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句子成分和基本句型导学案Class:Group:Name:组内评价:教师评价:Learningaims]TomasterthebasiccomponentsofasentencesuchassubjectobjectpredicativeetcTomasterthebasicusefulstructuressuchastheSVOSVPSV.AttendourclasswithpassionandenjoythehappinessofusingEnglish.【课前预习•一词性及句子成分】内容
(一)I.词性的分类词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类
1.名词noun_n.student学生【自主探究】实词:.代词pronounpronyou你.形容词adjectiveadj^happy高兴的.副词adverbadv.quickly迅速地虚词:
5.动词verbv.cut砍、割—.数词numeralnumthree三.冠词articleart.a—个.介词prepositionprepat在...主语的基本类型.连词conjunctionconiand和.感叹词inteijectioninterj.oh哦
(二)理解和背诵导学案上的例句,了解并能区分各种句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用,英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等
一、主语(Subject)是句子的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首如(划线部分是主语)I_amcuriousaboutthehistoryofChina.(代词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Tosayisonethingandtodoisanother.(不定式)l\voindislresssnakesthesorrowless.(数词)Whaihesaidinihcmcciineimpressedmealot.(从句)]t_issaidihatanyonewho(ouchestheireewillhaveabadluck.(从句)谓语的基本类型宾语的基本类型
二、谓语(\erb)是对■主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词(包括vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词)或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面如
1.Hisparentsareteachers.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)Westudyhard.(行为动词作谓语)Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)—HecanspeakEnglish.(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
三、宾语(Object)表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任放在及物动词或者介词之后如:Weallenjoyoursehesinthisparty.(代词)enjoyreadingEnglishloudlyinthemorning.(动名词)IwanttobeasingerwhenIgrowup.(不定式)Oneplusoneequalstwo.(数词)Wefounditdifficulttomakeeveryteammembertobeactiveinteamactivities.(形式宾语)Thescientistshavefoundoutthatsleepcanhaveaneffectononessociality.(从句)
四、宾语补足语(objectComplement)英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语OnlyworknoplaymakesJackadullboy.(名词)Thenewsofhisdeathmademeblueforlong.(形容词)Mymomaskedme(otakepartinthisspeechcontest.(不定式)Wefoundthevillagedistroyedinruinsinthisearthquakeandwealsofoundmanychildrenin(hisareasleepingontheroad.(分词)
五、表语(Eredicative)用来说明主语的性质或状态一般由名词或者形容词担任如:Myfatherisagreatengineer.(名词)Whathesaidseemedunbelievableathistime.(形容词)Winteriscomingon.Itiscolderandcolder.(形容词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Tosayisoneihingandtodoisanoiher.(不定式)Thecatisunderthetree.(介词短语)Mysuggestionislha〔weshouldtakeactionloprotectourenvironment.(从句)
六、定语(Attribute)是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当宾补的基本类型表语的基本特点定语基本类型梳理简单句的基本类型于形容词的短语或从句担任形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面如:Heismyboyfriend.名词Thisismycreditcard.形容词性物主代词Thecatunderthetreeismine.介词短语Informationageneedspeopleequioredwithbasicdata-analysisability.分词短i音Informationageneedspeopletobeequippedwithbasicdata-analysisability.不定式InformationageneedspeoplewhoarnequioDedwithbasicdataanalysisability.从句
七、状语Adverbial是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分常由副词担任修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前如Theoperationwentonsuccessfully.副词ExpertsallovertheworldcometogelherinShanghaiforthisconference介词短语lbhaveabelterperformance.Ikeptpracticingbeforegoingtothestage.不定式短语LookingaroundIrealizedwithashockthat1wastheonlypassengerleftonthebus.分词短语WhenIlookedaround」realizedwithashockthat1wastheonlypassengeleftonthebus.从句三理解并区分最基本的句子结构
一、Ssubject+Viintransitiveverb主语+谓语〈不及物动词〉句子里的动词能够表达一个完整的意思,后边不需要加宾语,这里的动词为不及物动词如加宾语,需要借助介词Timeflies.Wintercomes.Hesmilesatme.常见的不及物动词beginrunjumpdielistensmilespeakcrylivecomegoarrivewalkworkstaysleepswimlaughhappen...翻译、
1.五年前我住在北京—
2.他去年在一个大公司工作
二、Ssubject+Vttransitiveverb+Oobject主语+谓语<及物动词>+宾语及物动词vt必须加宾语,否则意思不完整VI+宾语eg.Iseeablackboardintheclassroom.eg.TomwatchedTVjustnow.连词成句
1.auntfindpassportmyhercant.
2.uplatesheyesterdaygot.
三、Ssubject+Vverb+P主语+系动词+表语系动词可分四类1be动词eg.lamagoodstudent.2感官动词类lookfeelsmelltastesound等+adj.eg.Theseflowerssmellverysweet.3表示变化getgrowbecometurngo等eg.Itbecomeswarmerandwarmer.4表示状态延续staykeepproveremain等eg.Heremainedsilent.例题1Millieisverysowcallwanttomakewithher.A.friends:friendlyB.friendly;friendsC.friendly;friendlyD.friends;friends2*—Howdoyoufeelwhenyouwinthegame-Itmakesmefeel.A.ProudlyB.proudC.interestingD.funny连词成句应用练习
1.hisMybrotherhomeworkhasntdone.
2.EnglishPeoplespeakallovertheworld.
3.attention.You.goodtoyourpronunciationmustpay.
4.tosleepThemanwastrying.
5.totake.Heaskedhertheboyoutofschool.。