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SAETECHNICALPAPERSERIES2002-01-2522RevisedSolidWasteModelforMarsReferenceMissionsWen-ChingLeeLockheedMartinSpaceOperationsMichaelK.EwertNASAJohnsonSpaceCenterReprintedFrom:Proceedingsofthe32ndInternationalConferenceonEnvironmentalSystemsCD-ROMICES2002CD32ndInternationalConferenceonEnvironmentalSystemsSanAntonioTexasJuly15-182002400CommonwealthDriveWarrendalePA15096-0001U.S.A.Tel:724776-4841Fax:724776-5760Web:www.sae.orgREFERENCESTable15SolidWasteModel-Unitsarekg/daybasedon6personcrewforScenario4Table16SolidWasteModel-Unitsarekg/daybasedon6personcrewforScenario5VerostkoC.JoshiJ.AlazrakiM.March12001“SolidWasteProcessingandResourceRecoveryWorkshopReportCTSD-ADV-474/475VolumesIandIINassauBayHiltonHoustonTexas.LeeW.2000“AdvancedLifeSupportSystemsModelingandAnalysisProjectSolidWasteHandlingTradeStudy-InterimReport/1LMSEAT33488LockheedMartinSpaceOperationsHoustonTexas.StaffordK.W.JerngL.T.DrysdaleA.E.MaxwellS.LevriJ.A.2001“AdvancedLifeSupportSystemsIntegrationModelingandAnalysisReferenceMissionsDocument“editedbyEwertM.K.andHanfordA.J.JSC-39502RevisionANationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationLyndonB.JohnsonSpaceCenterHoustonTexas.DrysdaleA.E.HanfordA.J.Oct.312000AdvancedLifeSupportSystemsModelingandAnalysisProjectBaselineValuesandAssumptionsDocumenfJSC39317RevisionADraftNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationLyndonB.JohnsonSpaceCenterHoustonTexas.LevriJ.A.2000AmesResearchCenter.PersonalCommunication.HughesD.2000UnitedSpaceAllianceHoustonTexas.PersonalCommunication.LeeW.LockheedMartinSpaceOperations.Measureddataforpapertowelsfacialtissuesandprinterpapers.January
2001.CONTACTQuestionsconcerningthismodelmaybedirectedtoWen-ChingLeewen-chinq.lee@lmco.com.DEFINITIONSACRONYMSABBREVIATIONSALSAdvancedLifeSupportBVADBaselineValuesandAssumptionsDocumentECLSSEnvironmentalControlandLifeSupportEMUExtravehicularMobilityUnitMAGMaximumAbsorptionGarmentSIMASystemsIntegrationModelingandAnalysisSWPRRWasteProcessingandResourceRecoverUSDAUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureQuantityreprintratescanbeobtainedfromtheCustomerSalesandSatisfactionDepartment.TorequestpermissiontoreprintatechnicalpaperorpermissiontousecopyrightedSAEpublicationsinotherworkscontacttheSAEPublicationsGroup.GLOBALMOBILITYDATABASEAllSAEpapersstandardsandselectedbooksareabstractedandindexedintheGlobalMobilityDatabaseISSN0148-7191PositionsandopinionsadvancedinthispaperarethoseoftheauthorsandnotnecessarilythoseofSAE.Theauthorissolelyresponsibleforthecontentofthepaper.AprocessisavailablebywhichdiscussionswillbeprintedwiththepaperifitispublishedinSAETransactions.ForpermissiontopublishthispaperinfullorinpartcontacttheSAEPublicationsGroup.PersonswishingtosubmitpaperstobeconsideredforpresentationorpublicationthroughSAEshouldsendthemanuscriptora300wordabstractofaproposedmanuscriptto:SecretaryEngineeringMeetingsBoardSAE.PrintedinUSA2002-01-2522RevisedSolidWasteModelforMarsReferenceMissionsWen-ChingLeeLockheedMartinSpaceOperationsMichaelK.EwertNASAJohnsonSpaceCenterABSTRACTAkeycomponentofanAdvancedLifeSupportALSsystemisthesolidwastehandlingsystem.Oneofthemostimportantdatasetsfordeterminingwhatsolidwastehandlingtechnologiesareneededisasolidwastemodel.Apreliminarysolidwastemodelbasedonasix-personcrewwasdevelopedpriortothe2000SolidWasteProcessingandResourceRecoverySWPRRworkshop.AftertheworkshopcommentsfromtheALScommunityhelpedrefinethemodel.Refinementsincludedbetterestimatesofbothinedibleplantbiomassandpackagingmaterials.EstimatesforExtravehicularMobilityUnitEMUwastewaterprocessorbrinesolutionaswellasthewatercontentsforvarioussolidwasteswereincludedinthemodelrefinementefforts.Thewasteswerere-categorizedandthedrywasteswereseparatedfromwetwastes.Thispaperdetailstherevisedmodelasoftheendof
2001.ThepackagingmaterialsaswellasthebiomasswastesvarysignificantlybetweendifferentproposedMarsmissions.WastegenerationratesdependhighlyonthetypesofALStechnologiesused.Humansolidwastesmayalsochangebetweenmissionsduetodietdifferencesandlevelsoffoodclosure.Thismodelclearlydemonstratesthatthetotalwastegenerationrateismissiondependent.INTRODUCTIONHumanexplorationmissionstoMarsmaybecomerealityinthenextseveraldecades.DuringthelongdurationmissionstoMarsALStechnologiesmustbeemployedinperforminglifesupportfunctionsincludingspacecraftairrevitalizationwaterrecoveryandsolidwastehandling.OneofthekeycomponentsofanALSsystemisthesolidwastehandlingsystem.Themostimportantdatasetfordeterminingthetechnologiesusedforsolidwastehandlingisthesolidwastemodel.ApreliminarysolidwastemodelwasdevelopedpriortotheSWPRRworkshopandwasreleasedinApril
2000.Themodelwasdevelopedwithlimitedsourcesandincludedlotsofassumptions.Aspartoftheeffortofperformingtechnologyselectiontradestudiesin2001theabovemodelwasrefinedandrevised.Themaingoalofthemodelmodificationwastobetterestimatetheinedibleplantbiomassandpackagingmaterialrates.Thewatercontentinwastesfortrashpackagingmaterialandpaperwereestimated.Wasteratesforspacewalkwasteandbrinesolutionfromthewaterprocessorwerealsoincluded.Thispaperdocumentsthedatausedandprocedureemployedinrevisingthesolidwastemodel.Theresultswerederivedfromthebestavailabledataatthetimethisworkwasperformed.Furtherimprovementswillbemadeasmorereliabledatabecomeavailable.MODELDEVELOPMENTThesolidwastemodelisusedtocharacterizethewastesanddesignfeedsforalltechnologiestobeevaluatedwithintradestudies.TheoriginalversionofthesolidwastemodelfortheSWPRRworkshop1isdocumentedinTable
1.Table1SolidWasteModelfromSWPRRWorkshop-Unitsarekg/daybasedon6personcrewTheinedibleplantbiomassandthepackagingmaterialratesofTable1werecritiquedandchallengedbytheALSSystemsIntegrationModelingandAnalysisSIMAcommunity.CommentsfromtheSIMAcommunityincluded:1inedibleplantbiomasswasassumedonadrybasisandthisassumptiondoesnotreflecttherealwastes;2moisturecontentshouldbeincludedintheinediblebiomass;3wastegenerationrateforpackagingmaterialsgenerallyseemedhighandrequiredverification;4foodpackagingmaterialsshouldbederivedfromthepackagedfoodrequirement;5drywastesandwetwastesarenotclearlydistinguishedinthetable.InadditionTheExtravehicularMobilityUnitEMUwastefromspacewalksandthebrinesolutionfromthewaterprocessorshouldbeincludedaspartofthesolidwastepertheSIMAReferenceMissionDocument
3.Themodelhasbeenmodifiedforthefollowingscenarios/missions1:Scenario0:Bio-Plex120DayTestLettuceandPotatoGrownScenario1:TransitMissionMostlyPackagedFoodScenario2:IndependentExplorationSaladCropsGrownScenario3:ExplorationMissionLowCarbohydrateDietScenario4:ExtendedBaseAllPlantCropsMenuSomeGrownFoodScenario5:ExtendedBaseAllPlantCropsMenuMostlyGrownFoodScenario0isaddedtothelisttoprovidedatafortheproposedBio-Plex120daytestwhichisnowscheduledfor
2008.ThefirstBio-Plextesthasbeenscaledforacrewsizeoffourwithadurationof120days.Table2MassesforDietUsingAdvancedLifeSupportCropsandResuppliedFoodsAverageProductionBasedonConsumptionWetMass[kg/person/day]DietUsingOnlyDietUsingSaladandDietUsingAllALS
1.FromHall.VodovolzandPeterson
2000.Reference
4.BVADTable
4.
3.
5.Thisdietassumesa10-daycycle.
2.FromHallandPeterson1999Reference
4.BVADTable
4.
3.
5.Thisdietassumesa20-daycycle.
3.FromRuminskyandHentges200Reference4BVADTable
4.
3.
5.Thisdietassumesa10-daycycle.
4.Waterforhydrationcookingandfoodpreparationonly.InOctober2000massesfordietsusingAdvancedLifeSupportALSCropsandResuppliedFoodswerereceivedfromtheJSCFoodGroup
4.ThreedifferentdietsarelistedaboveinTable
2.ResearcheffortsweremadeinacquiringthecropinformationfromtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureUSDA.ThecropdatahasbeensummarizedinTable
3.Thedietdataandthecropdataareusedasthebasisinestimatingthemassofinedibleplantbiomass.Thewastemodelwasupdatedusingtheseimprovedestimates.Othersolidwastegenerationratesincludingdryhumanwastetrashpapertapesfiltersandmiscellaneouswerenotupdated.Table3SummaryofCropDatafromUSDATheproceduresemployedintheestimatesforthesescenariosaredocumentedbelow:Pack叫inMaterials:ThepackagingmaterialsdefinedinthismodelaremainlyfromthefoodsystemperdatafromtheSWPRRworkshopdocument
1.Itdidnotincludedpackagingmaterialsfromothersystems.TheenergycontentofeachdiethasbeencalculatedusingmassdatafromTable2andthecropcompositiondatafromTable
3.Theenergycontentforaunitmassofproteincarbohydrateandfatusedinthecalculationis1674716747and37680kJ/kg
4.
04.
09.0kcal/grespectively.Table4SummaryofEstimatedPackagedFoodRequirementforScenario0Bio-Plex120daysTestLettuceandPotatoGrowTotalCropEnergyKJ/Person/DayTotalEnergyIncludingResupplyKJ/Person/DayResupplyEnergyKJ/KgPackagedFoodRequirementKg/Person/DayAdjustedResupplytoMatch
11.82MJ/DayEnergyValueKg/Person/DayFoodfromCropsKg/Person/Day
465.6Fromthiscalculation9500EstimatedfromBVADTable
4.
3.68400Estimatedfromcalculatedresupplyenergycontent
1.
0761.
3520.269Table5SummaryofEstimatedPackagedFoodRequirementforScenario2IndependentExplorationALSSaladCropsTable6SummaryofEstimatedPackagedFoodRequirementforscenario3ExplorationMissionSaladCarbohydrateCropsRateProteinFaCarbohydrateProteinFatCarbohydrateTotalkg/person-n/...dmass%kcal/pcrson-dCabbageCarrotCeleryDryBeanGreenOnionLettuceMushroomPeaPepperRadishS.PotatoSnapBeanSpinach
0.
04.
44.
03435.o.O-.65L
060.6854o
226.oo.
030.
2.
0030.04o75S802230234o.ss940153S.53o.654I
3633862.8*OK
10.97L
3249742.
4.I14S
3.24320846435928X
5201842043.
500.0016书
4.
73854.
267.
970.00书
74.
5.60Fromtheenergycontentofeachdietthepackagedfoodrequirementstoachievethe
11.82MJ/person/daycaloricrequirements4canbecalculated.TheresultsaresummarizedinTables4to7forscenarios023and4respectively.Thepackagedfoodrequirementsforscenarios1and5cannotbecalculatedduetolackofdietdataforthemissionsandthereforeareestimated.Scenario1thetransitmissionisthemissioninwhichthecrewdependsmostlyonpackagedfoodandusesminimumfreshfoodfromsaladcrops.Thegrownfoodforthisscenarioisassumedas50%ofscenario2independentexplorationmissionwithsaladmachineinthismodel.Thefreshweightofpackagedfoodwasestimatedtobe
1.5kg/person/dayusingthere-supplyfoodenergyof7820kJ/kgasestimatedinTable5forscenario2inordertomaintainthe
11.82MJ/person/daycaloricrequirement.Thepackagingmaterialsrateforscenario1hasbeenkeptas
7.908kgfor6person/day
1.318kg/person/dayperTable1fromtheSWPRRworkshopreport.Scenario1hasthehighestpackagingmaterialratebecauseithasthemaximumpackagedfoodusagerateamongstallscenarios.Forscenario5thepackagedfoodrequirementhasbeenreducedto
0.166kg/person/dayduetotheincreaseofgrownfoodrequirements.Seemoreexplanationintheplantbiomasswastesection.Thepackagingmaterialrateforothermissionscenarioscanbeobtainedbyscalingdownfromthatrateofscenario
1.Therateiscalculatedbytakingtheratioofpackagingmaterialratetopackagedfoodrequirementforscenario1thenmultiplyingthisratiobytheestimatedpackagedfoodrequirementforeachscenario.SummaryofEstimatedPackagedFoodRequirementforscenario4ExtendedBaseALLALSCropsInedibleBiomassEstimates-Scenario2IndependentExplorationMission/SaladCropsRateProteinFatCarbohydrateProteinFatCarbohydrateTotalCabbageCarrotCeleryDryBeanGreenOnionLettuceMushroomPeaPeanutPepperRadishRiceS.PotatoSnapBeanSoybeanSpinachTomatoW.PotatoWheatTotals/person-d
00.
0400.
0210.
0230.
008000.
02900.
0150.
0210.
0770.
000.
2340.
050.
2850.
1050.
0961.000mass%kcal/pcrson-d
1.
441.
030.
7520.
881.
161.
292.
905.
4225.
800.
890.
607.
941.
651.
8236.
492.
860.
852.
0712.6027943nn11•«•OOI6o.
0.
22.
330.
4049.
240.
190.
542.
920.
300.
1219.
940350.
330.
101.
545.
4310.
143.
6563.
418.
632.
324.
0814.
4616.
146.
433.
5977.
2424.
287.
1430.
163.
504.
6417.
9871.
18.
01.
650.
0017.87L
050.
39.X
0.
0029.
720.
000.
366.
805.
070.
00341.
555.
309.
708.
6748.
540.
337.
800.
15.X
0.
00127.
630.
000.
735.
622.
070.
0419.
91.
468.
480.
9413.35O.7OO.OOO.OOI
8.59罂
66.
1274.
590.
00282.
36.
4852.
9775.
30274.19kJ/person-d.X
0.
0018.
6077.
830.
000.
0074.
333119.
1838.
391.
235.
15.X
0.
00.
000.
00736.
20.
0013.
57328.
63420.
00295413.
2455.
3871.
15297.
784.
91355.
3336.11406TotalCropEnergyKJ/Person/DayTotalEnergyIncludingResupplyKJ/Person/DayPackagedFoodRequirementKg/Person/DayResupplyEnergyKJ/KgAdjustResupplytoMatch
11.82MJ/DayEnergyValueKg/Person/DayFoodfromCropsKg/Person/DayFromthis6921calculationFromBVAD7740Table
4.
3.
60.094FromTable
286790.
5651.0XBasedon10-daycycledietusingALSSaladCropsTable2PlantBiomassWaste:TheinedibleplantgenerationbiomassrateforeachdiethasbeenestimatedwiththemassdatafromTable2theharvestindexdataandthewaterfractiondataforbothedibleandinedibleplantbiomassesfromTable
3.Forcropswherethewatercontentofinediblebiomassisunavailableawaterfractionof
0.9isassumed.Theresultsoftheestimatesforscenarios23and4aresummarizedinTables8to10respectively.Theediblebiomassprocessingwastetoaccountforlossesduetoprocessingisestimatedas10%5%5%20%30%and30%ofthefoodgrownforscenario01234and5respectively.The5%processingwasteisselectedforscenarios1and2inwhichthesaladcropsdietisused.Therelativelyhighprocessingwasteisassumedforscenarios4and5duetothepresenceofhighpercentageofsoybean23%inthe“allALScropsndiet.Theprocessingwasteforthesoybeanissignificanttoproduceproductssuchastofuandsoymilk.A10%tablefoodwastefromediblebiomassisassumedforallscenarios.Theplantbiomasswasteisthetotalofinedibleplantbiomassplustheediblefoodwaste.TheediblefoodInedibleBiomass=EdibleBiomass*1-EdibleBiomassWaterFractional-InedibleBiomassWaterFraction*l-IlarvestIndex/HarvestIndex.TheinediblebiomassiscalculatedbasedontheaveragecropconsumptionrequirementperTable
2.ThecalculatedvaluedocsnotincludeinediblebiomassratedueiocroprequircmcniforfoodProcessingandtablefoodwastes.Theresuppliedfoodrequirementistakenfromthescaled-upvaluecalculatedinTable5forthisscenario.wasteincludesthefoodprocessingwasteandthetablefoodwaste.Thecalculationprocedureisexplainedspecificallyforscenario
5.Bothscenarios4and5usethesamecropmenuAllPlantCropMenuandmorecropsaregrowninscenario
5.Thegrownfoodwasselectedtobe150%ofscenario4sothatthegrownfoodwasgreaterthan90percentofthetotalfoodrequirementinscenario
5.Thepackagedfoodrequirementhasbeenreducedto
0.166kg/person/dayduetotheincreaseofgrownfoodtherebymaintainingthesamecaloricrequirements.Oncethegrownfoodandpackagedfoodrequirementsaredeterminedthepackagingmaterialandplantbiomasswasteratescanbeestimatedusingthesameprocedureasdescribedabove.WaterContentinSolidWastes:ThewatercontentforpackagingmaterialhasbeenestimatedusingdatafromShuttleTrainingMenuaspartofthefoodsystemtradestudy
5.Theestimatedwatercontentinpackagingmaterialisapproximately
20.5%.Table9InedibleBiomassEstimates-Scenario3ExplorationMission/LowCarbohydrateDietTable10InedibleBiomassEstimates-Scenario4ExtendedBaseMission/AIIPlantsCropsMenuSomemeasurements7ofwatercontentsforpapertowelsandfacialtissuesweremadeinJanuary
2001.Thewaterabsorptioncapacitiesforpapertowelsandfacialtissuesare88%and86%byweightrespectively.Thewatercontentsforsqueezedpapertowelsandfacialtissuesare77%and79%byweight.70%moisturecontentwasassumedfortowel/facialtissuesforthisstudy.Themeasurementofwatercontentforregularprinterpaperwasalsoobtained.Thewatercontentforsingle-sidedanddouble-sidedwettedpaperis31%and55%respectively.40%watercontentforwetpaperwasassumed.Watercontentinwettrashhasbeenestimatedas42%.Thewettrashismainlypaperwithsomeclothes/towelsandpads/Tampons.OtherSolidWastes:TheExtravehicularActivityEVAwastewasestimatedas
0.173kg/crew/EVAforEMUMaximumAbsorptionGarmentMAG6and
0.55kg/crew/EVAofurine.Thiswasteisonlyapplicableforscenarios234and
5.Adailyrateof
0.346kg/dayforMAGsand
1.1kg/dayforurineisassumedsinceeachEVAactivityrequirestwocrewmembers.AwaterbalancewasperformedfortheMarsmissions.Itwasassumedthat97%ofthetotal
27.58kg/person/daywatercanberecoveredbythewaterprocessor.Theremaining3%ofwaterincludingsolidsfromurinehandwashshowersweatandadditionalsourcestotalsolids
0.098kg/person/daywascollectedwithinthebrinesolutionfromthewaterprocessorandforwardedtothesolidwastesystem.Anoveralltotalof
11.84%ofsolidsisestimatedandusedtodeterminebrinesolutionrates.A
0.023kg/person/daytoiletpaperusageratehasbeenmovedfromthetrashtohumanwastecategory.Itiscombinedwiththe
0.03kg/person/daydryfecesratetoproduceatotaldrywasteof
0.053kg/person/dayforfecesandtoiletpapercategory.Therateforthisnewcategoryfor6crewmembersis
0.318kg/dayasreportedinthemodelsummary.RESULTSTheresultsofthemodifiedsolidwastemodelaresummarizedinTables11to
16.Atableforeachscenariohasbeenprepared.Theimprovementofthesetableswastorearrangethesolidwastesintofourmaincategories:wethumanwastewetplantbiomasswettrashanddrytrash.Forwetsolidwastesthewatercontentanddrywastemassesarelistedinseparatecolumnsandthewetwastecolumnisthesummationofdrywasteandwatercontentcolumns.Inadditionthewaterpercentageforeachwastecomponenthasbeenincludedinthesummary.Theresultofcalculatedmasspercentageforgrownfoodisalsoincluded.CONCLUSIONSIthasbeennoticedthattheplantbiomasswastesforscenarios1and2havebeengreatlyreducedfromthecorrespondingSWPRRworkshopvaluesduetothelowrateofALSsaladcropsinthosediets.Theplantbiomasswastesforscenario34and5aremuchhigherduetotheinclusionofmoisturecontentandedibleplantbiomass.ThenameInedibleplantbiomassusedinTable1hasbeenreplacedbyplantbiomasswaste5inTables11to16toreflectthefactthatthisitemincludestheinedibleplantbiomassandtheediblefoodwastefromfoodprocessingandtablefoodwaste.Thenewnameproperlydescribesthenatureofthewaste.ThegenerationrateofpackagingmaterialforthetransitmissionhasbeenkeptthesameastheSWPRRworkshopmodel.Thepackagingmaterialratesforothermissionshavebeenestimatedfromthepackagedfoodrequirements.Thepackagedfoodrequirementdecreasesastheamountoffoodgrownincreases.Thepackagingmaterialratewasassumedtobeproportionaltothepackagedfoodrequirement.Theestimatedamountofpackagingmaterialwas
7.85kg/dayforamissionwithsaladcropsgrownandwassharplyreducedto
3.86kg/dayforamissionwithlowcarbohydratedietandwasfurtherreducedto
2.98kg/dayand
0.88kg/dayformissionswithallALScropsdietsasinscenarios
45.Theestimatedpackagingmaterialratesare
1.66to
2.15timesgreaterthantheirSWPRRworkshopvalues.Theratesofdryhumanwastetrashpapertapesfiltersandmiscellaneousremainunchanged.ThewaterpercentageforthewetwastecomponenthasbeenestimatedandwasincludedinTables11to
16.Thesewastecomponentwaterpercentagesarekeptidenticalbetweenmissions.Howeverthetotalmoisturecontentforeachmissionvariesduetothevariationsofwetplantbiomassandpackagingmaterial.Thetotalwatercontentwasapproximately50%forscenarios01and2andincreasesto75%forscenario3andto80%and85%forscenarios4and
5.Asimilartrendcanbefoundforthetotalwetwasterate.Itbeginswithapproximately
16.0kg/dayforscenarios01and2increasesto
28.6kg/dayforscenario3andreaches
36.2kg/dayand
46.2kg/dayforscenarios4and
5.Theincreasesoftotalwetwasteandtotalwatercontentaremainlyduetoahighgrownfoodrequirementandthereforeahighwetplantbiomassproductionforlongermissions.TheauthorswanttomentionthatthewasteratesarehighlydependentonbothmissionsandthetypesofALStechnologiesanddevicesusedforthosemissions.Besideshumansolidwastesmaychangebetweenmissions.Themissionsassumedifferentdietsandlevelsoffoodclosureandhencemayhavedifferentamountsofplantfiberandthereforemayproducedifferentratesoffeces.Thisissuewasnotaddressedduetolackofdata.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSTheauthorswishtothankJSC/EC2forthefundingsupportandtheencouragementofpublishingthepaper.ThanksarealsoduetoJohnKeenerKevinLangeandAnthonyHanfordofLockheedMartinfortheirvaluableadvicesregardingtechnicalcontentsandintegrityofthispaper.Table12SolidWasteModel-Unitsarekg/daybasedon6personcrewforScenario1Table14SolidWasteModel-Unitsarekg/daybasedon6personcrewforScenario3Scenario4ExtendedBaseMissionAllPlantMenu-ScenarioNameSomeGrownFoodDryWaterWetWaterWasteContentWastePercentageWasteComponentWetHumanWasteBrineforShower/Handwash/Swcat
0.
1801.
3441.
52488.19BrineforUrine.
3602.
6883.
04888.19EMUWaste
0.
3461.
1001.
44676.07FecesToiletPaper.
3180.
5400.
85862.94WetPlantBiomass
2.
41521.
73524.
15090.00WcTrashPackagingMaterial
2.
3670.
6092.
97620.48TrashPaper/CIothes
0.
2440.
1730.
41841.50Wipes/Tissues
0.
349.
8151.
16470.00DryTrashFilters
0.326Miscellaneous
0.069Tape
0.246Total
7.
22029.
00536.
22680.07Grownfood
6.000Packagedfood
3.387%foodGrown
63.918MissionDuration10yearsScenarioScenarioName5ExtendedBaseMission.AllPlantsMenu-MostlyGrownFoodDryWaterWetWaterWasteContentWastePercentageWasteComponentWetHumanWasteBrineforShower/Handwash/Sweat
0.
1801.
3441.
52488.19BrineforUrine
0.
3602.
6883.
04888.19EMUWaste
0.
3461.
1001.
44676.07FecesToiletPaper
0.
3180.
5400.
85862.94WetPlantBiomass
3.
62332.
60336.2259O.XWetTrashPackagingMaterial
0.
698.
18.
87820.48TrashPaper/Clothes
0.
244.
1730.
41841.50Wipes/Tissues
0.
349.
8151.1647O.XDryTrashFilters
0.326Miscellaneous
0.069Tape
0.246Total
6.
76039.
44346.
20385.37Grownfood
9.000Packagedfoodl.OX%foodGrown9O.X4MissionDuration10yearsWasteComponentTransitAllPackagedFoodIndependentExplorationSaladCropsGrownExplorationMissionLowCarbohydrateDietExtendedBaseAllPlantsMenuSomeGrownFoodExtendedBaseAHPlantsMenuMostlyGrownFoodDryHumanWaste
0.
7200.
7200.
7200.
7200.720Filters
0.
3260.
3260.
3260.
3260.326InediblePlantBiomass
1.
6912.
2475.
4507.
50313.82Miscellaneous
0.
0690.
0690.
0690.
0690.069PackagingMaterial
7.
9084.
7212.
0171.
4930.408Paper
1.
1641.
1641.
1641.
1641.164Tape
0.
2460.
2460.
2460.
2460.246Trash
0.
5560.
5560.
5560.
5560.556Total
12.
6810.
0510.
5512.
0817.31GrownFood
1.
8605.
58018.
60020.
70039.120PackagedFood
11.
7607.
0203.0X
2.
2200.606MissionDuration18days60days60days1years1yearsGrownFood%01264585PackagedFood%10090745515CropALSSaladCrops1CarbohydrateCrops2Crops3Cabbage
0.
01940.0025n/aCarrotCelery
0.
03650.
040.0401n/a.0075n/aDryBeann/a
0.
0130.0214GreenOnionO.X
450.
0340.0226Lettuce
0.
01560.
021.X75Mushroomn/a
0.0013n/aPean/a
0.0038n/aPeanuln7an/a
0.0288Peppersn/a
0.031n/aRadish
0.009n/a
0.015Ricen/an/a
0.0214SnapBeann/a
0.0n/aSoybeann/an/a
0.234Spinach
0.
00480.
040.0463Strawberryn/an/an/aSweetPotaton/a
0.
180.0768lomato
0.
0460.
210.2854Wheatn/a
0.
220.0963WhilePotaton/a
0.
170.1047CropSubTotal
0.
13580.9841i.XX3Water
11.
15812.
10.6053ResuppliedFoodStuffs
1.
168.
50.0944ResuppliedAmbientFood
0.96n/an/aResuppliedFrozenFood
0.208n/an/aPolal
2.
46193.
58411.7FoodProcessingWasten/an/a
0.094CropHarvestIndexFatEdibleBioMass%InedibleBiomass%WaterFromSWPRRWalerCarbo-hydradeProteinAshTotalCabbage
0.
992.
150.
275.
431.
440.
7110092.15Carrot.
987.
79.
1910.
141.
030.
871087.79Celery.
794.
640.
143.
65.
750.8210DryBean.
3710.
951.
1363.
4120.
883.6310GreenOnion
0.
589.
680.
168.
631.
160.37100Lettuce.
9595.
580.
222.
321.
29.59KM95Mushroom
0.
591.
830.
334.
082.
90.9100Pea
0.
3778.
860.
414.
465.
420.87100Peanut
0.
276.
549.
2416.
1425.
82.33100Peppers
0.
492.
190.
196.
430.
890.3100Radish
94.
840.
543.
590.
60.5410Rice
0.
410.
372.
9277.
247.94L53KXSnapBean
0.
3790.
270.
127.
141.
820.66lXSoybean.
378.
5419.
9430.
1636.
494.87100Spinach
0.
891.
580.
353.
52.
86.72100Strawberry
0.
480.
660.
617.
360.
580.8100SweetPotato
0.
772.
840.
324.
281.
650.
9510087.96Tomato
0.
4893.
76.
334.
64.
850.421092Wheat
0.
4131.
5471.
1812.
61.
5799.9WhitePotato
0.
778.
96.
117.
982.
07.8910GrowthCropDryEdibleFWetidihleHarvest1DryInedibleMoistureWet宜・l..¥....ProteinFatinontentInedible..inWptWetCarbohydrateProteinFatCarbohydrateTotalEnergy/Energy/CropAreakJ!kJVV111RateGrownGrownIndexGrownofGrownInedibleperdayEdibleEdibleinWetEdibleEnergyEnergyEnergyperdayperson-dayperson-daym2kg/m2-dkg/dkg/dkgdrycdiblc/kgKg/dWaterkg/dmass%mass%mass%kCal/dkCal/dkCal/dkCal/dkCal/kJ/drytotalmass%person-dperson-dLettuce
7.
50.
0060.
0440.
870.
950.
0020.
9500.
0461.
30.
22.
344.
7117.
1680.
41142.
2723.
7199.21Potato
7.
50.
020.
1460.
740.
70.
0630.
8500.
4182.
10.
115.
362.
827.
37455.
20525.
3887.
56366.37Totals
150.
1901.
6140.
0650.
464111.
28465.58CropRateWetEdibleGrownEnergyProteinFatCarbohydrateProteinFatCarbohydrateTotalEnergy/person-dkg/person-dCabbage
0.0194mass%kcal/person-d
1.
440.
275.
431.
120.
474.
215.80kJ/person-d
24.28Carrot
0.
03651.
030.
1910.
141.
500.
6214.
8016.
9370.84Green
0.
00451.
20.
28.
60.
210.
061.55i.
837.64Onion
0.
01561.
290.
222.
32.
80.
311.
452.
5610.72LettuceRadish
0.
0090.
60.
543.
590.
220.
441.
291.
958.14Spinach
0.
00482.
90.
43.
50.
550.
150.
671.
375.74Tomato
0.
0460.
85.
334.
641.
561.
378.
5411.
4747.98r
0.136TotalsTotalCropEnergyKJ/Person/Day
175.3FromthiscalculationTotalEnergyIncludingPerBVADTableResupplyKJ/Person/Day
93104.
3.6PackagedFoodRcquircineniKg/Person/Day
1.168FromTable2ResupplyEnergyKJ/Kg
7820.8AdjustedResupplytoMatch
11.82MJ/DayEnergyValueKg/Person/Day
1.4889FoodfromCropsKg/Person/Day
0.
136175.3vvetEdibleGrownEnergyEnergy/perCropson-dkJ/pcrson-d
0.
753.
1318.
5677.
61.
415.
9245.
15188.
913.
8057.
763.
4314.
4.
50.
401.
683.
1613.
229.
6140.
200.
000.
00191.
6801.
53.
6915.
4511.
4447.85Tomato
0.
210.
850.
334.
647.
146.
2438.
952.35219W.Potato
0.
172.
070.
1017.
9814.
081.53122二
138576.8Wheat
0.
2212.
601.
5471.
18110.
930.49626/7683212Totals
0.9845276TotalCropE:ergyKJ/Person/Day5276FromthiscalculationTotalEnergyIncludingResupplyKJ/Pcrson/Day9740PerBVADTable
4.
3.6PackagedFoodRequirementKg/Pcrson/Day.5FromTable2ResupplyEnergyKJ/Kg8928AdjustedResupplytoMatch
11.82MJ/DayEnergyValueKg/Person/Day
0.733FoodfromCropsKg/Person/Day
0.984vvetEdibleGrownEnergyEnergy/••••••-17VICropAverageHarvestEdibleInedibleCropConsumptionIndexBiomassBiomassInedibleBiomass12Waterkg/person-day.WetDryBasisFractionWaterFractionkg/person-dayCabbage
0.
01940.
90.
920.
920.002156Carrot
0.
03650.
90.
880.
880.004056Celery
00.
70.
950.90DryBean
00.
370.
80.90GreenOnion
0.
00450.
50.
90.
90.0045Lettuce
0.
01560.
950.
960.
950.000656,Mushroom
00.
50.
920.90Pea
00.
370.
790.90Peanut
00.
270.
80.90Peppers
00.
40.
920.90Radish
0.
0090.
90.
950.
90.0005Rice
00.
40.
740.90SnapBean
00.
370.
90.90Soybean
00.
370.
6750.90Spinach
0.
00480.
80.
920.
90.00096Strawberry
00.
4.
810.90SweetPotato
0.
70.
730.880Tomato
0.
0460.
480.
940.
920.03738Wheat
00.
40.
740.920WhitePotato
0.
70.
790.90CropSubTotal
0.
13580.05020Water
1.1581Total
1.2939ResuppliedFoodStuffs
31.489Total
2.7829Basedon20-daycycledietusingSaladandCarbohydrateCropsTabic2AverageHarvestEdibleInedibleCropConsumptionIndexBiomassBiomassInedibleBiomass12WaterWalerkg/person-day.WetDryBasisFractionFractionkg/person-dayCabbage
0.
00250.
90.
920.
920.0002778Carrot
0.
040.
90.
88.
880.04444Celery
0.
00750.
70.
950.
90.001607DryBean
0.
0130.
370.
80.
90.04427GreenOnion
0.
0340.
50.
90.
90.034Lettuce
0.
021.
950.
96.
950.X08842Mushroom.X
13.
5.
92.
90.00104Pea
0.
00380.
370.
790.
90.01359Peanut
00.
27.
8.90Peppers
0.
0310.
40.
920.
90.0372Radish
00.
90.
950.90Rice
00.
40.
740.90SnapBean
0.
010.
370.
90.
90.01703Soybean
00.
370.
6750.90Spinach
0.
4.
80.
92.
9.008Strawberry
00.
40.
810.90SweetPotato
0.
180.
70.
730.
880.1736Tomato
0.
210.
480.
940.
920.1706Wheat
0.
220.
40.
74.
921.0725WhitePotato
0.
170.
70.
790.
90.153CropSubTotal
0.
98411.73204Water
2.1Total
3.0841ResuppliedFoodStuffs
30.733Total
3.
81711.InedibleBiomass=EdibleBiomass*1-EdibleBiomassWaterFraction/1-InedibleBiomassWaterFraction*l-HarvestIndex/HarvestIndex.
2.TheinediblebiomassiscalculatedbasedontheaveragecropconsumptionrequirementperTable
2.Thecalculatedvaluedoesnotincludeinediblebiomassrateduetocroprequirementforfoodprocessingandtablefoodwastes.
3.Theresuppliedfoodrequirementistakenfromthescaled-upvaluecalculatedinTable6forthisscenario.Basedon10-daycycledietusingallALSCropsTable2AverageHarvestEdibleInedibleCropConsumptionIndexB沁massBiomassInedibleBiomass12kg/person-day.WaterWetDryBasisFractionWaterFractionkg/person-dayCabbage
00.
90.
920.920Carrol
0.
0401.
90.
88.
88.XM456Celery
00.
70.
950.90DryBeanGreen
0.
02140.
370.
80.
90.07288Onion
0.
02260.
50.
90.
90.0226Lettuce
0.
00750.
950.
960.
950.0X316Mushroom
00.
50.
920.90Pea
00.
370.
790.90Peanut
0.
02880.
27.
80.
90.1557Peppers
00.
40.
920.90Radish
0.
0150.
90.
950.
90.000833Rice
0.
02140.
40.
740.
90.08346SnapBean
00.
370.
9.90Soybean
0.
2340.
370.
6750.
91.2949Spinach
0.
04630.
80.
920.
90.00926StrawberrySweet
00.
40.
810.90Potato
0.
07680.
70.
73.
880.07406Tomato
0.
28540.
480.
940.
920.2319WheatWhite
0.
09630.
40.
740.
920.4695Potato
0.
10470.
70.
790.
90.09423CropSubTotali.0X
32.51408Water
0.6053Total
1.6056ResuppliedFoodStuffs
30.5645Total
2.
17011.InedibleBiomass=EdibleBiomass*1-EdibleBiomassWaterFractional-InedibleBiomassWaterFraction*1-HarvestIndex/HarvestIndex.
2.TheinediblebiomassiscalculatedbasedontheaveragecropconsumptionrequirementperTable
2.Thecalculatedvaluedocsnotincludeinediblebiomassrateduetocroprequirementforfoodprocessingandtablefoodwastes.
3.Theresuppliedfoodrequirementstakenfromthescaled-upvaluecalculatedinTable7forhisscenario.Scenario0ScenarioNameBio-Plex120dayTestLettucePotatoDryWaterWetWaterWasteContentWastePercentageWasteComponentWetHumanWasteBrineforShower/Handwash/Sweat
0.
1801.
3441.
52488.19BrineforUrine
0.
3602.
6883.
04888.19EMUWaste
0.
0000.
0000.000FecesToiletPaper.
3180.
5400.
85862.94WetPlantB沁mass
0.
0900.
8100.
90090.00WetTrashPackagingMaterial
5.
6671.
4597.
12620.48TrashPapcr/Clohcs
0.
2440.
1730.
41841.50Wipes/Tissues
0.
3490.
8151.
16470.00DryTrashFilters
0.326Miscellaneous
0.069Tape
0.246Total
7.
8507.
83015.
68049.94Grownfood
1.614Packagedfood
8.110%foodGrown
16.598TestDuration120daysScenario2ScenarioNameIndependentExplorationMissionSaladCropsGrownDryWaterWetWaterWasteContentWastePercentageWasteComponentWetHumanWasteBrineforShower/Handwash/Sweat
0.
1801.
3441.
52488.19BrineforUrine
0.
3602.
6883.
04888.19EMUWaste
0.
3461.
1001.
44676.07FecesToiletPaper
0.
3180.
5400.
85862.94WetPlantBiomass
0.
0470.
4270.
47490.0WetTrashPackagingMaterial
6.
2421.
6087.
85020.48TrashPaper/Clothes
0.
2440.
1730.
41841.50Wipes/Tissues
0.
3490.
8151.
16470.00DrzTrashFilters
0.326Miscellaneous
0.069Tape
0.246Total
8.
7298.
69517.
42449.90Grownfood
0.815Packagedfood
8.934%foodGrown
8.358MissionDuration600daysScenarioScenarioName1TransitMissionMostlyPackagedFoodDryWaterWetWaterWasteContentWastePercentageWasteComponentWetHumanWasteBrineforShower/Handwash/Sweat
0.
1801.
3441.
52488.19BrineforUrine
0.
3602.
6883.
04888.19EMUWaste
0.
0000.
0000.000FecesToiletPaper
0.
3180.
540.
85862.94WetPlantBiomass
0.
0240.
2130.
23790.00WetTrashPackagingMaterial
6.
2881.
6207.
90820.48TrashPapcr/Clothes
0.
2440.
1730.
41841.50Wipes/Tissues
0.
3490.
8151.1647O.XDryTrashFilters
0.326Miscellaneous
0.069Tape
0.246Total
8.
4057.
39315.
79846.80Grownfood
0.407Packagedfood
9.000%foodGrown
4.331MissionDuration180daysScenario3ScenarioNameExplorationMission.LowCarbohydrateDietDryWaterWetWaterWasteContentWastePercentageWasteComponentWetHumanWasteBrineforShower/Handwash/Sweat
0.180L
3441.
52488.19BrineforUrine
0.
3602.
6883.
04888.19EMUWaste
0.346l.lX
1.
44676.07FecesToiletPaper
0.
3180.
5400.
85862.94WetPlantBiomass
1.
56114.
04615.
6079.XWeiTrashPackagingMaterial
3.
0730.
7913.
86420.48IiashCPaper/Clothes
0.
2440.
1730.
41841.50Wipes/Tissues
0.
3490.
8151.
16470.00DryTrashFilters
0.326Miscellaneous.069Tape
0.246Total
7.
07321.
49828.
57175.25Grownfood
5.905Packagedfood
4.398%foodGrown
57.312MissionDuration60days。