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高考英语“阅读表达题型”解读及备考策略“阅读表达”题,包含了阅读四选一命题对各项技能的考查,只是由选择性的客观题改为进行阅读并表达的主观题因此,学生一定要把握好文章整体内容,从而进行分析并作答第一部分所呈现的真题包含细节理解题(
56、59小题)、词义猜测题(57小题)、段落大意题(58小题)以及询问个人观点的开放性试题(60小题)评分标准方面阅读表达题共包括5道小题,每道小题2分根据作答情况,分数分为4档,如下表所示由此可见,学生作答此题需具备良好的阅读和写作能力二.备考策略写给教师建议教师在日常教学中,要有意识地向学生渗透积极的情感态度和正确的价值观,鼓励学生表达个人观点并进行讨论,提高学生的思辩能力,激发学生的学习动力和热情写给学生培养阅读能力学生应广泛阅读,勤于思考,从英语阅读中增长知识,开拓视野,学习更多的生活经验,得到更多的人生启迪对于叙事类文章可进行研读,训练自己对文段大意的归纳总结能力对文章某些情节进行推测,揣测作者的写作意图,尝试运用所学语言知识表达作者的写作意图、个人观点和态度等止匕外,遇到不熟悉的表达,可尝试根据语境推测其在文中的意思提升书面表达能力根据该题型的任务要求可知,学生须具备良好的书面表达能力英语语言知识(包括词汇、语法等)是语言表达的基础,因此学生应重视对语言知识的积累并掌握其应用,并借助不同的学习策略以提升书面表达能力提升解题能力Or:Weshouldnevergiveupinthefaceofdifficulty/failure.Or:Weshouldneverstoptryingnewthingsandwemayachievesuccessindifferentfields.MynameisClara.IstillrememberthatchillyDecemberdaysittinginscienceclass.IdfinishedaworksheetearlyandpickedupaTIMEforKidsmagazine.Apieceofnewscaughtmyeye:NASAwasholdinganessaycontesttonameitsMarsrover火星探测器.BeforeIevenknewanythingelseaboutitasinglewordfloodedmy11-year-oldmindCuriosity.IcouldntwantforthebelltoringsoIcouldgetstartedonmyessay.Thatafternoon!racedhomesatdownatthecomputerandtypeduntilmyfingersached.Curiosityisaneverlastingflamethatburnsineveryonesmind...”Fivemonthslatermymonreceivedaphonecallandimmediatelyawidesmilespreadacrossherface.OnAugust52012at10:31p.mtherovernamedCuriositytoucheddownsafelyonthesurfaceofMarsandIwashonoredtohaveafront-rowseatinNASA.CuriosityissuchanimportantpartofwhoIam.Ihavealwaysbeenfascinatedbythestarstheplanetstheskyandtheuniverse.IrememberasalittlegirlmygrandmotherandIwouldsittogetherinthebackyardforhours.ShedtellmestoriesandpointoutthestarsGrandmalivedinChinathousandsofmilesawayfrommyhomeinKansasbutthestarskeptustogetherevenwhenwewereapart.TheywerealwaysthereyettherewassomuchIdidntknowaboutthem.ThatswhatIlovesomuchaboutspace.PeopleoftenaskmewhywegotofarawayplaceslikeMares.Myanswerissimplebecausewerecurious.Wehumanbeingsdonotjustholeupinoneplace.Weareconstantlywonderingandtryingtofindoutwhatsoverthehillandbeyondthehorizon.HowdidClaragetthenewabouttheessaycontestnomorethan10wordsWhydidClarahaveafront-rowseatinNASAnomorethan10wordsWhatdoesClararememberaboutthetimespentwithGrandmanomorethan15wordsWhatdoestheunderlinedphrase“holeupmeanlwordInyouropinionwhyiscuriosityimportantnomorethan20wordsByreadingaTimeforKidsmagazineOr:FromaTimeforkidsmagazineShewontheessaycontestheldbyNASA.Or:ShenamedtheMarsrovervCuriosityOr:“Curiosity”waschosenasthenameoftheMarsroverShesattogetherwithGrandmalisteningtoherstoriesaboutthestarsOr:HergrandmatoldherstoriesaboutthestarsOr:Theysattogethertalkingaboutthestars.
59.Stay/Remain/Live/HideCuriosityisimportantbecauseitleadstodiscoveryorinvention.Or:WithcuriositywekeepaskingquestionsandexploringtheworldunknownOr:CuriositydrivesusthroughourlivessothatweneverstopwonderingaboutthethingsbeyondourLastDecemberDorisLowturned
90.OnceaweekshestilldrivestotheCanadianNationalInstitutefortheBlindCNIBinTorontowhereshehelpstransformliteratureintobraille盲文tobringthepowerofstoryandknowledgetotheheartsandmindsofblindreaders.Shehasbeenvolunteeringhertimeandtalentstosuchenterprisesformorethan40years.AfterworkinginthebusinessworldforawhileLowgotfedup.Sosheturnedtoteachingatatechnicalschoolandlatermovedintothelibrary.Lowsmotherlikedreading.AshereyesbegantofailLowreadtoher.ThenhearinganadvertisementencouragingpeopletolearnbrailleIdecidedtogiveitatry.vIn1973shewascertifiedasabrailletranscriber转译者andbegantranscribingbooksasavolunteerfortheCNIBlibrary.Thejobwasstrenuous一shecouldgettotheendofapagemakeamistakeonthelastlineandhavetodothewholethingagain.ForanumberofyearsLowalsoworkedintheCNIBsoundstudioreadingbooksontotape.Threeyearsagoshetookupproofreading校对attheCNIBswordfactory.InAprilduringVolunteerWeektheCNIBrecognizedLowforhergreatcontributions.ThankstovolunteerslikeLowtheCNIBlibraryhasgotmorethan80000accessiblematerialsforpeopleunabletoreadtraditionalprint.IcantimaginehowmanyreadersofallageshavebenefitedfromDorisscontributionasaskilledvolunteerthroughherrichvoiceandherhighdegreeofaccuracyinthehundredsofbooksshehasbrailledandproofreadovertheyears一andsheisstilldoingso“saidaCNIBofficial.“Forme“saidLow“theCNIBismorethanjustaplacetovolunteer.Threethingsmattermostinmylife:alittleplayalittleworkalittlelove.Tvefoundthemallhere.”WhatdoesLowst川doattheageof90attheCNIBnomorethan10wordsWhydidLowlearnbraillenomorethan15wordsWhatdoestheunderlinedword“strenuous”mostprobablymean1wordWhatareLowscontributionstotheCNIBnomorethan15wordsWhatdoyouthinkofLowGiveyourreasonsnomorethan20words答案
56.Shehelpstransformliteratureintobrailleforblindreaders/theblindBecausehermotherseyesbegantofailandsheheardan/theadvertisement.Difficult/Hard/Tiring/ToughShehasbrailledandproofreadhundredsofbooksandreadbooksontotape.Lowiskindandhelpfulbecauseshehasdevotedmuchtimetotranscribingbooksintobrailleasavolunteer.Or:Lowisakind-heartedladywithapositiveattitudetowardlifebecauseshetakesdelightinhelpingothers.阅读短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题SixdaysaweekupanddowntheredhillsofnortheastGeorgiamygrandfatherbroughtthemailtothefolksthere.Atage68heretiredfromthepostofficebutheneverstoppedservingthecommunity.Onhis80thbirthdayIsenthimaletternotingthethingsweallshouldbethankfulfor—goodhealthgoodfriendsandgoodoutcomes.Bymostmeasurementshewasahappyman.ThenIsuggesteditwastimeforhimtoslowdown.Atlonglastinacomfortablehomewithagenerouspensionheshouldlearntotakethingseasy.“Thankyouforyournicewords“hewroteinhisletterback“andIknowwhatyoumeantbutslowingdownscaresme.Lifeisnthavingitmade;itsgettingitmade.”“Thefinestandhappiestyearsofourliveswerenotwhenallthedebtswerepaidandalldifficultexperienceshadpassedandwehadsettledintoacomfortablehome.No.Igobackyearsagowhenwelivedinathree-roomhousewhenwegotupbeforedaylightandworkedtillafterdarktomakeendsmeet.Irarelyhadmorethanfourhoursofsleep.ButwhatIstillcantfigureoutiswhyInevergottiredneverfeltbetterinmylife.Iguesstheansweriswewerefightingforsurvivalprotectingandprovidingforthoseweloved.Whatmattersarenotthegreatmomentsbutthepartialvictoriesthewaitingandeventhedefeats.Itsthejourneynotthearrivalthatcounts.”Theletterendedwithapersonalrequest:BoyonmynextbirthdayjusttellmetowakeupandgetgoingbecauseIwillhaveonelessyeartodothings一andtherearetenmillionthingswaitingtobedone.”ChristinaRossettianEnglishpoetoncesaid:DoestheroadwinduphillallthewayYestotheveryend.Todayat96mygrandfatherisstillonthatlongroadclimbing.Whatwastheauthorsgrandfatherbeforeheretirednomorethan5wordsWhatdidtheauthoradvisehisgrandfathertodoinhisletternomorethan10wordsWhatisthegrandfathersviewonlifeaccordingtohisletterbacknomorethan10wordsHowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphnomorethan10wordsDoyouagreewiththegrandfathersviewonlifeGivereasonsinyourownwordsnomorethan20words答案
56.Hewasapostman.Or:Heworkedinapost-office.Headvisedhimtoslowdownandtakethingseasy./Headvisedhe/hisgrandfathershouldslowdown.Theprocessismoreimportantthantheresult.Or:Amanshouldnotslowdownhoweveroldheis.Or:Lifeisnthavingitmade;itsgettingitmade./Itsthejourneynotthearrivalthatcounts.My/His/Thegrandfatherisstillbusydoingmeaningfulthings.Or:Thegrandfatherisstilllivinganactivelife.Or:Thegrandfatherisstillinvolvedinwhateverhecando.Yes.Oneshouldalwaysbefullofpassioninhislifenomatterhowoldheis.Or:PeopleshouldmakefulluseoftheirtimetodosomethingmeaningfulNo.Itismoresensibleforpeopletoslowdownandenjoyaneasylifeintheiroldage.Or:Slowingdowncontributestobetterhealthandlongerlifeforpeopleinoldage.rma34-year-oldmanmarriedlivedinanicehouseandhaveasuccessfulcareerasaneducationalconsultant.Butmylifewasnotalwayssogreat.Ihadalearningdisabilityfromanearlyage.IwenttoaspecialschoolwhereIgotplentyofextrahelp.StillIsufferedtherestofmyschooldaysinpublicschools.MylifeimprovedremarkablywhenIdiscoveredart.Theartworldgavemeachancetoexpressmyselfwithoutwords.Iwenttoaworkshopandgraduallygotgoodatmakingthingswithclay黏土.HereIlearnedmyfirstimportantlesson:disabledasIwasinlanguage.Icouldstillbesmartandwellexpressmyselfwithclay.Andmyconfidencecamealong.Igotmynextlessonfromrockclimbing.ItwasafunthingbutIwasscaredfromthestart.Isoonnoticeditwasntatalentthing;itwaspractice.SoIdiditmore.AfteraboutfiveyearsofclimbingIfoundmyselfinYosemiteValleyonabigwall.Ilearnedthatifyoufallinlovewithsomethinganddoitallthetimeyouwillgetbetteratit.LaterIdecidedtoapplymypreviousexperiencetolearninghowtoreadandwrite.EverydayIpracticedreadingandwritingwhichIusedtoavoidasmuchaspossible.AftertwohardyearsIwasliterate.HavinggonethroughthelongprocesswithartrockclimbingandreadingandwritingnowIvegottoapointinmylifewhereIknowIamsmartenoughtodiveintoanareathatistotallyunknownhardbutinteresting.WhatmadetheauthorsschooldaysdifficultNomorethan5wordsWhydidartgivetheauthorconfidenceNomorethan10wordsWhatlessondidtheauthorlearnfromrockclimbingNomorethan15wordsWhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph4Nomorethan5wordsHowdoestheauthorJsstoryinspireyoutoovercomedifficultiesinlifePutitinyourownwords.Nomorethan20words答案Hislearningdisability.Or:Havingalearningdisability.Or:Thathewaslearningdisabled.Or:Hehadalearningdisability.Hecouldbesmartandexpresshimselfwithclay.Or Artcouldhelphimexpresshimselfwithoutwords.Or:Hecouldwellexpresshimselfwithclay/art.
58.Ifyouenjoysomethingandkeepdoingityouwillgetbetteratit.Or:Themoreyoupracticesomethingthebetteratityouwillbecome.Or:Practicemakesperfect.Or:Practiceleadstosuccess.
59.1couldreadandwrite.6O.Weshouldnotloseheartinfaceofdifficulties.Ifweworkhard,wewillfindawayout.Or:TheauthorsstorytellsmethatIshouldbeconfidentandpracticehardtoovercomedifficultiesinmylife.or:Weshouldovercomeourweaknessandfearswithcourageanddetermination.Formanyteenagersajobisawaytoearnalittleextramoney.Formeitismorethanthat.IntheyearsofmygrowingupDadwasstrictwithme.HemadesureImademybedanddidmyhomework.Hewouldcallinadvancetomakesuretherewasnoalcoholattheparty.Igotsoangrywithhimforlayingdownthelaw.Iwouldscream“Ihateyou!”DadwouldyellbackGood!Idontcare!”DeepdownIknewhedid.OnetimeatapartyIdranktoomuchalcoholandgotsosick.Isaid“Callmydad.”NextthingDadwascarryingmetothecar.IwokeupthenextmorningthinkingIwoulddefinitelybecriticised.AsexpectedIgotaroastingbutInowunderstandwhyIneededdiscipline.Dadwas29whenhegothisbigrolesinfilms.Ihadanearlystartattheageofninewitharoleina1990sTVseriesbutitwasntuntilIfinishedfilmstudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.LikethoseearlydaysforDadIfacedlotsofrejections.Workinginsuchacompetitiveindustry\vesometimesthoughtleantdothisanymore.nOnceafteratriptoHollywoodIreturnedtoAustraliasodepressedandspentmonthsinmybedroompaintinglisteningtoEckhartTollesmusicandtryingtofindmyselfagain.Dadsatmedownandsaid“AliceIknowitshardbutitsallaboutpersistence(坚持不懈不NowIgettoworkwithDadalotwhichIlove.Wearebothpassionateaboutactingwhichcomesfromusbeingsointerestedinpeople.IfitwerentforDadIwouldntbewhereIamtoday.Hesmybiggestfanandwhenyouhavethatinyourlifeyoucangoalongway.WhatrulesdidAlicesfathersetforherwhenshewasgrowingupnomorethan15wordsWhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2meannomorethan5words58WhatdidAlicesfatherdowhenshefeltdepressednomorethan5wordsAccordingtothelastparagraphwhatdoAliceandherfatherhaveincommonnomorethan10wordsWhatdoyouthinkofAlicesfatherPleaseexplainnomorethan20words答案
56.Sheshouldmakeherbeddoherhomeworkanddrinknoalcohol.Or:Makingherbeddoingherhomeworkanddrinkingnoalcohol.Igot/wascriticised/scolded.Heencouraged/comforted/inspiredher.Theyarebothpassionateaboutactingandinterestedinpeople.Heisagood/devoted/caring/lovingfatherbecausehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedherwhenshewasintrouble.Or:Heisalwayssupportive/asourceofstrength.Wheneversheisintroubleheisthereforher.努力提升解题能力,以便轻松应对此题型俗话说熟能生巧在日常学习中,学生要认真对待老师精选的相关训练,勤加练习练习时需注意以下几个方面
(1)读懂题目,带问题阅读;
(2)快速通读全文,明确文章主旨大意;
(3)针对题目各个击破就归纳总结具体信息类题目,应确保所查找信息点全面;词义、句意猜测类题目,要联系前后文语境判断;观点、态度或写作意图类题目,应基于文章的整体内容作答;主旨要义以及推理题需视具体情况而定,有针对段落的命题,也有针对文章整体内容的命题
(4)答语要简洁、准确因为有词数要求,学生应学会转换表达方式,必要时可用单词代替短语,用非谓语代替从句,用构词法进行词性或词义转换名言警句一般都简洁明了,可用来作答某些题目
(5)做好作答后的检查,检查项包括作答内容是否与设问“对应”、作答词数是否符合题目要求、拼写(含大小写)、语法、标点等是否正确无误高考英语阅读表达技巧基础篇
一、要了解题目,速读全文,了解大意利主题首先了解题目所要考查的内容,因为考察内容较为固定,浏览一遍即可,其中主要看“出处加理解”与“全开放”试题,抓住重点考查信息接下来快速阅读(浏览)全文,获取主要信息运用扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,把握语篇实质完成这一步骤后,可针对每个小题做出解答(用时大约17分钟)【切记】回答问题要规范字数;书写;第一个词的使用(Todo…;Because…等)
二、审题,判断题型
1、出处加理解
①题干中的关键词认知,以及重中之重的关键词,以便使答题更加准确,不会造成“答非所问”的情况
②划好关键词,找到出处后,根据所问的问题以及句子结构用中文来回答注意“替换词”微技能的出现
③数字数,进行完善、修改然后再抄到答题纸上
(2)如果所要求的词数在10个词以里,一般均为抄原文出处即可,但是要注意时态、主语、三单,包括动词过去式的拼写等要求
(3)如果要求的词数在15个词时,要注意是否为“总结归纳概括”的试题要求这时要十分注意所找出处部分的句子,也可以说“扩大范围搜索相关内容”,同时更要注意一些承接词,(besidehowever等)因为它们会给我们提供认知条件的,而往往却是我们容易忽略的
(4)另外,也要注意有时文里没有给到明确的信息或是出处,这时就必须要按照“信息推断的试题”去做了(比如Clara为什么会坐到NASA的前排座位呢?这是文里没有明确的出处的,需要你根据文里所陈述的内容来推断的)【切记】出处加理解的试题不能随便的脱离开出处去自由发挥!!!
2、段落主旨(文章主旨)大意题在弄清楚文章的大意后,用简练的一句话或短语概括出文章的标题即可对于大多数文章而言,在第一段往往就交待了该文章的中心内容,第一段中的首句或尾句通常会点明该段的中心,因此一般而言通过归纳第一段的首尾句便可写出该文章的标题在答题时,切记要抓住关键词,且不要出现语法错误【切记】记叙文的主旨为“六要素”原则,关键要说出“谁干了什么,结果如何”;如果是记叙性散文那还要有贯穿文章始终的主线的东西
3、词义、词组、句义理解
(1)词义猜测一定要把整段逻辑翻译好,注意前后句的逻辑;另外还要注意有无“替换词”的出现【切记】越是认识的单词越要按照逻辑去理解,防止他“一词多义”出现
(2)词组猜测如果是认识的词组,一般用另外一个词组去替换即可;如果不认识的词组,一定要把整段逻辑翻译好,注意前后句的逻辑【切记】词性、形式务必正确!!!
(3)句意理解:如果在段落的结尾处出现,则本段落的中心要捕捉到位!如果在段落中间出现,那么前后的逻辑一定要反复认知到位!
③如果在段落的开始,那么上一段的最后一句话也是要认知的范围(承上启下)!、全开放试题(抓住主旨词来进行作答!但是不能抄原文中的句子!!!)首先要注意命题人的问题提出的形式,然后可以按照我们平时做题的要求进行答题你认为…怎么样?你学到了什么?首先要回答出“怎么样”然后可以用模句Ivelearnedthatonlybydoing---can你同意不同意作者的观点,为什么?一般回答都是“同意”,注意回答时要抓住主旨词回答,要用好模句!文中那句话让你印象最深?你是怎样受到鼓舞的(为什么?)找到文中你选的一句话,但是一定是你本人有好的表达模句来掌控这道题的!假如你是…,你会怎么样?为什么?这样的题一定要按照文章的主旨来回答,而且主旨关键词要明确!模句也是关键!
⑤依你之见,你会怎么样?要看懂文里所讲的内容,积极、正面地去作答!高中英语阅读表达解题思路及练习(含答案)第一类题型基础题解题方法探究首先,基础题虽然简单,但是学生得到满分也并不容易,因为本题型判卷标准苛刻,容易丢分,不容大意我在多年的教学实践中对本题型的解题方法和规律进行了一系列的探索并初步总结出答题的思路和技巧下面拟以2018年3月天津高考卷为例(节选),探究该题型的思路.Formanyteenagersajobisawaytoearnalittleextramoney.Formeitismorethanthat.Attheageof161wasofferedmyveryfirstjobasashopgirlinaclothingstore.Onthefirstdaymymanagerwastrainingmehowtofoldandorganizeplatformafterplatformofclothes.Theworkseemedoverwhelmingandeverythinghadtobedoneinanaccurateway.IgotsoimpatientbecauseIcouldntgetitrightthefirstcoupleoftimes.A代erabouttentriesIhadtheclothesfoldedperfectly.Thenittookmethirtyminutestogetthemalllookinguniform.NowIfoldandorganizeclotheseverydayandImabletodothemwell.ThroughthisexperienceIvelearnedtobepatient.Whatwastheauthorsfirstjob(nomorethan5words)WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinPara.2(nomorethan3words)本题难度不大,但是得到满分却有点困难.首先,学生若照抄原文Ashopgirlinaclothingstore.这样会超过词数限制.再者,有的同学会去掉冠词a写成Shopgirlinaclothingstore这样会犯语法错误依然不能拿到满分还有同学会直接答Ashopgirl.这个能得满分但又十分牵强.从上面例子看出,前两个答案是显性错误,一个超过限制字数,另一个是语法错误,都只能拿到L5分.第三个答案没有错误,但这个答案却违背了该题型答案应清晰明确的要求因为它没有把问题回答透彻,如果别人看到这个答案,一定会追问,她是卖什么产品的shopgirl由此,笔者总结了阅读表达此类基础题的解题原则如下.注意细节,注意细节包括注意首字母的大写,人称的转换,语法是否有错误,或是否超过限制字数等.清晰明确,答案一定要把事情说透彻、精当.以此题为例,我推荐的答案是Workingasashopgirl或者Ashopgirlsellingclothes或者Ashopgirlwhosoldclotheso.敢于突破原文本题如果执迷于原文,不敢改动,一定写不出最好的答案第二种题型猜词题的解题方法探究猜词题和猜句子含义题是本题型,乃至全卷最有难度的题型,其难度主要在于学生在思考解题思路和技巧时,感到非常茫然,没有思路,无从下手下面我从天津高考原题中抽象出该题型的解题规律和具体的解题思路第一.注意猜词题的层次性2014年天津高考原题节选LastDecemberDorisLowturned
90.OnceaweekshestilldrivestotheCanadianNationalInstitutefortheBlind(CNIB)inTorontowhereshehelpstransformliteratureintobraille(盲文)tobringthepowerofstoryandknowledgetotheheartsandmindsofblindreaders.Shehasbeenvolunteeringhertimeandtalentstosuchenterprisesformorethan40years.AfterworkinginthebusinessworldforawhileLowgotfedup.Sosheturnedtoteachingatatechnicalschoolandlatermovedintothelibrary.Lowsmotherlikedreading.AshereyesbegantofailLowreadtoher.Then“hearinganadvertisementencouragingpeopletolearnbrailleIdecidedtogiveitatry.In1973shewascertifiedasabrailletranscriber(转译者)andbegantranscribingbooksasavolunteerfortheCNIBlibrary.Thejobwasstrenuous-shecouldgettotheendofapagemakeamistakeonthelastlineandhavetodothewholethingagain.ForanumberofyearsLowalsoworkedintheCNIBsoundstudioreadingbooksontotape.Threeyearsagoshetookupproofreading(校对)attheCNIBswordfactory..Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strenuous”mostprobablymean(1word)对于该题以及上面选段的第57题,高考给出了若干参考答案比如DifficultTroubleHugeTiresomeDemanding等等在散乱的答案中,我最终找到了他们之间的内在逻辑答案存在明显的层次性.比如difficult就是一个层级比较高的词汇,这个意义不是特别具体,huge(巨大)表示的是一#difficulttiresome(令人厌倦)也是一种difficultdemanding(要求严格)还是一种difficult..这里hugetiresomedemanding就是层次比较低的答案,这种答案的特点是非常具体,形象•我们在解决此类问题的过程中,可以先猜到层级比较高的词,然后再思考该层级下更为具体的词汇.经过这样的练习,猜词题才更有思考的价值.高考对于这个题目的要求不是很高,只要答出层次比较高又不太具体的像difficult这样的词就给满分了,但在平时练习中,一定要让学生保持能写更具体词汇的能力,比如这两道题,我认为用demanding是最为恰当的,远远比difficult要精当.第二利用主系表结构的规律性.主系表结构有两种形式第一Sheiskind.主语+系动词+形容词做表语,这种形式对于解决题目实质帮助不大但第二种,sheisagirl这种主语+系动词+名词的主系表结构对于解题意义重大因为这里的主语和名词时对等关系,我们可以利用这种特殊的关系,为我们的思考提供一个方向以2019年3月高考题(节选)为例AswellasbeingabletoturnPhysicalintopoetryPeterhadenergyandpassionandconveyedthesensethatsciencewaspartoftheworldaroundyouandnotadullboringacademicdiscipline.57Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinpara2本题的答题正确率非常低,主要原因在于面对这个题目学生没有一个合理的思路,本题实际上就是一个主系表结构,这里简单理解为科学是一个学术的discipline.或者理解为一个学术的discipline.是科学.如果把这个题目理解到这个程度,猜到subject(学科)或者field(领域)应该难度就小很多了.第三种题型猜句子题型的解题思路探究猜句子题含义题,又是阅读表达题型的难题之一,该题型的难点和猜单词含义题相似都是学生没有成熟的思路来思考这个题型,下面我通过天津高考原题来总结出这类题目的解题思路.思路一单词都认识,根据原意合理“抽象”2018年6月高考原题节选Nowweliveinaworldsurroundedbythecantdoattitudes.Weallfalldown.Weallhavedoubtsandregrets.Stillwemustclimbanddreamaboutwhatsatthetopofourmountain.Monstersmayappearorthenightwillfall.Butneverevergiveuponyourdream!NeverletanyonetellyouYoucant”Dreambigandclimbhigh!.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphnomorethan5words这道题中Weallfalldown.这句话中没有生词,都是最简单的词汇,但是这道题要得分却十分不易,因为很多学生根本没有思路去思考.这时可以考虑运用,根据原意,合理抽象的思路来思考.原意是我们都跌到,在成年人的世界中,跌到一次很容易抽象成失败,挫折含义,本题迎刃而解,该高考题的答案也都是关于fail和frustrate的.类似的,我们在生活中会遇见山,这里很容易可以抽象成我们在生活中会遇到困难,挫折.思路二单词不认识,联系主旨或中心句获得启示rma34-year-oldmanmarriedlivedinanicehouseandhaveasuccessfulcareerasaneducationalconsultant.Butmylifewasnotalwayssogreat.Ihadalearningdisabilityfromanearlyage.IwenttoaspecialschoolwhereIgotplentyofextrahelp.StillIsufferedtherestofmyschooldaysinpublicschools.MylifeimprovedremarkablywhenIdiscoveredart.Theartworldgavemeachancetoexpressmyselfwithoutwords.Iwenttoaworkshopandgraduallygotgoodatmakingthingswithclay郊i土.HereIlearnedmyfirstimportantlesson:disabledasIwasinlanguage.Icouldstillbesmartandwellexpressmyselfwithclay.Andmyconfidencecamealong.Igotmynextlessonfromrockclimbing.ItwasafunthingbutIwasscaredfromthestart.Isoonnoticeditwasntatalentthing;itwaspractice.SoIdiditmore.A代eraboutfiveyearsofclimbingIfoundmyselfinYosemiteValleyonabigwall.Ilearnedthatifyoufallinlovewithsomethinganddoitallthetimeyouwillgetbetteratit.LaterIdecidedtoapplymypreviousexperiencetolearninghowtoreadandwrite.EverydayIpracticedreadingandwritingwhichIusedtoavoidasmuchaspossible.AftertwohardyearsIwasliterate..WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph4Nomorethan5words该题目中literate是超纲词,这类题运用根据原意,合理抽象就不能解决,这里就需要合理运用单词不认识的情况下,联系全文主旨或者段落中心句的方法,本段中心句是Laterdecidedtoapplymypreviousexperiencetolearninghowtoreadandwrite.根据这句话,学生很容易写出Icanreadandwrite这个答案.有了这个信息定位,就能就此确定思路,就能顺畅地给出答案.第四种题型概括段意类题目解题思路探究这类题目的难点依然在于学生没有可操作性强的解题思路,下面我根据天津高考原题来说明这类题的解题思路PeterBulllockwasnotonlyanexcitingteacherbutalsothemanwhofoundedthedebateclubinmyschool.HeencouragemetotakepartandexpressmyselfinaforcefulwaythatIhavebeendoingeversince--andgettingpaidforit.ThatmadewhatIamtoday--acommerciallawyerWhatdoespara3mainlytellus面对这样的题目,我们需要分两步走,利用层次性解题技巧完成该题目.首先将文段分为两层,然后分别概括层意(概括层意需要注意敢于突破原文限制,真正写出概括感觉)这个题目我们可以先划分层次,戈U到inmyschool即可第一层可以概括为Hefoundedthedebateclub第二层基本可以概括为Hehadaneffectonmycareer尤其从第二点可以看出,这个写法突破了原文限制,写出来概括性的感觉和特点下面总结一下该题型解题思路第一,根据文意划分出两个层次第二,在敢于突破原文的前提下,概括层意,给出答案习题阅读短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题Bornin1949DianaNyadtookanearlyinterestinswimmingasasportandwasaFloridaStateHighSchoolswimmingchampion.LikemanyyoungathletesshehadOlympicdreamsbutaseriousillnesskeptherfromcompetingintheGames.Thedisappointmentdidntstopherfromgoingforward.Insteadshebecameinterestedinmarathonswimming.Abrilliantathleteshewaswell-conditionedforspendinglongperiodsoftimeinthewater.Asalong-distanceswimmershewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydistancedangercoldandexhaustion.FortenyearsNyaddevotedherselftobecomingoneoftheworldsbestlong-distanceswimmers.In1970sheswamaten-milemarathoninLakeOntariosettingthewomensrecordforthecourse.In1972shesetanotherrecordbyswimming
102.5milesfromanislandintheBahamastothecoastofFlorida.ThenshebrokeathirdrecordwhenswimmingaroundManhattanIslandin
1975.NyadattemptedtoswimthedistancebetweenFloridaandCubain
1978.Thoughthespanofwaterislessthan100mileswideitisroughanddangerous.Afterbattlingthewaterfortwodaysshehadtogiveforthesakeofherownhealthandsafety.Evensosheimpressedtheworldwithhercourageandstrongdesiretosucceed.ForNyadherstrengthofpurposewasjustasimportantasreadingCuba.Thatishowshedefinedsuccess.Itdidnotmatterthatherswimcameupshort;shebelievedshehadtouchedtheothershore.[来源:ZXXK]WhenNyadendedhercareerasaswimmershecontinuedtotrynewthings---travellingtheworldasareporterwritingbooksandgivingpublicspeechesaboutherlife.DianaNyadworkstoinspireothersjustasshedidwhensheswamthewatersoftheworld.WhatpreventedNyadfromtakingpartintheOlympicGamesNomorethan5wordsWhatdoestheunderlinedword“obstaclesmean1wordWhatachievementdidNyadmakein1970Nomorethan10words.WhydidNyadbelievethatshehadtouchedtheothershoreNomorethan10wordsPleaseexplainhowyouareinspiredbyNyad.Nomorethan20words答案
56.Aseriousillnessdid.Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.Sheswamaten-milemarathonandsetwomensrecord.Or:Sheswamaten-milemarathonsettingthewomensrecord.Or:Shesetthewomensrecordforaten-milemarathonswimming.Becauseshehadtriedherbesttofulfillthetask.Or:HerstrengthofpurposewasasimportantasreachingCuba.Iamencouragedbyherdeterminationandstrongwill.Or:Iaminspiredbyhercourageandstrongdesiretosucceed.Or:FromherIlearnedthatoncewesetagoalweshouldtryhardtoachieveit.2分档
1.5分档1分档0分档针对问题作答,内容全面,答题所用词数符合题目要求词数且语法、单词拼写(含大小写)准确无误针对问题作答,内容全面,但答题所用词数严重超出题目要求词数,存在个别语法、单词拼写(含大小写)错误,但不造成语义偏差语法或单词拼写基本准确,但回答内容不够全面;针对问题做出了基本正确的回答,但含有一两处语法或单词拼写错误,造成语义偏差;没有针对问题作答;回答过于草率,难于理解。