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2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Aremarkablenewstudyonhowwhalesbehavedwhenattackedbyhumansinthe19thcenturyhasimplicationsforthewaytheyreacttochangescausedbyhumansinthe21stcentury.ThepaperisauthoredbyWhiteheadandRendelltatDalhousieUniversityandtheirresearchaddressesanage--oldquestion:ifwhalesaresosmartwhydidtheyhangaroundtobekilledTheanswerTheydidnt.Usingnewlydigitised(数字化的)logbooksdetailingthehuntingofwhalesinthenorthPacifictheauthorsdiscoveredthatwithinjustafewyearsthestrikerateofthewhalersharpoons(捕鲸者的鱼叉)fellby58%.Thissimplefactleadstoanastonishingconclusion:thatinformationaboutwhatwashappeningtothemwasbeingcollectivelysharedamongthewhaleswhomadevitalchangestotheirbehaviour.Theylearnedquicklyfromtheirmistakes.“Spermwhaleshaveatraditionalwayofreactingtoattacksfromorca(杀人鲸)/notesWhitehead.Beforehumansorcaweretheironlypredators(捕食者)againstwhomspermwhalesformdefensivecirclestheirpowerfultillsheldoutwardstokeeppredatorsatbay“Butsuchtechniquesjustmadeiteasierforthewhalerstokillthem/saysWhitehead.Spermwhalesarehighlysocialisedanimalsabletocommunicateovergreatdistances.Informationaboutthenewdangersmayhavebeenpassedoninthesamewaytheyshareknowledgeaboutfeedinggrounds.TheyalsopossessthelargestbrainontheplanetItisnothardtoimaginethattheyunderstoodwhatwashappeningtothem.Thehuntersthemselvesrealisedthewhaleseffortstoescape.Theysawthattheanimalsappearedtocommunicatethethreatwithintheirattackedgroups.Abandoningtheirusualdefensiveformationsthewhalesswamupwindtoescapethehuntersshipsthemselveswind-powered.Nowjustaswhalesarebeginningtorecoverfromtheindustrialdestructionby20th-centurywhalingfleetswhosesteamshipsandgrenadeharpoonsnowhalecouldescapefromtheyfacenewthreatscreatedbyourtechnology.Theyrehavingtolearnnottogethitbyshipscopewiththedepredations(劫掠)oflonglinefishingthechangingsourceoftheirfoodduetoclimatechange/7Whiteheadsays.Thesamesortofurgentsociallearningtheanimalsexperiencedinthewhalewarsoftwocenturiesagoisreflectedinthewaytheynegotiatetodaysuncertainworld/7WhatisthenewstudymainlyaboutWhales7sociallives.Whalesemotionalintelligence.Whalereactiontoclimatechanges.Whalesbehaviorunderhumanattack.Whatcausedwhalestomakechangestoescapethehunters7shipThewindintheirfavor.Theirpowerfulphysicalstrength.Thesharedshipattackinformation.Theirusualdefensiveformations.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph5Statepossiblereasons.Addbackgroundinformation.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.WhatsWhiteheadsattitudetowardswhalesfuturesurvivalPessimistic.Unclear.Cautious.Optimistic.dcADEarthislightedupbybioluminescence(生物发光)butformanyofusseeingthenaturalphenomenonisararetreat:Catchingtheglow(光)ofafireflyorwitnessingadolphinswimmingthroughelectricbluewatersisathrill.Researchersarecurrentlyengineeringglowingflowersanddecorativeplantsthatcancastagreenlightontoourlivingrooms.Observingaplanfshealthviaitsglowcanbeawaytoinstantlymeasureitshealthandtheside-effectisanybodywhowantsahealthyglowingplantintheirlivingroomcanhaveone.AstudypublishedonMondayinNatureBiotechnologyshowsthatthisgoaliswellonitswaytobeingareality.ThestudyauthorsannouncetheyVecreatedamethodthatcausesplantstoglowmuchbrighterandforalongerperiodoftimethanpreviousefforts.Plantsadaptedbythismethodshouldbeavailableforpurchasewithinafewyears.TheresearchwasconductedthroughateamworkbetweenthreescientificinstitutionsandPlantaabiotechstartupinMoscow.Whenthisteamexaminedapoisonousmushroomtheydiscoveredthatcaffeicacidisresponsibleforitsbioluminescence.InthisnewstudytheteamemployedthatinformationandinsertedenzymeswhicharespecifictothemushroomintotheDNAoftobaccoplants.InturntheenzymeswereabletointeractwiththecaffeicacidinthetobaccoplantsandcausethemtoglowbothinthedarkandinthedaylightThismethodthescientistsclaimedmadetheplants10timesbrighterthanpreviouseffortsandthecontinuouslightproductiondidnftharmthehealthoftheplants.Interestinglythelightdecreasedastheleavesaged-butitalsoincreasedwhentheleavesweredamaged.Inturntheteamsuggestedthismethodcouldalsohelpotherresearchersmonitorplantresponsestovariouspressuresandchangesintheenvironment.Ifaplantisshortofwaterorahungrysheepisharmingaplantbioluminescencecouldwarnofthisdamagebeforeitstoolate.
28.HowcanpeoplequicklyidentifyadecorativeflowershealthconditionBymakingitgreener.Bymonitoringitsglow.C.BytestingthechemicalsinitD.Byputtingitinthelivingroom.
29.WhatcanweexpectoftheadaptedglowingplantsA.TheywillappearonthemarketB.Theymaytaketheplaceoflamps.C.Theycanlightupawholelivingroom.D.Theyglowlessbrightthanpreviousefforts.3O.WhatdidtheteamdowiththemushroominthenewstudyA.Theyinsertedcaffeicacidintoit.B.Theymadeitgiveoutbrighterlight.C.Theygrewitonthetobaccoplantfarm.D.Theyputitsenzymesintothetobaccoplants.
31.WhatisthelastparagraphmainlyaboutWarningofpotentialdamagefromglowingplants.Warningofthelightproductionsharmtoplants.C.Effectsofcontinuouslightproductionontheglowingplants.
0.Benefitsofcombiningspecificenzymeswithcaffeicacidinplants.BADD。