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主谓一致主谓一致指:句子的主语与谓语动词在人称和数方面的一致关系,该关系大致遵循三个原则即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致
一、语法一致原则指主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致L主语为单数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数名词时,谓语动词也用复数形式如Thefoodtheyservedonthetablewasdelicious..由连接词and或both..and..连接起来的合成主语后面要用复数形式的谓语动词如BothTommyandJackiearefootballfans.注意:如果and所连接的两个词在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式如Thewriterandscientist(这个作家兼科学家)washighlypraisedforhisachievements.Thewriterandthescientist(作家和科学家)werehighlypraisedforhisachievements..动名词短语、动词不定式短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式如Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes..当主语后面总艮有aswellaswithalongwithtogetherwithincludingratherthanbutexcept、inadditionto等引导的短语时,谓语动词与主语的单复数一致如MrGreentogetherwithhiswifeandchildrenhasbeeninvitedtoattendtheparty.
二、意义一致原则:指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语的单复数意义.表示度量时间、金额、路程等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式;但是在强调其复数意义时,谓语动词也可用复数形式如Fortythousanddollarswasalargesumofmoneyformeatthattime.Fourweeksareoftenapproximatelyregardedasonemonth..当主语是由allof、mostofsomeofhalfofapartoftherestof等接名词或代词时或由“分数/百分数+名词或代词”构成的短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词或代词的单复数形式如Mostofthestudentsshowgreatinterestinclassicalliterature.Eightypercentoftheworkhasbeenfinished..集体名词army、audience、club、familycrowdclass等作主语时,如果将其视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式:如果强调其每个个体成员,谓语动词则用复数形式如Thetargetaudienceforthisadvertisementismainlyteenagers.Theclassarealllisteningtotheteacherattentively..police、people^cattle等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式如Thepolicearesearchingthewoodsforthemissingchildren.Atleast40peoplewerekilledintheexplosion.注意:people意为“民族”时是可数名词有单数和复数形式如OverthousandsofyearspeoplesfromCentralAsiacametosettlehere..表示国家、机构事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数如TheUnitedNationsplaysanimportantroleintheinternationalaffairs.OneThousandandOneNights(一千零一夜)tellspeoplelotsofmysteriousstories.注意:群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词,如NiagaraFalls(尼亚加拉瀑布)等作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式.主语由.kind(s)sort(s)type⑸of+名词”构成谓语动词单复数形式与kind、sorttype的形式保持数的一致如Varioustypesoffruitareavailableintheshop.Akindofroseinthegardensmellsverypleasant..成双成套的复数名词如glasses、scissors、shoes、trousers、pants、gloves、stockings等作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数;但如果复数名词前面有a/thepairof、a/thesuitof等词语修饰时,谓语动词则用单数如Thetrousersareslightlytooshortforhim.Thispairofshoesmymumboughtformeasagiftiswormout..newsphysics(物理)、mathematics(数学)、politics(政治)等名词形式为复数而意义上却是单数,它们作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式如ThelatestnewsisthathewontheAcademyAward.
三、就近一致原则指谓语动词与靠近的主语保持人称和数的一致的原则(就近原则).ether...or;neither..nor;notonly...butalso...;not…but.…等连接的并列名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近谓语动词的名词,即“就近原则”如NotonlyTombutalsoallhisfamilyarekeenonfootball.Eithertheguidesortheteamleaderislookingafterthestudents..在Therebe结构中,谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致如Thereisabookandseveralpensonthedesk.Thereareseveralbooksandapenonthedesk.
四、其他情况.eacheveryno所修饰的名词即使以and连接多个主语谓语动词仍用单数形式如EveryboyandeverygirlwishestoattendtheChristmasparty..morethanone或manya(许多的)修饰名词,意义上是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式如Morethanoneboylikesplayingbasketballwhilemanyagirlisgoodatplayingvolleyball.注意:more+复数名词+thanone之后的谓语动词用复数形式如Morestudentsthanonehaveseenthisfilm..主语由the+形色词或者分词组成时,表示一类人,谓语动词通常用复数形式如:Theinjured(受伤的人)arebeingtreatedinthehospital..在定语从句中,关系代词thatwhowhich在定语从句中充当主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式与修饰的先行词的单复数形式保持一致Heistheonlyoneoftheapplicantswhohaspassedtheinterview.。