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第8节连词和从句£真题诊断【单句语法填空】rmnotsureismorefrightenedmeorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.(2018•全国III)答案who/which解析考查宾语从句的引导词根据下文的meorthefemalegorilla可知,这里表达的意思是我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕,是我还是那只不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩故填连接代词who/whichTheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005一whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011fertilizerusedroppedby
7.7milliontons.(2018全国II)答案that/which解析考查定语从句的关系词分析句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,修饰uasoil-testingprogram先行词表示物,关系代词作定语从句的主语,用that/which.Likeanythingitispossibletohavetoomuchofbothisnotgoodforthehealth.(2017・全国I)答案which解析考查定语从句的关系词分析句子结构可知,空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,且指代整个主句的内容,故填关系代词whichPahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegardenitremaineduntilthecarrotsleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.(2017・6月浙江)答案where解析考查定语从句的关系词分析句子结构可知,空格处所在的句子是定语从句,修饰前面的先行词thegarden且从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导该定语从句Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbabyitwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.(2016•四川)答案and解析考查并列连词句意为是它再生一个宝宝的时候了,也是小熊猫该独立的时候了根据句意可知两个分句之间为并列关系,故用andIdidntunderstandthiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.(2014-f东)答案why解析考查宾语从句的引导词“我”不知道/不明白会发生这样的事情不明白的一定是原因解析reason后的从句为定语从句,引导词在从句中作原因状语,修饰先行词thereason故应填whyItischeerfulthelocalauthoritieshavepromisedthemtoshortenthetimeofobtainingit.答案that解析It为形式主语,cheerful后面的句子为主语从句,引导词在从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义.youhaveanythingthatpuzzlesyouitwouldbegreattotalkwithMrTang.答案If解析句意为如果你有任何使你困惑的事情,与唐老师交谈一下会非常好根据句意可知,前面的从句为条件状语从句,表示“如果……”,应用if引导Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchenthathecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.答案so解析根据句意可知,约翰把每个人都关在厨房外面的目的是能够为聚会准备大惊喜,应是sothat引导的目的状语从句,故应填soisknowntousthatrespectforonesparentsisoneofChinesetraditionalmoralvalues.答案It解析Itisknowntousthat…为固定句式,表示“我们都知道,众所周知”,其中It为形式主语,that引导的主语从句为真正的主语,所以应填ItWhatisevenmoreimportantistheearthcooleddownandwaterbegantoappearonitssurface.答案that解析分析句子结构可知,“Whatisevenmoreimportant”为主语从句,“theearthcooleddownandwaterbegantoappearonitssurface句子成分完整,故应用that引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分II.语法填空——连词和从句专练Influenzaorfluisacommoninfectionofthenoseandthroatandsometimesthelungs.Thecauseisavirus
19.passesfromonepersontoanother.Thevirusspreadsthroughtheair
20.aninfectedpersonexpelsairsuddenly.Medicalexpertshaveidentifiedthreemajorkindsofinfluenza.TheycallthemtypeABandC.TypeCistheleastserious.Peoplemaynotevenknowtheyhaveit.
21.researchersstudytheothertwokindsveryclosely.Viruseschangetosurvive.Thiscanmakeitdifficultforthebodytorecognize
22.fightaninfection.Aperson
23.hassufferedonekindofflucannotdevelopthatsamekindagain.Thebodysdefensesystemproducesantibodies(抗体).Thesesubstancesstayinthebloodanddestroythevirus
24.itappearsagain.
25.thebodymaynotrecognizeafluvirus
26.hasevenasmallchange.Eachyearresearchersdevelopvaccines(疫苗)topreventthespreadofthefluvirus.TheWorldHealthOrganizationholdsmeetingsin
27.expertsdiscuss
28.kindsoffluvirusestoincludeinthenextvaccine..答案that/which解析先行词为Thecause指事物,空格处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,故用that/which.答案when解析空格处引导时间状语从句句意为当感染者突然呼气时,病毒就传播到空气中.答案But解析句意为C型流行性感冒不为人所觉察,但研究人员认真研究另外两种表示转折关系,故用but首字母大写.答案and解析句意为这会使身体识别并与感染作斗争变得困难表并列关系,故用and.答案who解析先行词为人,空格处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,故用who.答案if/when解析空格处引导状语从句,根据句意,if/when均可.答案But解析抗体能破坏病毒,但当病毒有细微改变时身体却无法识别它,but表转折.答案that/which解析先行词为afluvirus指物,空格处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,故用that/which.答案which解析空格处引导定语从句inwhich指代inthemeeting.答案what解析空格处引导宾语从句专家讨论下一代疫苗将包含哪些流感病毒专题强化练九I.语法填空LocalofficialsinBeijingpromisedtofurtherprotectthecitysculturalheritage遗产,inparticularthenarrowstreets
1.knowasHutong.Hutongare
2.commonfoundinthecitiesofNorthChinabuttheyareatrisk.Beijingiscurrentlybelievedtohavefewerthan1000Hutongmostof
3.areneartheForbiddenCity.Only60yearsagothenumber
4.be
3250.
5.averagemorethan100000peoplevisittheForbiddenCityduringtheNationalDayholidays.Thevisitsputpressureontheprotectionofculturalrelics“saidHuangYandirectoroftheBeijingMunicipalCommissionofUrbanPlanningaddingthatHutongshould
6.protectfromhumandamage.Thegovernmentfocusedonhowtheprotectionplanswerecarried
7.andhowthemanagementofculturalheritagesworked.WangShaofengheadoftheXichengdistrictgovernmentsaidtheareahas182culturalrelicsmanyofwhichwerebuiltasfarbackastheYuanDynasty1271-
1368.ThedistrictofXichenghas
1.28millionresidentsin
8.it57squarekilometersofland.Themostefficientwayistodecreasethelocalpopulationtoreducethe
9.possibleofcausingharmtotheheritage“Wangsaid.Eachcommunityhasbeenrequired
10.reportthestatusofitsculturalheritage.NooneknowsforsurehowmanyHutongwillbeleftinthecoming100years..答案known解析考查非谓语动词作定语,修饰streets相当于whichareknownas故用过去分词形式.答案commonly解析考查副词修饰谓语动词作状语,用副词形式.答案which解析考查关系代词指代上文提到的指物的先行词Hutong引导一个非限制性定语从句,作介词of的宾语,用whicho.答案was解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致时间状语为表示过去的60yearsago主语为thenumber所以用was.答案On解析考查介词onaverage为固定搭配,意为“平均起来”位于句首,首字母大写.答案beprotected解析考查被动语态Hutong和protect是动宾关系,所以用被动语态,且位于情态动词should后,故用beprotectedo.答案out解析考查副词句意为政府专注于怎样使保护计划得以实施carryout为固定短语,意为“实施”
8.答案its解析考查代词作定语用形容词性物主代词.答案possibility解析考查名词前有the修饰,所以用possible的名词形式.答案toreport解析考查非谓语动词requiresb.todosth.意为“要求某人做某事”121Peopleworldwidewouldlacktheirprimesourceofproteinwithoutfreshwaterfish.Yetthefreshwatersystemssupplyingthemareoftenignoredbypolicymakers!
1.insteadfocuseffortsonoceanspecies.Insteadof
12.seeasaprofitablecommercialactivityinglobaltradefreshwatercatchesaremerelyameansofsubsistence.Thereforetheydraw
13.littleinterestthanmarinecatches.McIntyrerecentlyconductedaglobal
14.analyseoffreshwaterfisheries渔场andthethreatstheyfaceand
15.determinethattheseregionsurgentlyneed
16.safeguard.Heandhisteamfoundthat90percentoftheglobalfreshwatercatchescomefromecosystemsthatarestressedby“aboveaverage“pollutiondambuildingandinvasivespecies.Nowhere
17.bethesechallengesmore
18.potentialdamagingthanwithinSoutheastAsiasMekongRiversystem-
19.worldsbiggestfreshwaterfishery.TheresaysMcIntyremany12/19peoplerely
20.catfishandotherriverspeciesasakeysourceofdietaryproteinthatcouldnotbeeasilyreplaced.McIntyresresearchdoesnotpointtoa“skyisfalling“scenariohesaysbutitisclearthat“withthesechallengeshammeringtheplacesthehardestwehavethemosttolose.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文淡水鱼是人类重要的蛋白质来源但是因为人类的忽略,人类赖以生存的淡水水域遭到了破坏,情况十分危急.答案who解析考查定语从句分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是policymakers指人,在从句中作主语故填who.答案beingseen解析考查非谓语动词和动词的语态insteadof后接动名词;根据上下文可知,该句的主语“freshwatercatches和“see”之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态,此处指“淡水捕捞业没有被当作是有利可图的商业活动o故填beingseen.答案less解析考查形容词的比较级句意为因此,淡水渔业没有海洋渔业那样让人感兴趣根据句中的“than”可知此处应该用little的比较级故填less.答案analysis解析考查词性转换根据空格后的介词of可知,此处应用名词,指“一次对全球淡水渔业的分析”所以此处应用analyse的名词形式故填analysis.答案determined解析考查动词的时态and连接并列成分,空格处和上文中的conducted是并列的谓语动词故填determinedo.答案safeguarding/tobesafeguarded解析考查非谓语动词此处句意为这些地区应该立刻得到保护need的主语和它后面的动词是被动关系,可以用needdoing或者needtobedone形式根据语境可知,主语“theseregions和“safeguard”之间是被动关系故此处应填safeguarding/tobesafeguardedo.答案are解析考查特殊句式句意为这些威胁带来的潜在危害没有比东南亚湄公河区域——全世界最大的淡水渔场所带来的危害更严重的了分析句子结构可知,这是一个倒装句,否定词提前,句子倒装句子的主语是thesechallenges故填are.答案potentially解析考查副词空格后的“damaging”是形容词,应用副词修饰形容词故填potentially.答案the解析考查定冠词空格后的“biggest”是最高级,其前应用定冠词故填the.答案on解析考查介词句意为……很多人依靠绘鱼和其他种类的鱼作为他们不可轻易被替代的主要食用蛋白质来源relyon是固定短语,意为“依靠,依赖”故填onH.阅读理解(2018•安徽六校教育研究会第二次联考)AseasideLongIslandvillageonSaturdayhonoredthememoryofagirlwhosemessageinabottlewasfoundafterSuperstormSandydiscoveredbycleanupworkersadozenyearsaftershethrewitintotheocean.AplatewasplacedonarocknearthebridgewherethebottlewasdiscoveredinDecember.ltreads“Beexcellenttoyourselfdude(朋友),“thesamemessageinsidethebottle.Thenotealinefromthe1989KeanuReevessmovieBillTedsExcellentAdventurewaswrittenbySidonieFeryandthrewintotheoceaninsideabottle.Shediedin2010attheageof18inafallfromacliff(悬崖)inSwitzerland.Thebottleonlytraveledamileortwowestwardfromwhereitwaslikelydepositedtothelocationwherecleanupworkersfoundit.ltwasintermingledwithbrokenclothesboatingequipmentandarangeofseatrash.ButbecausethenoteincludedthegirlsNewYorkCityphonenumberwhatotherwisewouldhavebeenaworthlesspieceoftrashbecameapricelesssouvenir.WorkersinPatchogueabout60miles(100kilometers)eastofManhattancalledthenumberandreturnedthebottletohermotherMimiFery.Ferysaidshesobbedwhensheheardworkershadfoundthebottleandwasgratefultothem.Itsunbelievable“shesaidSaturdayoftheceremony.Thetownisamazingmydaughterwasalovelyandlivelypersonandveryfunshewoulddofunthings.Shealwaysbroughtjoytoeverybodynomatterhowshefelt.”Theplatealsoreads IlearnedthateventhoughsomeoneisverysmalltheymayhaveabigheartvandbearsaphotoofasmilingyoungSidoniealongwiththedatethebottlewasfoundDec.
62012.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文一个海边小村在周六的时候举行活动纪念一个女孩这个女孩数年前将一个装有个人信息的瓶子扔到大海里,数年后,这个瓶子被清理工人发现但是,女孩已经去世,清理工人将瓶子归还给她的母亲.Thepassageismainlywrittento.tellushowtowriteanoteB・informusofsomeusefultipssharewithusamovingstoryintroducethebottlemessage答案c解析写作意图题一个海边小村在周六的时候举行活动纪念一个女孩这个女孩数年前将一个装有个人信息的瓶子扔到大海里,数年后,这个瓶子被清理工人发现但是,女孩已经去世,清理工人将瓶子归还给她的母亲文章详细介绍了事情的来龙去脉故这篇文章的写作目的就是告诉读者这个感人的故事故C选项正确.TheunderlinedworduintermingledvinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto”.B.mixedupC.filledupD.secured答案B解析词义猜测题由第三段内容和第四段第一句ButbecausethenoteincludedthegirlsNewYorkCityphonenumberwhatotherwisewouldhavebeenaworthlesspieceoftrashbecameapricelesssouvenir.v可次口,这个瓶子当初被扔下去之后,只向西漂流了一二英里,幸亏瓶子里有这个女孩的电话号码,否则它就会被当成一件没有价值的垃圾了,由此可知,这个瓶子被发现时,和其他东西混杂在一起故该划线单词意为“混合”故B项正确.WhichisthecorrectorderoftheeventsmentionedinthepassageSidoniefellfromacliffanddied.Sidoniewrotealineandthrewitintotheoceaninabottle.KeanusmovieBillTedJsExcellentAdventurecameout.AplatewasplacedtohonorthememoryofSidonie.CleanupworkersfoundthebottleandcalledFery.A.c-b-a-e-dB.c-b-e-a-dC.c-a-b-d-eD.c-a-b-e-d答案A解析细节理解题由第一至第四段的描述可知,事情的发展顺序应该是1989年电影BillTed9sExcR/emA而加忆问世Sidonie将这部电影里的一句台词写在纸上,放到瓶子里,然后把瓶子扔到了海洋里2010年,Sidonie坠崖而死清理工人发现了这个瓶子,给Sidonie的母亲Fery打电话,将瓶子归还给她一个牌子被树立起来以纪念Sidonie故A项正确.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSidonieHelpfulandoptimistic.Smallbutpromising.Lovelybutpitiful.Smartandbeautiful.答案A解析推理判断题由倒数第二段中的“...mydaughterwasalovelyandlivelypersonandveryfunshewoulddofunthings.Shealwaysbroughtjoytoeverybodynomatterhowshefelt.”可知,Sidonie非常可爱,非常活泼,经常做一些有趣的事她总是给别人带去快乐由此可知,她应该是一个比较乐观、愿意帮助别人、给别人带去快乐的人故A项正确in.七选五(2018・湖南衡阳一联)Improvingyourfocuscanmakeyouabetterstudentoremployeeaswellasahappierandmoreorganizedperson.25Createacleanenvironment.Whenitsataskwhereyouareseatedatadeskthenyouwillneedtocleanthedeskareaandbecomemoreorganized.Letssupposeyouaretryingtoquitsmoking.26Inotherwordsonyourquitdatethehouseandcaryouoccupyneedtobe“smokeless“ineveryway.Noashtrayslightersetc.27Forexampleifyourintentionistobeanon-smokerthenyouaremorelikelytosucceedhangingoutinalocalgyminsteadofalocalbar.Choosetherightplaceandyoucancutoutthedistractionsyouhavecontroloverandminimizetheonesyoucantstopcompletely.Focusononetaskatatime.Thoughmanypeoplethinkthatmulti-taskingisagreatwaytoaccomplishgoalsmorequicklyandtogettwoorthreethingsdoneatoncemulti-taskingisactuallyharmfultoyourconcentration.OccupiedwithmanytasksyoumaythinkyouJregettingmoredone.28Thereforeworkongettingjustonethingdoneatatimeandyou11seethatyougetthisdonemorequickly.29Dothisinwritinginoutlineformandbreakingdownthestepscanhelpyourmindfromnotgettingoverwhelmed.Setsmallstepsandshorttermgoals.Createtheenvironmenttoallowthistobepossible.Makealistofgoalsatthebeginningofeverydayorweek.Selectaproperplacewhereyouaremostlikelytobeabletofocus.Ifyoureallywanttogetgoodgradesyoushouldkeepyourselffromgettingdistracted.Howeveritwillharmyourconcentrationnottoputallofyourfocusandenergyintoonlyonetask.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourfocusyouneedtolearnhowtoavoiddistractionsbeforeaccomplishingatask.
25.答案G解析根据下文可知,这里是关于如何提高注意力,避免分心故填G.答案B解析根据该段小标题和后文“Inotherwordsonyourquitdatethehouseandcaryouoccupyneedtobesmokelessineveryway.Noashtrayslightersetc.”换句话说,在你戒烟的日子里,你所居住的房子和汽车需要在各个方面都“无烟”没有烟灰缸、打火机等可知这里是说“创设条件,使之成为可能”故填B.答案D解析此处选择概括句,由该段内容可知,D项是本段中的总结句uChoosetherightplaceandyoucancutoutthedistractionsyouhavecontroloverandminimizetheonesyoucantstopcompletely.的语义复于见故填Do.答案F解析根据空前前一句“忙于很多工作,你可能认为你做的很多”和F项“然而这会损害你的注意力”之间存在转折关系,符合上文语境而且“itwillharmyourconcentrationn是本段第二句话中的“multi-taskingisactuallyharmfultoyourconcentration”的语义复现古攵填F.答案A角星析根据后边“Dothisinwritinginoutlineformandbreakingdownthestepscanhelpyourmindfromnotgettingoverwhelmed.用提纲形式写下来,分解这些步骤可以帮助你的头脑不至于崩溃可知本段是关于设定小步骤和短期目标故填AIV.完形填空(2018•河北承德联校高三上期末)YesterdayIpostedastoryandafterwardsdonatedalittlemoneyafterIreadotherssadstories.LaterasIgotintobedandcompletedmy30andself-examinationonthedayIcametotherealizationthatIwas31money.Wow!Itwasjusta32toseethisinmyself.Itis33enoughthatintherealworldIhavemoneyinthebankbutdontgiveaway
34.1donthavealotofmoney35enoughtopaymybillsandhelpmydaughters.AlsoIsavesomemoneyfora36day.IknowIcouldgivemorebut37andfedsomecomfortinalittlepileofmoney.rmquite38toseeinmyselfthatitishardtopracticethebeautiful39intherealworld.Thebeliefisthattheneedsofpeople40aremoreimportantthanhavingalittlepileofmoneytofeel41with.SohereIwasdoingthesame42thing-savingbutnotgivingawaymuchmoney!Withsomanypeoplewaitingtobehelpeditwasprettyterribleformeto43howmuchI44seeingthatlittlepileofmoneyinmyhands.!havealready45todaythatevenifitishardtogiveitallawayintherealworldIamgoingtoguaranteemore46willcomemyway.Therewillalwaysbeenoughmoneyforme.Iamnotgoingtolet47pileupanymore.!amgoingtogiveitawaywhenI48itbecauseloveis49whatmakestheworldgoround.语篇解读本文为记叙文讲述了作者从反思自己吝于捐赠而羞愧到决定倾囊而出的心路历程A.sufferingB.strengthC.reflectionD.forecast答案c解析suffering遭罪;strength力量;reflection反思;forecast预见根据“andself-examinationontheday(和自省)”是同义并列,吾日三省吾身故选CA.savingB.earningC.borrowingD.wasting答案A解析save节约;earn挣钱;borrow借;waste浪费根据uAlsoIsavesomemoneyforaday.”可知,节约以备不时之需选AA.coincidenceB.wisdomC.pleasureD.shock答案D解析coincidence巧合;wisdom明智;pleasure快乐;shock震惊发现自己的自私感到震惊选DC.beneficial答案B解析rude粗鲁的;bad恶劣的;beneficial有利的;harmful有害的觉得有钱存银行而不捐太糟糕选BA.anotherB.anythingC.lessD.more答案D解析another另一个;anything任何东西;less更少;more更多助人不嫌多选DA.butB.forC.andD.so答案A解析but但是;for因为;and并且;so所以钱不多,但够养家前后句意转折选AA.brightB.sunnyC.luckyD.rainy答案D解析bright光明的;sunny晴朗的;lucky幸运的;rainy下雨的未雨绸缪选DA.gooutB.showoffC.holdbackD.hideaway答案C解析goout出去;showoff炫耀;holdback保留;hideaway躲藏可以多捐,但手头宽裕生活更好过,是人之常情可知他想多留点钱选CA.peacefulB.fairC.ashamedD.exciting答案c解析peaceful和平的;fair公正的;ashamed羞愧的;exciting兴奋的因自己不能践行美好的信念而羞愧选CA.dilemmaB.beliefC.figureD.future答案B解析dilemma困境;belief信念;figure人物;future未来下文中的“Thebeliefisthat…”是提示选BA.ondutyB.introubleC.aswellD.indebt答案B解析onduty值日;introuble有麻烦;aswell也;indebt负债此处指“有困难的人”选BA.safeB.riskyC.gratefulD.funny答案A解析safe安全的;risky冒险的;grateful感激的;funny有趣的手中有钱就有安全感选AB・necessaryC.intelligentD.foolish答案D解析useless无用的;necessary必要的;intelligent聪明的;foolish愚蠢的下文说许多人需要帮助,而我却吝啬,显然不明智选DA.refuseB.improveC.realizeD.abandon答案c解析refuse拒绝;improve进步;realize意识到;abandon放弃意识到自己的错误选CA.missedB.enjoyedC.hatedD.regretted答案B解析miss思念,错过;enjoy享受;hate憎恨;regret遗憾享受着数钱的乐趣选BA.evaluatedB.guessedC.decidedD.ignored答案c解析evaluate评估;guess猜测;decide决定;ignore忽视经过思想斗争,终于决定选CA.donationsB.itemsC.wishesD.surveys答案A解析donation捐赠;item项目;wish愿望;survey调查保证今后多捐选AA.foodB.moneyC.booksD.things答案B解析food食物;money金钱;book书籍;thing事情上文提到钱,决定不再聚财选BA.getB.eatC.deliverD.obey答案A解析get得到;eat吃;deliver运送;obey服从一旦得到钱,就散出去选AA.hardlyB.merelyC.sincerelyD.truly答案D解析hardly几乎不;merely仅仅;sincerely真诚地;truly真正地唯有爱才真正是推动世界进步的东西选D故答案为whyo
7.1madesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable全国答案when解析考查时间状语从句的连词句中缺少时间状语,故用when引导时间状语从句r考点突破考点一并列连词.并列连词的基本类型1表示并列或递进关系的有andboth...and...neither...or...notonly...butalso…等2表示选择关系的有oreither...or...not...but…等⑶表示转折或对比关系的有butwhile等4表示因果关系的有sofor等.并列连词的常用句式1“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”当表示顺承关系时用and表示转折关系时用r2when可用于并列句,意为“这时那时”,相当于andatthis/thattime常用于下列句式
①beabouttodosth.when…正要做某事,这时
②bedoingsth.when…正在做某事,这时例1InmuchofAsiaespeciallytheso-called“ricebowl“culturesofChinaJapanKoreaVietnamfoodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.答案and解析这里列举了亚洲的一些国家,空格前后都是表示国家的专有名词,前后“平行对等”,这里表示并列顺承关系,所以用ando例2BeforegettingintothecarIthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructorsordersonceIstartedthecarmymindwentblank.答案but/yet解析根据句意可知,作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的命令,结果一发动车,脑中一片空白前后文为转折关系故填but/yeto名师点津:语法填空中空格处是否填并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定的这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个主谓结构完整的词、句子、短语等,而且两个成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择或因果关系考点二定语从句
1.关系代词的使用规则
2.关系副词的使用规则3•“介词+关系代词”的使用规则用whom数词/形容词最高级/不定代词+of+which/whomthe+名词+of+which/whom表示所属关系,可转化为“whose+名词”
4.as和which的使用规则las引导非限制性定语从句,既可置于主句前,又可置于主句后,有时还可插入主句中,as常译为“正如,正像”从句的谓语动词多为seeknowexpectsaymentionreport等2which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,只能置于主句后,常译为“这一点,这件事”等,这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系【审题要诀】在语法填空中找准先行词,是人还是物成分定好位,定、宾或是主主从意相连,答案自清楚注意定语从句的3步解题法|找山原手的王行词,系麻熹还原代入从可1中,使从句成为一个完整的句子II在从句中作主语、宾语等时用关系代词;作状语时用关系副词例3Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2018•全国I)答案that/which解析分析句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,修饰astudy指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填关系代词that或whicho例4ManywesternerscometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018•浙江)答案who/that解析先行词是westerners(西方人),用who或that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语1列5Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytearsnoneofhasbeenproved.答案which解析分析句子结构可知,空处引导一个非限制性定语从句,代替先行词manytheories指物,作介词of的宾语,故填关系代词which考点三名词性从句
(一)四种名词性从句.主语从句由从属连接词(thatwhether)>连接代词(whatwhowhomwhosewhateverwhichever04/19whoever等、连接副词when,wherewhy,howwhenever等引导.宾语从句由从属连接词thatwhether/if连接代词whatwhowhosewhichwhateverwhicheverwhoever等、连接副词whenwherewhyhow等引导从句用陈述语序.表语从句由从属连接词thatwhether连接代词whatwhowhosewhichwhateverwhicheverwhoever等、连接副词whenwherewhyhow等引导从句用陈述语序.同位语从句由thatwhetherhowwherewhenwhy等引导二名词性从句的固定句式Itisnecessary/Iikely/important/...that是必要的/可能的/重要的/Itisapity/nowonder/nosurprise/...+that真遗憾/难怪/不奇怪/Itiswellknowntousallthat...众所周矢口Itsuddenlythat...occurredtomethat…我突然/从未想到Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...的原因是This/Thatis/waswhy…这/那就是……的原因This/Thatis/wasbecause…这/那是因为Thereisnodenyingthefactthat…不可否认Thereisnodoubtthat…毫无疑问Thereisnopossibility/nochancethat...没有可能【审题要诀】在语法填空中先把从句断,再将成分连搞懂其中意,连词自显现注意名词性从句解题步骤
1.首先根据从句在整个句子中的作用确定是四种名词性从句中的哪一种2划分从句的句子成分,理解句意,根据语法规则选择正确的连接词⑴当名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时,使用连接代词2当名词性从句中主干齐全,根据句意判断出缺少状语时,使用连接副词⑶当名词性从句主干齐全,又不缺少状语时,使用从属连接词引导1列6Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreetnotknowingshewasheading.2017•北京答案where解析考查宾语从句的引导词根据句意可知此处意为“不知道去什么地方”,故答案为where句意为简漫无目的地沿着林阴大道走着,不知道要去哪里例7Bychancetheprofessorknewthestudentcomplainedabout.答案what解析knew后为宾语从句,所填词引导宾语从句并在从句中作介词about的宾语,故填what1列8wemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmorewordstobepolite.答案What解析所填词引导一个主语从句,在从句中作find的宾语,故用what句意为我们通常会发现有趣的是礼貌通常需要更多的词语例9Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbeliefyouarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.答案that解析分析句子结构可以看出,主句主语为way后面的不定式tosucceedatthehighestlevel为其定语,系动词是is后面的不定式结构为表语youarebetterthan…为belief的同位语从句,从句为“主语+系动词+表语”结构,成分完整,故填起连接作用的that1列10IwasinsuchahurrythatIpaidnoattentiontothemilkwashotornot.答案whether解析if和whether都可引导名词性从句,意为“是否”,但if受到很多限制,例如不能位于句首,介词后的宾语从句不能用if引导,不能跟ornot连用等故此处填whether名师点津:.that与what引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句时,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“……的”,在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语.在下列情况下一般只能用whether不用if:⑴引导主语从句并置于句首时;⑵引导表语从句、同位语从句时;⑶引导的从句作介词的宾语时;
(4)从句后有“ornot”时.巧看标志性名词,分辨同位语从句如果从句修饰名词:fact(事实)conclusion(结论),doubt(怀疑),advice(建议),message(消息)news(消息)order(命令),possibility(可能性)promise(诺言),request(请求),suggestion(建议)等,从句的引导词是thatthat不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,而且不能省略,则该从句是同位语从句考点四状语从句
(一)九种状语从句.时间状语从句由whenwhileasassoonasafterbeforeuntileverytime等连接词引导.地点状语从句由wherewhereveranywhereeverywhere等连接词引导.原因状语从句:由becausesincenow(that)seeingthat(由于)等连接词引导.条件状语从句由ifunless(=if...not)so/aslongas(只要)onconditionthat(条件是),ifonly(=if)providedthat(如果)incase(万一如果)、suppose/supposingthat(假设如果),assumingthat(假设)等连接词引导.目的状语从句由sothatinorderthatforfearthatincase(that)lest(免得)等连接词引导.让步状语从句由althoughthoughwhile(尽管),aseventhough/ifnomatter等连接词引导.方式状语从句由howasasif/though等连接词引导.结果状语从句由so...that…,such…that…,sothatsuchthat等连接词引导.比较状语从句由asthanthemore…themore…等连接词引导
(二)时间状语从句的固定句式nosooner...than...hardly/scarcely.・.when..•意为“一就”主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时当nosooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时应用倒装语序
2.110川6匕+时间段+6©3代+一般现在时,意为“多久之后才……”Itwontbelongbefore…意为过不了多久就”tis+时间段+since+一般过去时,意为“自从……以来多久了”noJ.until…意为直到才”bedoingsth.when…意为正在做某事,这时”hadjustdonesth.when…意为“刚做完某事就”beabouttodosth.when…意为正准备做某事,这时”【审题要诀】在语法填空中状语从句不一般,服务功能它最全表原因、表结果、表地点,又表让步与时间表方式、表比较,尚表目的和条件连词作用分辨清,灵活运用不留憾[列11Pahlssonscreamedloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.(2017-6月浙江)答案so解析句意为Pahlsson的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来此处是so…that…引导的结果状语从句,表示“如此……以至于……”故填so例12Overtimethepopulationgrewpeoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.答案as/when解析as/when随着/当时候,as/whenthepopulationgrew在从句中作时间状语例13IwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroomIwillneverforgetit.答案Although/Though解析句意为尽管我在那个教室学习时只是个小孩,但我永远不会忘记它此处表示让步,应用although/though引导让步状语从句故填Although/Though1列14MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorIwaspackingthemup.答案when/while解析句意为我唯一的错误是在我打包的时候,把一些掉在了地上表示“当……的时候”应用when或whileo名师点津状语从句的三大考点.考查连接词做此类题时,要弄清上下文的语义关系,并掌握各个状语从句连接词的意思.考查时态时间、条件状语从句中,主句若用一般将来时,从句往往要用一般现在时.省略形式考查省略时常和非谓语动词结合另外,还要注意一些省略后的固定短语,如ifpossible(如果可能),ifnecessary(如果有必要),ifnot(如果不是这样),ifso(如果是这样),ifany(如果有的话)等■专项训练.单句语法填空Whenyousmilenotonlydoyoufeelhappyyoualsobringarayoflightintothelivesofothers.答案but解析notonly…butalso…意为”不仅而且”,为固定用法MyeldestsonworktakeshimallovertheworldisinNewYorkatthemoment.(2017•天津)答案whose解析分析句子结构可知,此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词,且与其后的名词有所属关系,故应用whoseoManyyoungpeoplemostofwerewell-educatedheadedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.答案whom解析句意为很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育先行词为“youngpeople”,指人,空格处在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为whomTheairqualityinthecityisshowninthereporthasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.答案as解析句意为正如报告中所表明的,在过去的两个月里,城市的空气质量有所改善此处as引导的是非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”,指代整个主句Belowaresomeideascanhelpyouout.答案that解析句意为下面是一些能帮助你摆脱困境的方法因为先行词前有不定代词some修饰,所以此处用that引导限制性定语从句Tamafraidhesmoreofatalkerthanadoerwhichisheneverfinishesanything.答案why解析句意为我恐怕他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家,那就是他一事无成的原因逗号后为which引导的一个非限定性定语从句,从句中又包含一个表语从句,根据句意可知用“why”引导Ifyouaregoingtokillthesnakeyouhavetogetclosetotheheadisandcutitoff.答案where解析句意为如果你想杀死这条蛇,你得接近蛇头并将其砍断宾语从句中缺少地点状语,故答案为whereoIwanttostressisthatyoushouldmakeitaruletopracticespeakingMandarin.答案What解析句意为我想强调的是你应该养成练习说普通话的习惯Iwanttostress为主语从句,该从句缺少宾语,故用what引导Ifyoudontunderstandsomethingyoumayresearchstudyandtalktootherpeopleyoufigureitout.(2017•北京)答案until/till解析句意为如果你不了解某个事物,你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨,直到你把它弄清楚根据句意可知,空格处应用until/till引导时间状语从句Todaywewillbeginwestoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwillbeleftout.答案where解析根据句意判断应填where引导地点状语从句,表示“今天我们将从昨天停下来的地方开始”OnMondayafternoonwewereplayingbasketballontheplaygroundIsuddenlyslippedandfellover.答案when解析句意为周一下午,我们正在操场上打篮球,突然我滑了一跤摔倒了bedoingsth.when…为固定句型,意为“正在做某事这时其中when相当于andatthattimeItcamefromabutchersstandaladyaccusedhimofinjectingwaterintotheporkandaskedforthemoneyback.答案where解析非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作地点状语,修饰先行词abutchersstand”,故应填whereDoyouknowthereasonhedidntattendthemeeting答案why考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1并列连词52定语从句2343名词性从句164状语从句7关系代词引导的定语从句whowhomthat代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语、宾语等,其中whom只能作宾语,介词提前时,指人只能用whom;that不能引导非限制性定语从句whichthat代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词,在从句中作主语、宾语等whose用来指人或物,在从句中作定语当主句中出现thesamesuchso修饰先行词时,要选择as作关系代词,as在从句中作主语或宾语只用that的情况先行词是allsomemuchlittlesomethingeverythinganythingnothingnone等不定代词时先行词被theonlytheveryalleverysomeanyfewnolittle等修饰时先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时先行词既包括人又包括物时只用which的情况介词提前时,指物只能用which在非限制性定语从句中,指物只用which关系副词引导的定语从句whenwherewhy的先行词分别是表不时间、地点、原因的名诃,并且在从句中作状语特殊用法当先仃诃为一些表7F抽象地点的名词,如pointsituationcasestage等时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句先行词ccasion当“时机”讲时,用关系副词when;当“场合”讲时用关系副词where当先行词way意为“方法,方式”,R在从句中作状语时,可用thatinwhich或省略关系词这三种形式构成用法介词(短语)+which/whom介词提前时,指物只能用Which指人只能。