutto31_alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanlsayImtryingtolosesomeweight.321dothingslikethatallthetimewhichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机L)andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatlwillnolongereatthemagainsoljusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitai1thewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyrightandthenatbedtime“justonechipwont36it”turnsinto^wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgoOfcourse137dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.0ncelputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising
38.Iwasstartingtofeelan
39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.ButJustasitwasabouttobecomea40lenteredaperiodoflonglatenightsfilledwith4Xdeadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputereatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay
42.Withinafewdaysthehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa
43.Unfortunatebut44Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45Ihadworktodoforwhichlneededalltheenergylcould
46.Solstartedskippingexercisesessions.And£7Istarteddoingso,itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother
48.A.cookedC.designedA.battleC.performanceA.burnC.loseA.SurprisinglyC.UnfortunatelyA.comingoffC.takingoffA.equipC.presentA.agreeC.imagineA.hurtC.changeA.alwaysC.seldomA.hardlyC.regularlyA.urgeC.differenceA.planC.gamethereremanyaccidents.
16.Actuallyrobotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygiveto\usmuchhelp.inventionIwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmodern-::inourlife——thecomputernetwork.inventionsIII.D[细节理解题由第一段中的“sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs^可知,绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸,故选I)]A[细节理解题由第四段首句Initiallythesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.n可知,研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊,故选A]B[推理判断题由最后一段中的“Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelp...Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”可以推断出,该项新发现有益于对认知能力改变的研究,故选B]C[标题归纳题通读全文可知这篇文章主要讲了一项新的研究表明绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸,故选Co]B[推理判断题根据第二段第
二、三句aUnfortunatelythesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidntsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.可知,这种电动汽车的电池很快就耗尽了,而且充电需要花很长时间,所以不受欢迎卖得不好故选B]D[细节理解题根据第四段第一句Inahybridcartheengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrolelectricityorboth.可知,混合动力车的电脑决定该车是使用汽油、电力还是两者兼用故选D]A[代词指代题根据第五段中的theyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcarv及“usingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiberwhichmakesthemextremelylight可知,更小的发动机和特殊的建造材料使混合动力车省油,所以Bothofthem指的是这两者,故选A]C[标题归纳题文章介绍了一种由电脑操控引擎、经济环保的混合动力汽车C项(绿色环保车)概括了其主要优点,适合作为本文标题]语篇解读作者想要减肥,但是他不断地摄入大量脂肪,又因为种种原因放弃了锻炼,最终减肥失败B[cook烹饪;order点菜,命令;design设计;introduce介绍由上文中的“Iwaseatinglunchinarestaurant可知此处指作者看着自己“点的食物”]A[battle战斗;competition竞争;performance表演;practice练习下一句提到作者摄入大量脂肪,又喝苏打水减肥,故可知作者非常矛盾,内心做着激烈的“斗争”故A项正确]D[burn燃烧;contain包含;lose失去;consume吃,喝,饮作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪故D项正确]C[surprisingly令人惊讶地;happily高兴地;unfortunately不幸地;hopefully有希望地上一句提到作者想要减肥,但是不幸的是作者还不断地摄入大量脂肪,所以此处意为“不幸的是”故C项正确]A[comeoff从掉下;passaway去世;takeoff起飞;turnaway拒绝进入作者不断地摄入大量脂肪,这是作者体重下降慢的原因故A项正确]I[equip装备,使具有;connect连接;present颁发,呈现;reward奖赏作者在跑步机上锻炼半个小时后,用薯片来奖励自己故D项正确]D[agree同意;pretend假装;imagine想象;decide决定由后面的“soIjusteatalotatthistime”可知,作者决定以后再也不吃薯片了,所以只在这次吃很多的薯片故D项正确]A[hurt危害,伤害;count数数;change改变;solve解决作者认为只吃一片薯片不会妨碍自己减肥,这是作者为自己吃薯片找的借口故A项正确]B[always一直,总是;sometimes有时候;seldom很少;never从不由下一句OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperly...可知,作者有时候减肥计划实施得很好故B项正确]C[hardly几乎不;instantly立即;regularly有规律地定期地;slightly稍微地由下文“Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.”可知,作者的减肥计划曾经实施得很好由此可知,作者曾经有两周坚持合理饮食并经常锻炼故C项正确]C[urge迫切的要求;attraction吸引力;difference不同;pain痛苦由下一句Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.”可知,作者弯腰系鞋带容易多了,说明作者开始感觉到不同了故C项正确]B[plan计划;habit习惯;game游戏;hobby业余爱好由该段最后一句中的“thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercising可知,此处指正当合理饮食和经常锻炼即将成为一个习惯时故B项正确]D[original最初的;common常见的;inspiring鼓舞人心的;tight紧的由下一句作者熬夜工作可知,作者的工作期限很紧故D项正确]A[awake醒着的;calm冷静的;healthy健康的;strong强壮的作者通过吃零食、喝苏打水来保持清醒状态故A项正确]B[goal目标;memc^y记忆;reality现实;trend趋势熬夜使得作者没有再坚持合理的饮食和锻炼,所以合理的饮食和锻炼成为了一个“记忆”故B项正确]C[unbelievable难以置信的;changeable易变的;understandable可理解的;enjoyable愉快的08/9作者太疲惫了以至于不能坚持锻炼,这虽然不幸但是可以理解故C项正确]C[therefore因此;however但是;besides此外;otherwise否则上一句提到作者太累以至于不能坚持锻炼该句提到作者有大量工作要做这都是作者放弃的原因,它们之间是并列关系,故C项正确]B[lack缺乏;save储存,节省;show展示;throw扔大量的工作需要消耗作者所能储存的所有能量故B项正确]A[once一旦;before以前;unless除非;though但是一旦间断锻炼,以后就很容易经常间断故A项正确]D[choice选择;fault缺点,过失;cause起因;excuse借口作者认为我们总是能够找到理由不去做应该做的事每一个理由都是为自己开脱的借口故D项正确]。