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XinjiangPopulationDynamicsandDataTheStateCouncilInformationOfficeofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaSeptember2021ContentsPrefaceLPopulationGrowthinXinjiangII.LatestDemographicsofXinjiangDemographicChangesintheUygurPopulationFactorsContributingtoXinjiangsDemographicDevelopmentXinjiangPopulationProspectsFalsehoodsFabricatedbyAnti-ChinaForcesConclusionPrefaceAhealthypopulationisessentialfortheexistenceanddevelopmentofhumansociety.Alleconomicandsocialactivitiesarecloselyrelatedtopopulation.Itsgrowthinfluenceseconomicandsocialdevelopmentandnationalsecurityandprosperity.LyinginnorthwestChinaandcentralEurasiaXinjianghasbeenaplaceinhabitedbymultipleethnicgroupssinceancienttimes.In60BCtheWesternHanDynastyestablishedtheWesternRegionsFrontierCommandtogoverntheXinjiangareaofficiallyincorporatingtheareaintotheChineseterritory.Overthefollowing2000yearsandmorevariousethnicgroupshaveemergeddividedandmixedthere.Todaytheylivetogetherinharmonyandhaveformedadiverseunity.WorktoremedythebackwardeconomicandsocialsituationinXinjiangbeganimmediatelyafterthefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaPRCin
1949.Theinternationaljudicialinstitutionwithproperjurisdictioninstrictaccordancewiththerequirementsandproceduresstipulatedbytherelevantconventionsandinternationallaw.TheChinesegovernmentprotectstherightsoftheUygursandallotherethnicminoritygroupsinXinjianginaccordancewiththelaw.Thisfactstandsinsharpcontrasttothefabricationsbyanti-Chinaforces.L“Forcedlabor”Throughthelieofforcedlabor”anti-ChinaforcesmalignChinasactionsagainstterrorismandextremismsuppressthedevelopmentofindustriesinXinjiangsuchascottontomatoesandphotovoltaicproductsandundermineChinasparticipationinglobalindustrialchaincooperation.TheiractseffectivelydeprivethelocalpeopleinXinjiangoftheirrightstoworkanddevelopmentandopportunitiestomoveoutofpovertyandbackwardnesswiththeintentofstirringuptroubleintheregion.Xinjiangiscommittedtothepeople-centeredphilosophyofdevelopmentattachesgreatimportancetoemploymentandsocialsecurityandimplementsproactivepoliciesonemployment.Itfullyrespectsthewishesofworkersprotectstherighttoworkinaccordancewiththelawandappliesinternationallaborandhumanrightsstandards.Itimplementslaborlawsandregulationssafeguardsthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofworkersandstrivestoenablepeopleofallethnicgroupstocreateahappylifeandachievetheirowndevelopmentthroughhardwork.From2014to2020thetotalemployedpopulationinXinjianggrewfrom
11.35millionto
13.56millionupbynearly20percent.Theurbanemployedpopulationgrewbyanannualaverageof470000ofwhich149100ornearly32percentwereinsouthernXinjiang.Anaverageof
2.82millionjobopportunitieswerecreatedeveryyearforthesurplusruralworkforceofwhich
1.73millionormorethan61percentwereofferedtothoseinsouthernXinjiang.InitsfightagainstterrorismandextremismXinjianghasestablishedvocationaleducationandtrainingcentersinaccordancewiththelaw.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweentheseinstitutionsandthederadicalizationcentersandcommunitycorrectiontransformationanddisengagementprogramsinmanyothercountries.Thereisasubstantialbodyofevidenceshowingthatthisisaneffectiveapproachtopreventivecounter-terrorismandderadicalizationanditfullycomplieswiththeprinciplesofcounter-terrorismresolutionssuchastheUNGlobalCounter-TerrorismStrategyandtheUNPlanofActiontoPreventViolentExtremism.ThevocationaleducationandtrainingcentersinXinjianghaveimprovedthetrainees9commandofstandardspokenandwrittenChineseandincreasedtheiremployability.Thesecentershavealsostrengthenedtheirsenseofnationalidentitycitizenshipandtheruleoflaw.ByOctober2019alltraineeshadcompletedtheirstudies.Mostofthemhavefoundstableemploymenteitherbychoosingtheirownjobsbystartingtheirownbusinessesorwiththehelpofthegovernment.WorkersofallethnicgroupsinXinjiangincludinggraduatesfromthevocationaleducationandtrainingcentersalwayschoosetheirjobsoftheirownvolition.InlinewiththeprinciplesofequalityfreewillandconsensusandinaccordancewithlawsandregulationssuchastheLaborLawandtheLaborContractLawtheysignlaborcontractswithemployersandreceivetheirsalaries.Thereisnocoercionofanykind.“Mandatorysterilizations^Bymeansoffabricationunfoundedconjectureanddatafraudfalsereportshavebeenconcoctedbyanti-ChinaforcesmakingaccusationsthatXinjiangiscarryingoutdemographicgenocidebyforcingbirthcontrolontheUygursandotherethnicminoritygroupstosuppresstheirbirthrates.Chinaisacountryundertheruleoflaw.TheConstitutionandrelevantlawsstipulateunequivocallythatthestateshallrespectandprotecthumanrightsandthatallcitizenshavereproductiverightsandalsotheobligationtopracticefamilyplanning.Chinafollowstheprinciplesofgovernmentguidanceandindividualchoiceinprovidingtechnicalservicesforfamilyplanningandallcitizensenjoytherightstoknowaboutandtochoosetheirowncontraceptivemethods.Xinjiangimplementsitsfamilyplanningpolicyinaccordancewiththelaw.Forcedbirthcontrolandpregnancytestsarestrictlyprohibited.Itisuptoindividualstodecidewhetherornottousecontraceptivesandhowtousethem.Noorganizationorindividualmayinterferewiththisfreedom.Womenareentitledtodecideonbirthcontrolbasedontheirownphysicalandfamilyconditions.Withtheimprovementinwomensstatusandchangesinviewsonmarriageandchildbearinganincreasingnumberofwomenarechoosingtomarrylaterandhavefewerandhealthierchildren.Asaresulttheyareoptingforlong-termcontraceptivemethods.StatisticsshowthattheUygurpopulationhasbeengrowingsteadilyandsignificantlyoverthedecadessincethePRCwasfoundedin
1949.Thereforeaccusationsofsuppressionofbirthratesanddemographicgenocideareutterlygroundless.“Parent-childseparation^Anti-ChinaforceshavecreatedafabricationthatXinjianghassetupboardingschoolstodealwiththefalloutofitsmassiveinternmentcampaignandseekstopreemptanypossibilityonthepartofUygurparentsrelativesorcommunitymemberstorecovertheirchildrensoastocreateintergenerationalseparation^andassimilate”theUygurs.ChinasConstitutionstipulatesthatcitizensshallhavetherightandtheobligationtoreceiveeducation.TheEducationLawfurtherprovidesthatcitizensshallenjoyequalopportunityofeducationregardlessoftheirethnicityracegenderoccupationpropertyreligiousbeliefetc.TheCompulsoryEducationLawstatesthatwherenecessarythepeoplesgovernmentatthecountylevelmaysetupboardingschoolssoastoensurethattheschool-agechildrenandadolescentswhoaredwellinginscatteredareasreceivecompulsoryeducation.EstablishingboardingschoolsisastandardpracticeinChinascompulsoryeducation.In2020therewerenearly11millionprimaryschoolboardersacrossthecountryaccountingforabout10percentofthetotalnumberofprimaryschoolstudentsandtherewere23millionmiddleschoolboardersornearly47percentofthetotalnumberofmiddleschoolstudents.ThevastlandofXinjiangcoversatotalareaof1664900sqkm.Villagesandtownsarefarfromeachotherandresidentsinsomefarmingandpastoralareasaresparselydistributedmakingthedailytravelbetweenhomeandschoolverydifficultforstudentswholiveatadistance.Boardingschoolscanhelpconsolidateuniversalaccesstocompulsoryeducationandpromotebalancededucation.Theyareconducivetoconcentratingsuperioreducationresourcesandensuringteachingquality.Theycanalsogreatlyalleviatetheburdenonstudentsfamilies.BoardersliveatschoolfromMondaytoFridayandathomeonweekendsandholidays.Theycanaskforleavewhenevernecessary.Itisuptostudentsfamiliestodecidewhethertoboardornot.Claimsofparent-childseparationareagrossdistortionoffacts.[2:Culturalgenocide”][3:Anti-ChinaforcesclaimthatXinjiangseffortstopromotestandardChineserepresentacampaignofculturalgenocide”andthattheyareameansof“ethnic][4:assimilation^designedtoeliminatethespokenandwrittenlanguagesandculturaltraditionsofethnicminorities.][5:Thestandardlanguageofacountryisasymbolofitssovereignty.Everycitizenhastherightandobligationtolearnandusethestandardlanguage.ThisistruenotonlyinChinabutalsointherestoftheworld.Learningandusingthestandardlanguagehelpsdifferentethnicgroupstocommunicatedevelopandprogress.][6:TheChinesegovernmentworkshardtopromotetheuseofstandardChinesebutitalsoprotectsbylawthefreedomofethnicgroupstouseanddeveloptheirownspokenandwrittenlanguages.ChinasEducationLawprescribesthatinethnicautonomousareasschoolsandothereducationalinstitutionsdominatedbyethnicminoritystudents][7:shallaccordingtotheactualcircumstancesusethestandardspokenandwrittenChineselanguageandthespokenandwrittenlanguagesoftheirrespectiveethnicitiesor]thespokenandwrittenlanguagecommonlyusedbythelocalethnicitiestoimplementbilingualeducation”.WhilecarryingouttheteachingofstandardChineseXinjiangalsoprovidesUygurKazakKirgizMongolianXibeandotherlanguagecoursesatprimaryandsecondaryschoolstherebyensuringtherightofethnicminoritiestolearnandusetheirownlanguagesandeffectivelyprotectingtheirlanguagesandcultures.Ethnicminoritylanguagesareextensivelyusedinsuchareasaseducationjudicatureadministrationandpublicaffairs.TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetoprotectinganddevelopingthebestofitstraditionalethniccultures.Xinjiangcontinuestostrengthentheprotectionandpreservationofculturalrelics.SixculturalheritagesitesincludingtheJiaoheAncientCityRuinsandtheKizilGrottoeshavebeenintheUNESCOWorldHeritageList;133includingtheLoulanAncientCityRuinshavebeenlistedaskeyculturalheritagesitesunderstateprotection;andmorethan9000otherfixedculturalrelicsarewellpreserved.Xinjianghasbeenactiveincollectingpreservingandrescuingancientbooksofallethnicgroups.IthassupportedthetranslationandpublishingofKutadguBiligWisdomofFortuneandJoyaUygurmasterpieceonthevergeofbeinglostandhasenabledthepublicationofworksoffolkliteratureincludingtheMongolianepicJangar.TheUygurMuqamandtheKirgizepicManashavebeenregisteredontheUNESCORepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanityandtheUygurMeshrepontheUNESCOListofIntangibleCulturalHeritageinNeedofUrgentSafeguarding.Theregionhasestablishedfourstate-leveldemonstrationbasesforthepreservationofintangibleculturalheritageitems.TheyproduceethnicmusicalinstrumentsUygurmulberrypaperUygurcarpetsandKazakembroideryhandicrafts.Xinjiangembracesculturaldiversityandinclusivenessandupholdsmutuallearningamongcultures.Theregionfullyrespectsandprotectsfolktraditionsthusrealizingtheharmoniouscoexistenceofdifferentcultures.FolkfestivalsarewidelycelebratedincludingtheHanLanternFestivaltheUygurMeshreptheKazakAytestheKirgizKobuzBalladSingingFairtheMongolianNadamFairandtheHuiHua9erFolkSongFestival.Allofthisdemonstratesclearlythatthereisnotruthintheaccusationsofculturalgenocide”.
5.“Religiouspersecution^Anti-ChinaforceshavespreadfalseaccusationsthatXinjiangrestrictsfreedomofreligionkeepsreligiousactivitiesundersurveillanceprohibitsMuslimsfromfastingforciblydemolishesmosquesandpersecutesreligiouspractitioners.Respectforandprotectionoffreedomofreligiousbeliefisalong-termbasicnationalpolicyoftheChinesegovernment.TheConstitutionstipulatesthatcitizensshallenjoyfreedomofreligiousbeliefandthatnostateorgansocialorganizationorindividualshallcoercecitizenstobelieveinornottobelieveinanyreligionnorshalltheydiscriminateagainstcitizenswhobelieveinordonotbelieveinanyreligion.Italsoprovidesthatthestateshallprotectnormalreligiousactivitiesandthatnooneshallusereligiontoengageinactivitiesthatdisruptpublicorderimpairthehealthofcitizensorinterferewiththestateseducationsystem.InaccordancewiththeConstitutionandrelevantlawsXinjiangprotectsfreedomofreligiousbeliefandensuresorderlypracticeofreligion.Believersarefreetoengageinlawfulreligiousactivitiesincludingworshipfastingandobservanceofreligiousfestivalsinaccordancewithreligiousdoctrinescanonsandtraditionsatreligiousvenuesorintheirhomes.Theyfacenoinferenceandrestrictioninthisregard.ReligiousclassicshavebeentranslatedandpublishedincludingtheKoranandSelectionsfromSahihal-BukhariintheChineseUygurKazakandKirgizlanguagessoastofacilitatebelievers5accesstoreligiousinformation.Theregioncaresforreligiouspractitioners.Itincludesclericalpersonnelinthesocialsecuritysystembyprovidingthemwithmedicalold-ageseriousillnessandpersonalaccidentinsuranceaswellasarrangingforthemtohavefreeannualhealthchecks.Itattachesimportancetothetrainingofclericalprofessionals.Thereare10IslamicschoolsinXinjiangwhichhavetrainedacontingentofhigh-caliberclericseffectivelyensuringthehealthyandorderlydevelopmentofIslam.Tomeetbelievers9legitimatereligiousneedsXinjianghasbeenactivelyimprovingtheconditionsofreligiousvenuesandtheirsurroundingenvironmentsbymeansofrenovationandrelocationexpandingexistingfacilitiesandbuildingnewones.MosquesinXinjianghavebeenequippedwithrunningwaterelectricitynaturalgastelecommunicationstoolsradioandtelevisionfacilitieslibrariesandeasyroadaccess.WashingandcleansingfacilitieshavebeeninstalledincongregationalmosquesforJumaprayers.MosquesalsohavemedicalservicesLEDscreenscomputerselectricfansorairconditionersfire-fightingequipmentwaterdispensersshoecoveringsorautomaticdispensersofshoecoveringsandlockers.Allthisprovidesgreaterconveniencefbrreligiousbelievers.Theaccusationsofreligiouspersecution^arecompletelybaseless.Thereisawealthofevidencethattheaccusationsof“genocideinXinjiangconjuredupbytheanti-Chinaforcesaredevoidofanytruth.TheyareacalumnyagainstChinasXinjiangpolicyandthesuccessesachievedindevelopingtheregionandaseriousviolationofinternationallawandthebasicprinciplesofinternationalrelations.Posingas“humanrightsdefenders^anti-ChinaforcesinsomecountriessuchastheUnitedStatesignorethedarkhistoryoftheirowncountrieswhererealgenocidewascommittedagainstindigenouspeoplessuchasNativeAmericans.Alongwithsundryotherstheyturnablindeyetothedeep-rootedracialdiscriminationandothersystemicproblemsintheirowncountriestodayandtothestainonhumanrightsspreadbytheirrelentlesswarsinothercountrieswhichclaimmillionsofinnocentcivilianlives.Theirhideousdoublestandardshypocrisyandhegemonicmindsetrecalltheinfamousquote:Accusetheothersideofthatofwhichyouareguilty.”ConclusionXinjiangsdemographicdevelopmentreflectingthesituationacrossthenationbearswitnesstotheregionssocialprogress.Itmarksthesuccessofaunifiedmultiethniccountryinensuringthehealthypopulationgrowthofitsethnicminorities.Overthepast70yearsXinjianghasseenrapidandsteadypopulationgrowthimprovingpopulationqualityhigherlifeexpectancyandfasterurbanizationandmodernization.AlltheethnicgroupsenjoyunityharmonycommonprogressprosperityandhappylivesundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChinaCPC.Xinjiangsevolvingdemographicsareanaturalresultoflocaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentandofindustrializationandmodernization.Thissuccessisunparalleledinhistoryandisapparenttoanypersonwhorespectsfacts.Anti-Chinaforceshavefabricatedstoriesofgenocide”inXinjiangtodeceivetheinternationalcommunitymisleadinternationalpublicopinionandimpedeChinasdevelopmentandprogress.Thesemaliciouseffortswillnotsucceed.Truthwillprevailoverfalsehoods.TheChinesegovernmentwillcontinuetosafeguardChinassovereigntysecurityanddevelopmentinterestsandcontributetothecommonunitydevelopmentandprosperityofallethnicgroups.TheCPCsstrategyforgovernanceinXinjianginthenewerawillnotchange:governingXinjianginaccordancewiththelawmaintainingstabilitythroughethnicunitystrengtheningculturalidentityandbondsbringinggreaterprosperitytotheregionanditspeopledevelopingXinjiangfromalong-termperspective.Itwillcontinuetopromoteunityharmonyandculturalprogressandstriveforaprosperousandeco-friendlyXinjiangundersocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsinthenewerawherepeopleliveandworkinpeaceandcontentment.Xinjiangsmarchtowardsmodernizationwillnotbestoppedbyanyforceanditsfutureisbrightandsecure.populationofXinjiangparticularlythatofitsethnicminoritieshasgrownfastinbothsizeandqualityandlifeexpectancyhasseenasubstantialincrease.Todaytheregionenjoysrapidgrowthinallareasandastableandsecuresociety.Theethnicgroupsthereliveinpeaceandcontentmentanditspopulationisexperiencinghealthyandbalanceddevelopment.IPopulationGrowthinXinjiangBeforethefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChinathemodeofproductioninXinjiangwasbackwardanditsproductivitywaslow.Oppressedbyforeigninvadersfeudalexploitersandaprivilegedreligioushierarchypeopleofallethnicoriginsintheregionledanextremelyhardlifewithlittlesecurity.Thepopulationgrewveryslowly.Historicaldatashowthatthepopulationinthisvastregionneverexceededonemillionduringthe1800yearsfrom60BCtothemid-18thcentury.WhentheQinggovernmentsetupthepostofHiGeneralasgovernoroftheregionin1762thelocalpopulationwaslessthan300000mainlybecauseoftheturmoilofwar.TheregionbecameaprovinceduringtheQingDynastyin
1884.AccordingtoRecordsoftheXiangArmythepopulationinXinjiangwas
1.84millionin
1887.Ithadgrownto
4.33millionbythetimeofthepeacefulliberationin
1949.XinjiangenteredanewperiodofrapidpopulationgrowthafterthefoundingofthePRC.Ontheonehandfollowingitseconomicandsocialdevelopmentlivingstandardsandhealthcareimprovedsothatthemortalityratefellrapidlyandthepopulationgrowthacceleratedmarkedly.OntheotherlargenumbersofintellectualsandyoungpeoplestreamedintoXinjiangfromotherpartsofthecountryinresponsetothegovernmentscalltosupportthedevelopmentofborderareasandareaswithlargeethnicminoritypopulations.Accordingtodatafromthefirstnationalcensusconductedin1953Xinjianghadapopulationof
4.78millionandbythetimethesecondnationalcensuswasconductedin1964itspopulationhadincreasedto
7.27millionacompoundannualgrowthrateCAGRof
3.88percent.Thenumberhadgrownto
12.33millionbythetimeChinalaunchedreformandopeningupin1978anincreaseof8millioncomparedto1949withaCAGRof
3.67percent.Xinjiangspopulationcontinuedtogrowsteadilyafter
1978.Accordingtodatafromnationalcensusestheregionhad
13.08millionpeoplein1982thenupby
2.08millionto
15.16millionin1990withaCAGRof
1.86percentandupbyafurther
3.3millionto
18.46millionin2000withaCAGRof
1.99percent.Thesteadygrowthtrendhascontinuedintothe21stcentury.Accordingtodatafromthesixthnationalcensusconductedin2010thepopulationinXinjiangwas
21.82millionanincreaseof
3.36millionwithaCAGRof
1.68percentover
2000.Preliminarydatafromtheseventhnationalcensusconductedin2020showedthatthenumberincreasedby
4.04milliontoreach
25.85millionwithaCAGRof
1.71percent.From2000to2020Xinjiangspopulationgrowthsloweddownbutwasstill
1.15percentagepointshigherthanthenationalaverageinCAGR.ThenationalcensusesshowthattheethnicminoritypopulationinXinjianghasgrownrapidlyoverthepastsevendecades.EthnicMinorityPopulationGrowthinXinjiangII.LatestDemographicsofXinjiangAccordingtopreliminarydatafromtheseventhnationalcensusin2020thetotalpopulationofXinjiangwas
25.85millionamongwhichtheHanethnicgroupnumbered
10.92millionandethnicminorities
14.93million.Comparedwiththedatafromthesixthnationalcensusin2010Xinjiangrankedfourthamong31provincesandequivalentadministrativeunitsonChinasmainlandintermsofthepopulationgrowthrate.Itrankedeighthintermsoftheactualincreaseinpopulationoverthatperiod.By2020Xinjiangstotalpopulationrankinghadrisenfrom25thto21stinthecountry.Gendercomposition:OfXinjiangspopulationin
202013.35million
51.66percentweremalewhile
12.5million
48.34percentwerefemale.Themaletofemaleratiowas
106.85:100basicallythesameasin
2010.Agebreakdown:In2020therewere
5.81millioninthe0-14agegroupaccountingfor
22.46percent;
17.13millioninthe15-59agegroupaccountingfor
66.26percent;and
2.92millionintheagegroupof60andaboveaccountingfor
11.28percent.Comparedwith2010theproportionsofpeopleintheagegroupsfrom0to14and60andabovewereupby
2.01and
1.62percentagepoints.In2020Xinjiangsshareofpeopleinthe0-14agegroupwas
4.51percentagepointshigherthanthenationalaverageof
17.95percent;anditsshareofpeopleintheagegroupof60andabovewas
7.42percentagepointslowerthanthenationalaverageof
18.7percent.Theagingofitspopulationwasrelativelymoderate.Education:Theaverageyearsofschoolingforpeopleaged15andaboverosefrom
9.27yearsin2010to
10.11yearsin
20200.2yearshigherthanthenationalaverageof
9.91andranking10thacrossthenation.Comparedwith2010thenumberofpeoplewithuniversityeducationrosefrom10613to16536per100000persons;thosewithhighschooleducationgrewfrom11669to13208;thosewithmiddleschooleducationdroppedfrom36241to31559;andthosewithprimaryeducationfellfrom30085to
28405.Health:TheaveragelifeexpectancyofpeopleinXinjiangwas
74.7in2019up
2.35yearsfrom
2010.Infantmortalityratemortalityrateforchildrenunderfiveyearsofageandmaternalmortalityratewentdownfrom
26.58per
100031.95per1000and
43.41per100000in2010to
6.75per
100010.91per1000and
17.89per100000in
2020.In2019practicingdoctorsandhospitalbedsper1000personsnumbered
2.7and
7.39up
0.58and
1.93over
2010.Ruralurbanandfloatingpopulations:In2020therewere
14.61millionpeoplelivingintheurbanareasofXinjiangaccountingfor
56.53percent;
11.24millionlivingintheruralareasaccountingfor
43.47percent.Comparedwith2010theurbanpopulationincreasedby
5.28millionandtheruralpopulationdecreasedby
1.24million.Theshareofurbanpopulationwentupby
13.73percentagepoints.Asof2020thefloatingpopulationinXinjiangnumbered
8.05millionwith
4.66millionmovingwithintheautonomousregionand
3.39millionmovingtoXinjiangfromotherpartsofthecountry.Comparedwith2010thefloatingpopulationgrewby
4.06millionanincreaseof
101.78percent.Regionaldistribution:Xinjiangnowhas14prefectural-levelareas-9innorthernXinjiangand5insouthernXinjiang.Inthepasttherewasabigpopulationgapbetweennorthandsouth.ThepopulationofsouthernXinjiangonceaccountedforovertwothirdsoftheregionstotal.Thisgaphasbeengraduallybridgedthankstoeconomicandsocialdevelopment.In2020thepopulationofnorthernXinjiangwas
13.31millionmakingup
51.48percentofthetotalupby
1.96millionfrom
11.35millionin
2010.ThepopulationofsouthernXinjiangwas
12.54millionaccountingfor
48.52percentofthetotalanincreaseof
2.08millionfrom
10.46millionin
2010.HLDemographicChangesintheUygurPopulationXinjianghasenjoyedpeaceanddevelopmentsince
1949.AftertheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionwasestablishedin1955theCPCandthecentralgovernmentimplementedregionalautonomytoensuretheequalstatusofallethnicgroupsandadoptedaseriesofpreferentialpoliciestoassistandsupportregionaldevelopment.EthnicminoritygroupsinXinjiangincludingtheUygursenteredanoptimalperiodfordevelopment.TheUygurpopulationinXinjianghascontinuedtogrow.UygurPopulationGrowthBetweenNationalCensusesThesedatashowthatsincethefoundingofthePRCtheUygurpopulationhasmaintainedarelativelyhighgrowthrateatrendsharedwiththetotalpopulationgrowthoftheregion.InparticulartheUygurpopulationgrewataCAGRof
1.67percentduringthefirsttwodecadesinthe21stcenturywhichwasmuchhigherthanthatofthecountrysethnicminoritypopulationwhichstoodat
0.83percent.TheUygurpopulationisonaverageyoungerthantheoverallregion.In2020inthe0-1415-59and60andaboveagegroupstheUygurproportionswere
30.51percent
60.95percentand
8.54percentwhiletheoverallfiguresfortheregionwere
22.46percent
66.26percentand
11.28percent.TheeducationleveloftheUygurpopulationhasalsocontinuedtoimprove.Accordingtodatafromtheseventhnationalcensusin20208944per100000Uygurshadreceivedauniversityeducationanincreaseof6540comparedto
2000.Theaverageyearsineducationforthoseaged15andabovealsogrewfrom
7.06to
9.
19.Xinjiang5sUygursaremainlydistributedinKashgarPrefectureHotanPrefectureAksuPrefectureandKizilsuKirgizAutonomousPrefectureinthesouthernpartoftheregion.Accordingtodatafromthe2020nationalcensusUygursaccountedfor
83.74percentofthepopulationinthesefourprefecturesrepresenting
74.01percentofthetotalUygurpopulationinXinjiang.TheUygurpopulationhassurpassed2millioninbothKashgarandHotanandisapproaching2millioninAksu.IV.FactorsContributingtoXinjiangsDemographicDevelopmentAlongwiththeprocessofindustrializationurbanizationandmodernizationXinjiang9sdemographicdevelopmentwentthroughthreeperiodsofgrowth:highbirthrateshighdeathratesandlowgrowthrates;highbirthrateslowdeathratesandhighgrowthrates;lowbirthrateslowdeathratesandlowgrowthrates.Thistrendresultsfromacombinationoffactorssuchaseconomicandsocialdevelopmentevolvingpoliciesandregulationsandchangesinviewsonmarriageandchildbearing.Itconformsclearlytogeneraltrendsofdemographicdevelopmentelsewhereintheworld.Economicandsocialdevelopment:CommendableresultshavebeenachievedinmanyfieldsinXinjiangsincethefoundingofthePRC.From1952to2020XinjiangsGDPgrewfromRMB791milliontoRMB
1.38trillionandpercapitaregionalGDPincreasedfromRMB166toRMB
53593.Steadyprogresshasbeenmadeineducation.In1949Xinjianghadonly1college9secondaryschoolsand1355primaryschools.Only
19.8percentofschool-agechildrenwerereceivingeducationatschoolandtheilliteracyratewasover90percent.Inthe70yearssinceacompleteeducationsystemwithinstitutionsprovidingeducationfrompreschoolthroughhighereducationhasbeenputinplace.By2020Xinjianghadkindergartensinallvillagesand3641primaryschools1211regularsecondaryschools147secondaryvocationalschoolsexcludingskilledworkersschools56highereducationinstitutionsand6adultcollegesacrosstheregion.Thegrossenrollmentrateofpreschoolinstitutionswasover98percentthenetenrollmentrateofprimaryschoolswasalmost100percentthecompletionrateofnine-yearcompulsoryeducationwasover95percentandthegrossenrollmentrateofhighschoolswasover98percent.InKashgarHotanAksuandKizilsuprefectures15-yearfreeeducationlastingfrompreschooltohighschoolisavailable.From1951to2020Xinjiangproducedatotalofnearly
2.12millioncollegegraduatesofwhom
76700036.3percentareethnicminorities.Asignificantimprovementhasbeenseeninpublichealth.BeforethefoundingofthePRCXinjiangwaspoorlyprovidedwithmedicalservices.Ithadonly54medicalinstitutionswith696bedsplacingthemedicalservicecapacityat
0.16bedsand
0.019doctorsper1000people.By2019abasichealthcaresystemhadbeensetupwith18376medicalinstitutionscoveringurbanandruralareasprovidingatotalof186426beds.Theinfantmortalityratedroppedfromover400per1000in1949to
6.75per1000in
2020.Theaveragelifeexpectancyrosefromlessthan30in1949to
74.7in
2019.Evolvingpoliciesandregulations:TheapplicationoffamilyplanningmeasuresinChinawasgraduallyextendedfromcoastalandinlandtoborderregionsfromurbantoruralareasandfromtheHanpeopletoethnicminorities.Preferentialpolicieswereimplementedforethnicminoritygroups.InlinewithlocalconditionsandinaccordancewithstatelawsandregulationsXinjiangformulateditsownfamilyplanningpolicies.FamilyplanningwasfirstappliedtotheHanpeopleintheregionintheearly1970sandethnicminoritieswereexemptuntilthemidandlate1980s.TheMeasuresonFamilyPlanningreleasedbytheautonomousregionin1992stipulatedthaturbanHanresidentscouldhaveonechildpercoupleandthoseresidinginfarmingandpastoralareascouldhavetwowhileforethnicminoritiesurbanresidentscouldhavetwochildrenpercoupleandthoseinfarmingandpastoralareascouldhavethree.Ethnicminoritygroupswithsmallerpopulationswerenotrequiredtofollowthefamilyplanningpolicy.ThiswasoneofthemainreasonswhytheethnicminoritypopulationsinXinjiangmaintainedarapidgrowthrate.Inparallelwiththeregionseconomicandsocialdevelopmentthedifferentethnicgroupsbegantodevelopsimilarexpectationsintermsoffamilystructure.ThereforeXinjiangamendedtheRegulationsonPopulationandFamilyPlanningin2017introducinguniversalfamilyplanningpoliciesforallethnicgroups:twochildrenpercoupleforurbanresidentsandthreepercoupleforruralresidents.InlinewithfutureadjustmentstonationallawsandpoliciesregardingpopulationandfamilyplanningXinjiangwillfurthermodifyandimproverelevantlocalregulationsandpolicies.Xinjiangiscommittedtoprotectingthehealthofwomenandchildrenpreventingandreducingbirthdefectsandimprovingthequalityoffamilylifeinimplementingfamilyplanningpolicies.Couplesarenowbetterinformedonsafeeffectiveandpropercontraceptionandarechoosingtheirownpreferredmethod.Womenofchildbearingageareentitledtovoluntarytuballigationsurgeryandintrauterinedevicestoavoidunwantedpregnanciesandfrequentchildbirth.Changesinviewsonmarriageandchildbearing:InthepastundertheprolongedpervasiveandtoxicinfluenceofreligiousextremismthelifeofalargenumberofpeopleinXinjiangandparticularlyinthesouthernpartoftheregionwassubjecttosevereinterference-earlymarriageandchildbearingandfrequentpregnancyandchildbirthwerecommonplaceamongethnicminorities.Inrecentyearslaw-basedderadicalizationhasbeenimplementedinXinjiang.Theinterferenceofreligiousextremismhasbeeneradicatedinadministrationjudicatureeducationmarriageandhealthcare.Thepublichasbecomemoreawareofthedangersofreligiousextremism.Theirviewsonmarriagechildbearingandfamilyhavechangedaccordingly.Theeconomicsocialandfamilystatusofwomenofallethnicgroupshasimprovedallowingthemmoreopportunitiestoobtainsecondaryandhighereducationandtakeanactivepartineconomicandsociallife.Thenumberandproportionofwomeninemploymenthavesignificantlyincreased.In2019forexample228100womenjoinedtheworkforceincitiesandtownsacrossXinjiangaccountingfor
47.43percentofthetotalnewlyemployedinurbanareas.Latemarriageandchildbearingandsoundmaternalandchildcarehavepenetrateddeepintotheheartsoflocalpeopleandbecomethemainstreamsocialattitude.VXinjiangsPopulationProspectsBenefitingfromconsistentsocialstabilityXinjiangspopulationinparticularthatofethnicminoritygroupswillcontinuetomaintainsteadygrowthintheneartermimprovingthequalityofthepopulationandencouraginggreatersocialandgeographicmobility.TheethnicminoritygroupsinXinjianghaveconsiderablepotentialtogrowastheyhavearelativelyyoungpopulationandalargenumberofwomenofchildbearingage.ImplementationofChinasnewchildbirthpolicythatallowsacoupletohaveuptothreechildrenandsupportmeasurestoboostbirthrateswillalsopromotesteadypopulationgrowthinXinjiang.AsaresultofsteadyeconomicandsocialdevelopmentfurtherreformswillalsoimprovethequalityofXinjiangseducationsystem.ToraisethelevelofeducationalattainmentXinjiangwill:ensureuniversalaccesstopreschooleducationfocusedonpublicandnon-profitkindergartens;balancethedevelopmentofcompulsoryeducation;offeruniversalhighschooleducation;expandandimprovevocationaleducation;strengthenhighereducation.ThehealthcaresysteminXinjiangwillalsoexpandandimprove.Medicalfacilitiesinbothurbanandruralareaswillbeupgradedandthepeoplewillenjoycomprehensivelifecyclehealthservices.PublichealthinXinjiangwillimproveinallrespects.Xinjiangwillstrengthenthelawsandpoliciesprotectingwomen5srightsandinterestsandensurethattheseareappliedandrespected.ItwillfullyimplementtheNationalProgramfortheDevelopmentofWomencreateanempoweringenvironmentforwomenpromoteequalitybetweenthesexesandraisethecomprehensivequalityofwomen.Theregionwilladvocatemodernandhealthylifestylesandencouragewomentothrowofftheshacklesofreligiousextremismandtoparticipateinsocialandeconomicactivitiessothattheycanrealizetheirfullpotentialandsharedevelopmentfruitswiththerestofsociety.AllofChina5s56ethnicgroupscanbefoundinXinjiangwithUygurHanKazakandHuithelargestgroups.Theethnicgroupsgenerallychoosetoliveamongeachotherwhilesomeliveinconcentratedcommunitiesoftheirown.Xinjiangispromotingpeople-orientedurbanizationandwillrealizebasicurbanizationby
2035.Agroupofemergingcitieswillgrowandthecitieswillexpandandgathermorepeople.Differentethnicgroupswillincreaseexchangesinallareasfurtherintegratewitheachotherandformamorecohesivesocietywithdiverseneighborhoods.Drivenbymarketandotherfactorsvoluntarymovementsofpeopleforschoolingemploymentbusinessandtourismwillincreasebetweenurbanandruralareasandbothinsideandoutsidetheregion.WithabundantresourcesandafavorablegeographiclocationXinjiangwillattractmoreinvestorsandmigrantstograsptheopportunitiespresentedbyfurtherdevelopmentofcoreareasontheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandtheimplementationofthenationalstrategytodevelopwesternChina.InthefutureXinjiangwillenjoyamorestableandharmonioussocietyandamoreprosperouseconomy.Itwillguaranteefulleremploymentensureequalaccesstopublicservicesandestablishasoundandmultitieredsocialsecuritysystemsothatallpeopleintheregionwillleadbetterlivesandhaveastrongersenseoffulfillmenthappinessandsecurity.VI.FalsehoodsFabricatedbyAnti-ChinaForcesInrecentyearsvariousanti-ChinaforceshavebeenaccusingChinaofactionssuchasforcedlabof\mandatorysterilizations\parent-childseparation^culturalgenocide，andreligiouspersecution^.TheysmearXinjiangdemonizeChinaandvilifyChinasgovernanceoftheregionwithaccusationsof“genocide”.TheConventiononthePreventionandPunishmentoftheCrimeofGenocideadoptedbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyin1948providesacleardefinitionofgenocide-actscommittedwithintenttodestroyinwholeorinpartanationalethnicalracialorreligiousgroup.AcountrycanonlybeconvictedofgenocidebyacompetentCensusYearEthnicMinorityPopulationIncreasefromPreviousCensusCAGRfromPreviousCensus1st19534451500--__2nd
196449489004974000.97%3rd
1982779750028486002.56%4th
1990946150016640002.45%5th
20001096960015081001.49%6th
20101298590020163001.70%7th
20201493220019463001.41%YearofCensusUygurPopulationIncreasefromPreviousCensusCAGRfromPreviousCensus19533607600一--
196439916003840000.92%
1982595590019643002.25%
1990719180012359002.38%
2000834560011538001.50%
20101000130016557001.83%
20201162430016230001.52%。
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