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学校班级姓名语法专项动词的语态语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态主动语态中主语是动作的执行者,被动语态中主语是动作的承受者分析河北近6年中考真题可知,河北近6年中考在单项选择中考查动词的语态,每年均考查1道,且语态常常结合时态来考查本次将重点讲解被动语态不同时态的被动语态及构成;主动语态变被动语态的方法;被动语态的用法;被动语态的特殊情况;主动表被动.常见不同时态的被动语态及其构成被动语态由“系动词be+动词过去分词”构成它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化,主要通过系动词be的变化来体现注动词过去分词的变换规则的规则变化同动词过去式的变换规则一样,一般以ed结尾;不规则变化可以参考课本最后一页不规则动词表动词的过去式过去分词规则变化如下一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed如workedplayedwantedacted2以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d如livedmoved3以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed如studied4以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再力口-ed如stoppedbeggedfretteddraggeddroppedplanned动词过去式过去分词不规则变化AB型can—couldshall——shouldwill-wouldmay-mightAAA型cost-cost-costcut-cut-cuthit-hit-hitAAB型beat---beat-beatenABA型ABB型现了be+done的形式,那么就可以认为是被动语态.使用被动语态的情况即主语本身不能自己完成的动作或者事情1不知道动作的执行者是谁
2019.32o如:Thetelephonewasinventedin
1876.电话是在1876年被发明的2没有必要指出动作的执行者如Rubbishshouldbesortedandrecycled.垃圾应该分类回收3需要强调和突出动作的承受者5年3考如Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人讲汉语4句子的主语是物
2018.34o如Manyhouseswereruinedintheearthquake.许多房屋在地震中被摧毁.主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况1主动语态中有些感官动词如hearseenotice等和使役动迫如makelet等后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态时,要把不定式符号to还原即hearseesb.dosth.一sb.beheardseentodosth.;makesb.dosth.一sb.bemadetodosth.2带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态,若将间接宾语转化为主语时,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语变为主语时,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for如Hegavemeabook一>Iwasgivenabookbyhim.间接宾语改主语Abookwasgiventomebyhim.直宾改主语3动词短语变为被动语态时,动词短语是一个整体,不可以把介词或者副词丢掉如Weshouldtakegoodcareofthechildren.Thechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareofbyus.4带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只变宾语,宾语补足语保留在原处如Isawsomeboysplayingfootballintheplayground.Someboyswereseenplayingfootballintheplayground..主动结构表被动意义的情况即无被动语态openlockwritereadsellcleanwatchcutbumdrive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表被动意义如Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅looksoundtastesmellprove等系动词没有被动结构,故用主动结构表被动意义如Myadviceprovedtobewrong.我的建议被证明是错的want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+tobedone,tobedone为不定式的被动结构如Yourbedroomneedscleaningrightnow.=Yourbedroomneedstobecleanedrightnow.你的房间需要立马被清理4表示“发生”的happen和takeplace无被动语态如Thestoryhappenedonacoldnight.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚5beworthdoing用主动形式表被动意义如Themovieisreallyworthwatching.这部电影真的值得一看【解题技巧】被动语态解题技巧需要注意两点
①判断动作的执行者或承受者一般情况下,选项中有be+done的结构就是考查被动语态
②判断好时态考查时态和语态结合为河北省常考方式,故在做题过程中一定要兼顾好时态和语态两个方面对此,首先,观察语境确定题目所用的时态;其次,分析选项若选项中出现两个被动语态的选项be+done则基本可判定本题就是考查被动语态,由此可排除两个主动语态的选项;最后,同时考生应熟记几种常考的被动语态的构成,再结合句意及给出的时间状语或已经发生动作的时态,选取对应的时态【真题展示】(2019河北32题)Thesecakeswithchocolate.Haveoneplease.A.fillB.filledC.arefilledD.werefilled(2018河北34题)Lookatthepicture.ThetopfiveTVplaysinit.A.listB.arelistedC.willlistD.willbelisted(2017河北35题)HangzhouastheCityofSilk.Touristslikeshoppingforsilkthere.A.knowsB.isknownC.wasknownD.willbeknown(2016河北38题)Emilyisgladthatsheforherhonestyatthatmeeting.A.praisesB.praisedC.ispraisedD.waspraised(2015河北38题)Everybodydeeplyaftertheyheardthestory.A.movesB.movedC.ismovedD.wasmoved(2014河北43题)Thepetdogiswarmandloving.Itasadaughterofmyfamily.A.treatsB.treatedC.istreatedD.wastreated【增补训练】Everydaytoomuchwaterinourschool.Weshouldsaveit.A.iswastedB.wastesC.waswastedD.wastedThesongbyafamoussingerseveralyearsagoanditisstillverypopularamongteenagers.A.waswrittenB.wroteC.iswrittenD.writesTherearefourseasonsinayearanditintotwelvedifferentstarsigns.A.isdividedB.dividesC.wasdividedD.dividedcantgotoplaysoccer.Filneedonemorehourbeforemyhomework.C.finishedD.willbefinishedThemobilephonehasinfluencedpeopleslifealotsinceit.A.invitesB.inventedC.isinventD.wasinventedInChinaluckymoneytoababyforgoodluckonitsfirstmonthoflife.A.givesB.isgivenC.giveD.hasgivenTomygreatsurprisethefamousathletesstorydifferentlyinthenewspapersA.wasreportedB.reportedC.willbereportedD.willreportThankstotheInternetdifferentkindsofinformationinashorttime.A.canbelearnedB.hasbeenlearnedC.canlearnD.haslearnedYouhaven!tfinishedyourreportyet.Ittotheteachertomorrow.A.canbehandedinB.musthandinC.mustbehandedinD.canhandinSeveralvolunteerstotheschoolsinTibet.TheywillteachstudentsEnglishandmath.A.SentB.willsentC.weresentD.willbesentItsdifficulttogettotheothersideoftheriver.AbridgeovertheRiver.A.shouldbebuiltB.shouldntbebuiltC.shouldbuildD.shouldntbuildwillgotothepartywithyouifI.A.invitesB.willbeinvitedC.aminvitingD.aminvitedthatmysonshouldstudyharderwhenIphonedhisheadteacher.A.toldB.wastoldC.havetoldD.amtoldWeoftenhearthegirlsinginherroomintheevening.(改为被动语态).Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.(改为被动语态).动词的语态参考答案【真题展示】1—6CBBDDC【增补训练】1-5AAABD6-10BAACD11-13ADBThegirlisoftenheardtosinginherroomintheevening.Thestrangerwasseentowalkintoabuilding.时态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneThiskindofbagismadeinChina.这种包是在中国制造的一般过去时was/were+doneHefounditinterestingthatsomanyproductsinthelocalshopsweremadeinChina.他发现当地商店里那么多产品都是中国制造的,这很有趣一般将来时will/shall+bed-doneTheprojectwillbefinishedinamonth.这个项目将在一个月内完成含情态动词情态动词+be+doneTeenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.青少年们应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服现在完成时have/hasbeendoneThehomeworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.吉姆已经写完家庭作业了。